^he RURAL N E W- YORKER 
1235 
Garden and Farm Notes 
Peach Leaf-curl 
What can I do now to peach trees 
which suffered badly from leaf-curl? 
Milton. N. Y. ii. v. M. 
There is very little that can be done 
at this time to improve the condition of 
peach trees that may have suffered from 
an attack of leaf-curl last Spring. Fol¬ 
lowing an attack of leaf-curl the orchards 
should receive good culture during .July 
to encourage the trees to put out addi¬ 
tional foliage. If an orchard is neglect¬ 
ed after an attack of leaf-curl and not 
cultivated, the trees may be greatly re¬ 
duced in vigor. Spraying for the control 
of leaf-curl may be done any time during 
the dormant season when the Aveather is 
f.avorable. However, it is not advisable 
to apply lime and sulphur at AVinter 
strength for the control of this disease 
when the weather conditions are cold and 
Avet. In order to be effectiA’e against the 
disease the lime-sulphur must be applied 
before the leaf buds push out beyond the 
bud scales in early Spring: after the leaf 
tips are exposed beyond the bud scale the 
disease enters the leaves, and then an 
application of spray will not control it. 
This commonly neces.sitates spraying in 
early March, when the weather may be 
more or le.ss unfavorable. In case a 
warm period occurs in the late Fall after 
the foliage is off. or in the late Winter, 
the spraying of peaches could be carried 
on. The thoroughness of the application 
Avould also be a factor in controlling leaf- 
curl. Sometimes the tips of the trees are 
not well covered, and attacks of leaf-curl 
occur in the tops of the trees Avhen the 
lower part of the tree has been quite well 
protected. M. a. blake. 
Tomatoes following Tomatoes 
. I had four acres of field tomatoes this 
year. Can I plant tomaroes on tlie same 
field next year? It is a fine piece of 
ground, south exposure, and the only 
ground that I have without orchard, I 
am almost compelled to u.se same again. 
.\s a rule it needs rotation, but maybe 
I can put something on the ground, as 
lime. F.. 0. 
Felton, Del. 
The result that is apt to follow the 
repetition of the tomato crop on the 
same land is an increase of the diseases 
that affect the plant. If the Fusarium 
blight or the Southern bacterial blight 
was present in the crop to any extent 
this year, it will probably be far wor.se 
next year. If tbe crop this year was 
clean and he.althy, you can repeat the 
crop without serious damage It would 
have been better to sow Crim.son clover 
seed among the tomatoes in August 
or early September, so that you would 
have had a AVinter cover and a crop 
to turn under in the Spring. Spray 
plants in seed bed with Bordeaux mix¬ 
ture and then spray at least twice Jifter 
setting in the fields, to ward off the leaf 
blight. W. F. MASSEY. 
Apple and Pear Blight 
AA'e have been having great trouble 
with a disea.se on api)le and i>ear trees. 
I take it to be blight. AA’hat. can be 
done to control or stop it? 
Maryland. seveuat. readeks. 
The blight of apples and pears has 
reached almost epidemic proportions in 
Maryland during each of the past three 
years. You no doubt understand that 
the blight may increase for a few years, 
and then decrease again for a few years; 
in other words, it seems to come and go 
in waves. There is nothing practical 
that can be recommended in the way of 
control in the case of old or middle- 
aged trees; but in the case of young 
trees, say .six years old or younger, it 
is advisable to cut out enough of the 
blight during the growing .sea.son to 
save the life of the trees and .then in 
the Spring, just before the buds open, it 
is a good practice to go through the 
orchard and cut out all of the hold-over 
blight that can be found. A very small 
percentage of the infections carry through 
the AA'inter, as the blight germs are 
killed in any infected part that dries 
out. The germ which causes the dis¬ 
ease never goes into the dormant stage; 
it is always in the vegetative, or rather 
tender condition. If this were not true. 
it would be almost impossible to pro¬ 
duce apples and pears in this country. 
AA’hen cutting out the blight, both in the 
Summer and the early Spring, it is es¬ 
sential to sterilize the instruments used 
after each operation with either corrosive 
sublimate one part to one thousand parts 
of water, or with some other germicitle. 
Maryland. c. E. temple. 
State Plant Pathologist. 
Seeding Rape in Fall 
I sow rape for my hogs in the Spring 
fur pasture, but it does not mature 
early enough. Do you think if I should 
sow the rape seed hate in the Fall it 
would come up in the Spring? l. e. s. 
Nineveh, N. Y. 
It seems to me that this is entirely un¬ 
necessary and a doubtful procedure. If 
Dwarf Essex rape is .seeded early in the 
Spring it will mature sufficiently in oO 
to 35 days, that is .so that it can be ap¬ 
propriately pastured by the pigs. It is 
advisable to pasture this as .soon as it 
is eight or nine inches l\igh, as it is not 
requisite that it shall reach full matur¬ 
ity before the pigs are turned in. It is 
my judgment that it will not ■wint(‘r well 
when seeded in the Fall, and my advice 
would be that it be seeded early in the 
Spring, just as soon as it is possible to 
get on to the ground, and that it be 
mixed with Sweet clover and po.sslbl.v 
oats at the time of .seeding. 
F. C. MINKLER. 
N. ,T. Experiment Station. 
“ Modified Bordeaux” 
Our Nova Scotia .apple crop is again 
“not up to expectations.” The quality is 
fair, but the quantity is lacking. The 
best judges say the crop is less than last 
year. My crop last year was 2,400 bar¬ 
rels. As I expected poor prices this 
year, I cut down varieties which would 
have made 400 to 500 barrels. This year 
I expect 1,500 to 1,800 barrels of ap¬ 
ples. One prominent Canadian Govern¬ 
ment offici.al said my apples in 1010 wen> 
the best he had seen from British Colum¬ 
bia to tbe Atlantic. In 1017 he used 
the “modified Bordeaux” and writes me 
“my crop is the nicest in years.” He 
also is afraid of the effects of lime- 
sulphur. 
I think lime-sulphur as a Bummer 
spray is very hard on the stems of King 
and Btark, and on the leaves of most 
varieties, particularly Stark and Ribston. 
King in particular will set and the lime- 
sulphur will take them off. I think 
arsenate of lime is also a more danger¬ 
ous poison than arsenate of lead, at any 
rate in modified Bordeaux, The formula 
for the last is before the bloom copper 
sulphate 4 lbs., good stone lime 30 lbs., 
water 100 gallons (Canadian). After 
the bloom first spray 20 Ib.s. good lime 
iuid water 100 gallons. After the bloom 
second spray 20 lbs. good lime, 2 lbs. 
copper sulphate and 100 gal. water. 
For poison use paste ar.senate of lead as 
desirable. Soak the trees. 
This last year in Nova Scotia was a 
year when damp weather made the spray 
injury very bad. I have been in five or 
six orchards where dusting has been done. 
Despite the fact that most of these are 
quite badly affected with fungus (black 
spot), I think the dust has given good 
results. In all the orchards I w’as in 
one block at least was dusted four 
times and there the auples were very 
fine. AATth two dustings the effect 
seemed very small. The dust when 
well put on and four times applied ap¬ 
peared to leave the foliage in much bet¬ 
tor shape than lime-.sulphur. The only 
objection to the dust is the cost of ma¬ 
terial. I would guess (a very rough 
guess) that the cost would be about 1% 
to 1% times the cost to spray. 
Orchards ai*e being sold tree mn, 
picked and with the bead upside down, 
giving % inch more space, delivered at 
railway station here, for $2.35 to $2.,50 
per barrel holding about 125 lbs. net of 
apples. Our legal Canadian barrel is 
smaller than the New York barrel. 
Nova Scotia. .tohn BUCitAXAN. 
Commercial Bayberry Culture 
Can any of your rimders give any idea 
as to the practicability of growing the 
bayberry, or candleberry, on a commercial 
basis, for the purpose of extracting and 
disimsing of its wmx? What is the ap¬ 
proximate yield of berries per bush? How 
much wax can be extracted from a given 
unit of berries? What is it worth per 
pound, and where can it be sold? What 
points of superiority have candles made 
of this wax over those made of sperm or 
other waxes? Have the berries .any value 
except for the wax they will yield and has 
the wax any value except for making 
candles? What i.s the cosr of extracting 
it? o. c. o. 
MThousand 
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