938 
S5>ic RURAL NEW-YORKER 
August 4 , 1917 . 
Saving Sweet Clover Seed 
I was unable to cut a field of Sweet 
clover of perhaps 10 acres in June, when 
it was of the right height and quality for 
hay. It has now got away from me; is 
from four to six feet high and is in 
bloom. I can pa.sture it, of course, but I 
want to save some seed if I can do so 
without much outlay for special appli¬ 
ances. That is. I want about 300 pounds 
of seed. Can I get that amount of seed, 
using such appliances as are common on 
most farms? As but little of the seed on 
an individual plant ripens at one time 
how do I get the seed? Of course, the 
extent of my field would not require me 
to save plants, and I could cut down a 
considerable amount in order to get a 
little seed at a time, but that may not 
' be the best way peidiaps. K. w. 
Connecticut. 
This experience has been similar to 
mine this season ; too much rain in June 
to cure the hay, so I am allowing the 
first cutting to stand for seed instead of 
the second. Mine now is in blossom also, 
R. W. ought to get half a ton of seed 
from 10 acres. Thrash with an oa': 
thrasher, but use smaller sieves. Cu* 
when about two-thirds or three-fourths oc 
the peals are ripe or nearly so. The res'; 
will dry ripe. If you have no grain to 
thrash and do not need a thrasher and 
you only want 300 lbs. of seed, then you 
can thrash with three-tined forks. Take 
a load on a di-v day and with a man on 
each end of ike ioad, be.‘>^ it out with 
forks, throwing olT ''nob layer of straw 
when finished, it shells out very readily, 
and it would not take verj^ long to shell 
out that amount, and if sown between 
Fall and Spring tbe unhulled is just as 
good as the hulled. A good way is to 
disk the ground thoroughly in November 
and roll in 30 lbs. to the acre Avithout a 
nurse crop. Your crop of hay the next 
September would be worth more to you 
than the grain from the nurse crop. 
After the seed is thrashed clean with a 
fanning mill. Of course, you must have 
the hay rigging covered with a canvas to 
catch the seed. A. bi.oomingdai.e. 
Cement Cistern 
The following may help your Ovid, 
Mich., correspondent with his cement 
cistern. After finishing a cement cis¬ 
tern five years ago, I melted about four 
pounds of tallow, took a whitewash 
brush and went over the inside of my 
cistern. The tallow came off a little at 
a time and ran off in the overflow and 
our water has always been nice and soft. 
I have recommended this to others and it 
has always done the work. j. L. H. 
The Migration cf Negroes 
Few people appear to realize what is 
going on in the migration of colored 
workmen from the Southern States to 
the North. The recent fearful outbreak 
in Illinois calls National attention to 
this matter, and it is one of the serious 
problems which will have to be met in 
the next few years. It is estimated that 
something over 2,50.000 colored peoi)le 
have already left the South and many 
others are planning to go. The heaviest 
movement seems to be from South Caro¬ 
lina, Georgia, upper Florida and por¬ 
tions of Alabama and Mississippi. Va¬ 
rious reasons are given for this move¬ 
ment. The serious floods in some of the 
Southern States have caused much suffer¬ 
ing among the working people through 
the cotton growing districts. The failure 
of the cotton crop through the attacks of 
the boll weevil have _ brought great 
trouble to farmers. Again, the war has 
caused a shortage of labor at the North. 
This has made a great demand for com¬ 
mon labor, and the negroes have been in¬ 
duced to leave their former homes in 
order to obtain higher wages. Unques¬ 
tionably also the recent outbreaks of mob 
violence in the South have had much to 
do Avith this movement, and we knoAV 
that many of the better clasc of negroes 
feel that their children will have far bet¬ 
ter school privileges in the North. 
In character the negroes who are leav¬ 
ing the South appear to be of the higher 
type. They are in their way pioneers 
and the pioneers of a race are usually the 
strongest and most capable of the popu¬ 
lation. .lust what the end of this' migra¬ 
tion Avill be no one can tell, but unpreju¬ 
diced observers think it Avill increase 
rather than diminish. These people feel 
that after the war there will n'>t be the 
groat rush of foreign immigrants v/hich 
many have thought probable as the Euro¬ 
pean countries will need all their force to 
build up their broken fortunes. Thus, it 
is felt that the negroes will be needed all 
over the North and West to do the 
heavier-and common work formerly done 
by the lower class Europeans. 
Personally, we have always felt that 
the c-olored people would be better off in 
the South. That is their country, where 
they are used to the climate, the condi¬ 
tions of labor and the kind of labor which 
the South has developed. In the colder 
parts of the country the colored man is 
not likely to thrive as he does in the 
Avarmer climate of the Gulf States. This 
Avon Id seem to be a fair outlook of the 
matter, but we fully realize that when a 
movement of this kind starts it is prac¬ 
tically imjjossible _ to head it off, ai: ! 
while we believe it is not for the best 
advantage of the negro to leave the South 
in large numbers avo think the migration 
will go on until a very large number of 
the colored p'^onle are located through the 
North and West. 
EVENTS OF THE WEEK 
UOMESTir.—Half a million dollars’ 
worth of woolen mill m.achinery, stock in 
m.anufacture for Government purposes, 
and the mill building were destroyed by 
fire .Tilly 21 at the plant of the Waterloo 
Woollen Uompany, at Waterloo, N. Y. 
Five hundred persons were thrown out 
of employment. 
The most disastrous fire Rochester, 
N. Y., has known in more than 30 years, 
destroyed, .Inly 22, the big plant of the 
Whitney Elevator and Warehouse Com¬ 
pany, where 300,000 bushels of wheat 
were stored. The loss is estimated at 
,$700,000. The merchandise warehouse 
contained a considerable amount of food¬ 
stuffs, such as sugar, molasses and 
spices. 
The United States Steel Corporation 
is preparing to build an enormous ship¬ 
building plant on the Hackensack mead¬ 
ows, New .Tersey, having purchased 348 
acres of land there. The new shipbuild¬ 
ing yard will lie between the Passaic and 
Ilkckensack rivers, and is the largest 
acreage obtained by any concern on the 
big flats. 
An indictment was returned in the 
United States court at Ualtimore, .Tuly 
24 against the National Retail r’enu- 
ment Dealers’ Association of America, 
Tucorp'^rated, its officers and members of 
■ the boaro , ' managers for alleged viola¬ 
tions of the Slier-. -•n anti-trust act. Dur¬ 
ing the last three yeai.^, it i.s r’’r.-.“Ted, in¬ 
vestigations of Government agents are 
said to have resulted in discover-es tha,, 
the defendants have violated the Sherman 
laAV by preventing certain dealers from 
procuring marble and granite from pro¬ 
ducers Avho ai-e associated Avith the cor¬ 
poration. 
Six persons were killed and one was 
seriously injured July 24 at Port Clin¬ 
ton, Ohio, when a fast New York Cen¬ 
tral mail train crashed into an automo¬ 
bile which was stalled at the crossing. 
With vegetation tinder dry after a 
month of unbroken drought, forest fires 
were starting in many pl.aces thi-ough- 
out the Kootenay woods in British Co¬ 
lumbia, ,Tuly 24, while from the State of 
Washington a great fire was traveling 
rapidly toward the Briti.sh Columbia 
town of I’atterson, near the boundary. 
Other fires Avere reported to«be raging in 
the Arrow Lake district, in the Lardo 
district and at Fruitvale, B. C. Much 
valuable timber has been destroyed. 
FARM AND GARDEN.—The Iowa 
State College has about eight acres of 
.ground devoted to the intensive groAving 
of vegetables. A portion of this area has 
recently been equipped with a Skinner 
irrigation system. Prof. A. S. Thurston 
is in charge of both the floricultural and 
truck crops work at the college. 
The prize list of the New York State 
Fair, covering the 77th annual exhibi¬ 
tion, to be held at Syracuse, September 
30 to 35, is a voluminous list if 348 
pages. Besides those for agricultural and 
other exhibits, there are classes for flow¬ 
ers, vegetables and fruits. Further in¬ 
formation is obtainable from the secre¬ 
tary, New York State Fair, Syracuse, 
N. Y 
The Blue Grass Fair, will be held at 
Lexington, Ky., Aug. 0-11. Premiums 
amount to $20,000. Secretary Denny B. 
Goode, Lexington. 
The Government Avill establish in Cal¬ 
ifornia a large plant for the manufac¬ 
ture of potash, according to announce¬ 
ment .Tuly 19 by ,T. W. Turrentine, scien¬ 
tist of the Department of Agriculture. 
The potash will be made from kelp har¬ 
vested in the Pacific Ocean, and is to be 
used by the United States army. 
The Neiv .Tersey Board of Agriculture 
announced July 19 the appointment of 
Dr .T. 11. McNeil, of Philadelphia, as 
cb ef of the Bureau of Animal Industry, 
at a salary of $4,000 a year. Dr. McNeil 
was graduated from the University of 
Pennsylvania. He served as veterinary 
inspector for the United States Govern¬ 
ment, as dean of the veterinary depart¬ 
ment of Iowa State College, and then as 
director of clinics and pi’ofessor of vet¬ 
erinary surgery at Ohio State University. 
In 1912 he went to Brazil to direct the 
treatment, breeding and management of 
purebred cattle for a big packing house. 
S. N. McClure, of Salt Lake City, sec¬ 
retary of the National Wool Growers’ 
Association, declared July 23 that West¬ 
ern stockmen would boycott every railroad 
that adoptetl the proposed food conserva¬ 
tion plan of refusing to serve Spring 
lamb in their dining cars. According to 
Secretary McClure the stockmen will re¬ 
fuse to patronize the dining cars on these 
roads and will ship their stock over other 
lines._ Officials of roads with headquar¬ 
ters in Chicago said they would aid the 
Government in its campaign despite the 
threat of the Western stockmen. 
The annual convention of the Noi'thern 
Nut Growers’ Association will be held at 
Stamford, Conn., Sept. 5-6. 
WASHINGTON.—Secretary Baker 
announced July 2‘2 that a so-called dry 
zone had been established by Presiden¬ 
tial order around all military camps for 
the protection of troops. It provides that 
all sale of liquor be i/rohibited in a five- 
mile zone Avhen the ciim.ps arc near or in 
incorporated to vns or cities. Saloons 
found in these areas Avill be force! to 
close. 
.Tuly 24 the T’resident sif.ned th $040,- 
000.000 aero bill. The intention is to 
build, equip and man 35.(X)0 aircraft 
with an army of 110.000 flying men. 
As a I'esult of the continued fnivlicn in 
the Shipping Board, resignations aa'C’c de¬ 
manded July 24 from the principals in 
the fight, William Denman, chairman 
of the board, and Major-Gen. George W. 
Goethals, manager of the board’s Emer¬ 
gency Fleet Corporation in charge of con¬ 
struction. EdAvard N. Hurley of Chica¬ 
go, former chairman of the Federal 
Trade Commission, was named by the 
President to succeed Mr. Denman as 
chairman of the board, and Bainbridge 
Colby of New York, was appointed suc¬ 
cessor to Capt. John B. White of Kansas 
City, whoso resignation also was f ccept- 
ed. Rear Admiral Washington L. Capps, 
chief constnictor of the navy, Avill suc¬ 
ceed Gen. Goeth.als as manager of the 
fleet corporation. taking ii.imediate 
charge of the building programr e. 
Coming Farmers’ Meetin s 
Blue Grass Fair, Lexington, .vy., Aug. 
6 - 11 . 
Annual Summer meeting. New York 
State Fruit Growers’ Association, Pon¬ 
tiac Hotel, Oswego, N. Y., August 7-11. 
New Jersey State Horticultural Socie¬ 
ty, Summer meeting, Min.’h Orchards, 
Bridgeton, Aug. 8. 
Connecticut Bornological Associ.ation, 
annual meeting. State Agricultural Col¬ 
lege, Stores, August 9-10. 
Connecticut Poultry Association, an¬ 
nual meeting, Connecticut Agricultural 
College, Storrs, August 6-8. 
Connecticut Dairymen’s A.sso<*iation, 
annual meeting. State Agricultural Col- 
>ge, Storrs, August 8-9. 
v'er’^ified Milk Producer.s’ Associatin of 
Ameri i, tenth annual convention, Briai*- 
cliff Manor, N. Y., Aug. 34-3.5. ] 
Society of American Florists and Or¬ 
namental Horticulturi.-ts, New York City* 
August 21-23. 
Iowa State Fair, Dcs ^’^oiucs, August 
22-33. 
Ohio State Fair, Columbus, August 
27-.31. 
Michigan State Fair, Detroit, August 
31-Sept. 9. 
Kankakee Interstate Fair, Kankakee, 
Ill., Sept. 1-7. 
Nebraska State Fair, Lincoln, Sept. 
2- 9. 
Indiana State Fair, Indianapolis, 
Sept. .3-7. 
Minnesota State Fair, Hamline, Sept. 
3- 8. 
Northern Nut Growers’ Association, 
annual convention, Stamforl, Conn., 
Sept. 5-6. 
Illinois State Fair, Spx’ingfidd, Sept. 
7 35. 
Solebury Far.nors’ lOxhibit. Solebury 
Deer Park, Solebury, Pa.. Sept. 7-8. 
New A’ork State Fair, Syracuse, N. Y., 
September 10-15. 
Agricultural Society of Queens-Nassau 
Counties, seventy-sixth annual exhibition, 
Mineola, N. Y., Sept. 2,5-29. 
The Big Demand For 
BAKER 
APPLE 
BOXES 
IVester’i Style 
makes it necessary, if deliveries are to 
be made by packing time, to get your 
orders in at once. Don’t delay. An 
order placed today insures your having 
the boxes v;hen needed. 
Get The Extra Profit On 
Baker-Packed Apples 
T hey command a b. tter price because 
they “look” a better price; the dealer 
and consumer prefer boxes to barrels 
always. Easier to handle, easier to 
sell. A sure way to get mote money 
for your apples. 
Write now for price?. State number 
and .tyle boxes wante Order now 
and save disappointn:< it later. 
BAKER BOX C‘ >I !PANY 
84 Foster St., Wor< et ter, css. 
Eilis Champion II resher 
^Best for tbe farmer who desirf s to 
thresh only his own grain as we.I a-, 
the man making 
a business of 
threshing. 
Cut shows Ellis Champion Alo. 2 complete with 
wind stacker, tailing elevator and grain bag. , 
Can be operated by either steam or gasoline 
engine. Made in four sizes and various styles. 
We also make ensilage cutter, corn shellers, 
etc. Send for our catalogue today and learn all 
about our line of threshers and other machinery. 
Ellis Keystone Agricultural Works 
Pottstown, Pa. 
Send for 
Our 12-Page Reward 
Li^, showing upwards of 
300 articles given for se¬ 
curing subscriptions to 
The Rural New-Yorker 
Address, Department "M"’ 
333 TN. 30th Street, New York 
Let Your Pride in Your Product Dictate. 
Your desire to have your crop first-e’ess in appearance and condition for marketing, and youf 
v'ish to place your orchard on a high-p ying basis should be deciding factors for your buying a 
grader now. Don’t wait until the packing laws, the hi'h cest of labor and the public taste 
force you to do it. 
The SIS^IPLEX f^utomatic Fruit Grader 
The One A, 'ple Orader That Has Made Good 
Highly endorsed by fruit growers. Adaptable for either barreling or boxing. Four subdi¬ 
visions for barreling, two of which can be run together if desired. Arranged for boxing, with 
seven subdivisions, m less than five minutes. Will properly grade the smallest Grimes or 
Jonathans, or the largest varieties know n. 
Apples Fit to Pack N t Touched b.r Operators' Hands 
Simply pick out the wormy, rotten apples; the machine does the rest. YOU HAVE 
NO'l'HlNG TO WATCH BUT THE WORM-HOLES. 
Apples pass in front of the sorters in two moving rows, 
the only machine by which this is done. Apples are 
turned over and over so that imperfect ones are easily 
detected and removed. 
Injury to Fruit Impossible 
Sizing rollers consist of large right and left hand 
screws. ■ Apples descend through square holes between 
them. Rollers revolve upward and outward, making 
slightest injury impossible, and turning apples over 
and over, insuring cheek to -heek grading, the only 
accurate way. hYult lowered carefully from bins into 
barrels through bottomless bags without bruising. 
Faster and Better Grading 
With the Simplex you can do more grading and do it 
better than with any other machine. You can reduce 
your packing cost 16 to 60 percent and get a 26 to 60 
cent better price for your apples. 
Send Today for FREE Booklet 
Hardie Manufacturing Co., 106 Mechanic St. 
Hudson, Mich. 
yfmm 
