1258 
‘Che RURAL NEW-YORKER 
25oTember 3, 1917 
Late Sowing of Sweet Clover 
1 liavo a 1 h“ 1(1 which lias been in buck¬ 
wheat this year, and was in corn the year 
before. I would like to sow this field to 
.Sweet clover this Fall, and would like to 
know whether it will be necessary to fer¬ 
tilize it, and. if so, to what extent? Will 
It 
fit 
I V 
c. It. r. 
brings a very high price. As you can 
judge from the jiicture, they are thrifty 
and perfectly immense. I am told that 
they average 10 or 12 barrel per tnte each 
yf'Hr. K.H.BEATTV. 
—A jiieture of this tree is 
shown at k’ig. oSI. ('an anyone tell us 
about it? Mr. t.eorge T. ]N>well sends 
us this note: 
I have lookt'd up the old varieties of 
this section and I find no listing of Oox- 
.. ., . sackie. My opinion is that it is an old 
Roll once or twice with 
ii„.. :i. nti_ „ \ Germantown, and as a seedling has 
very resistant quality against canker and 
general fungus di.seases. 
I have long believed in the principle of 
bud selection, and if I were startins: new 
orchards I certainly would look for these 
trees and propagate from them by very 
careful selection of buds from the best 
tree. There are several valuable varieties 
that have originated in this county, 
among them Richard’s Craft or Fall 
Strawberry, one of the finest Fall varie¬ 
ties. 
be necessary to lime the 
Leonards Itiddge, Conn. 
Disk your buckwheat ground a couple 
of times, and just before ground freezes 
sow 20 to 2.0 lbs. of unhulled white Sweet 
clover .seed pej- acre, half each way, .so as 
to get it even, 
a good heavy roller, as it likes a hard 
s(‘ed-bed. As all h*gunies are lime lov- 
<'rs, no doubt it would pay to use half a 
ton of burned or a ton of ground lime¬ 
stone jier acre. If you fertilize, use about 
300 lbs. per acre, nearly all phosphate or 
.some potash with it. The clover snpplie.s 
its own nitrogen. 1 have never used any 
fertilizer or lime. Ruckwheat land is apt 
to be clean and generally free from weeds, 
and ought to be ideal for Sweet clover. 
nLOO.MIXCiUALK. 
Starting With Bees 
AVhat are the hi'st sort of bees, and 
what is ihe jiroper lime to commence with 
lies? I am thinking of keeping a few 
swarms and was wondering if best to 
buy tliis Fall or wait until Sjiriug. w. s.' 
Xian tie. Conn. 
The Italian bees are recognized as the 
best variety for honey gathering. ha\ing 
practically supplanted the native black 
bees in commercial apiaries. Colonies of 
black bees are easily Italianized by the, 
introduction of an Italian queen after re¬ 
moving the black one, so that it -is not 
neces.sary to start with ftill colonies of 
Italians if one wishes to keep that kind. 
My advice would be to start in the 
Spring, either with Italian colonies or 
with black bees on removable frames, so 
that they could be Italianized later. 
if. R. n. 
Ownership of Horseshoes 
'J’o settle a difl'erence of ojiiniou, tell 
us to whom the shoes belong after they 
are taken from a horse by a blacksmith, 
when shoeing a horse, to the owner of 
tlie horse who pays for the work, or 
to the blacksmith. ii. p. p. 
X’ew .Jersey. 
that the shoes go with 
belong to the owner. lie 
to take them after they 
horse's feet, if he wants 
The Young Jewish Farmer 
1 should not attempt to add to the 
sound advice given to A. G. by Trucker, 
.Tr., on page 1173, were it not for the fact 
that I, a Russian Jew myself, had, at the 
age of 2G, the same problem to solve that 
now confronts A. G. From experience 
gained in 10 years on the farm, during 
which time I worked on the truck farms 
of New Jersey, as well as in the wheat 
fields of the Dakotas, I can tell A. G. 
that it is entirely possible for an intelli¬ 
gent .Jewish young man to become a 
farmer by following the advice of Truck¬ 
er, Jr., provided he is physically strong 
and possesses a will power that is not 
influenced, in the pursuit of a goal, by 
the advice of fidends and the uncongeni 1 
atmosphere when living among people of 
a widely different social and racial psych¬ 
ology. 
The most important warning, howev r, 
is this: You must be ready to give up 
many of your pet ideas and uncondition¬ 
ally surrender yourself into the melting 
pot, by marrying a farmer girl of one of 
the many nationalities that compo.se the 
farming population of this country. Be 
sure to get a Jewish girl, who will not 
only share your esthetic appreciation of 
farm life, but will also be a capable house¬ 
keeper and willing to take her turn at the 
milking pail. It took me a long time be¬ 
fore I found one. Perhaps A. G. will be 
fortunate not to have <o Avait that long. 
B. 
We consider 
the horse and 
has the right 
come off the 
them. JVe see no ri'ason why the black- 
s!ii:th can claim the shoes any more than 
I shoe merchant can claim a pair of 
old shoes Avhen the customer comes to 
buy a new pair. "We often leave such 
shoes at the .shop, as we have little use 
for them, but they go with the horse 
if the owner has need of them. 
Who Knows the Coxsackie Apple 
In looking over some of my records I 
have come across the enolosixl jihoto- 
graph of an apple tree on the orchard of 
A. M. Reed, Folumbia Co., X^. Y. The 
tree is known as a Coxsackie, but I have 
never been able to find anyone familiar 
Coxsackie Apple Tree. Fig. 581 
Avith this variety. 'J'here are six or si'ven 
of these trees left in his orchard, and I 
am told that there are a few on different 
orchards around Germantown, N. Y. Do 
you know if there is anyone who jirop.a- 
gate.s this Auii'iety and whether it has 
Ix'en successful in other localities? 
This tree has jiarticularly ajipealed to 
me because of my experience in rejuven¬ 
ation Avork. KA’cryone is familiar Arith 
the decayed and hollow trunks of neg¬ 
lected apple Iree.s, especially if the trees 
have been pruned on the principle of leav¬ 
ing stubs. This tree Avas one among 1,2(X) 
trees around 40 to ,30 years old and had 
been subject to the usual treatment of 
the Avholc orchard. The trees had been 
trimmed from time to time, but most of 
the attention Avas paid to removing the 
dead limbs or bi’oken one.s—u.sually the 
lower branches. Stubs Avere the most 
apparent record of this Avork. In cut¬ 
ting these off to the correct point small 
cavities Avere usually revealed, but Avhen 
we came to the.se Coxsackies every tree 
was as “sound as a dollar,” though full 
of these stubs. I have held to the opinion 
that this variety is to a greater or lesser 
degree immune to the common fungus 
pests of the orchard, at least to the heart 
Avood de<‘ay of apples. This point seems 
to me a valuable one, for lieart rot spells 
the ruin of a great many of our old 
orchards throughout the State. Aside 
fromt his aiiparent immunity to decay, 
the freo.s arc i>rolifie bearers and the fruit 
Chloride of Lime 
('jibwide of lime ((‘lilorTnated lime! is 
a .sinijile. (diicient and valuable disin¬ 
fectant for household and farm use Avhen 
of good^ quality—containing not le.ss 
than 25% of aA'ailable chlorine—and 
sufficiently fresh to have retained its 
actiAuty. As a disinfectant about the 
farm a fresh 10% .solution, prepared by 
adding one pound of chlorinated lime to 
a gallon of Avater, Avould be useful in 
di.sinfecting stable floors and AvoodAvork. 
as is urgently required in the presence of 
contagious abortion in cattle, and also 
the interiors of brooders and the other 
poultry quarters Avhen white diarrhoea, 
chicken-pox, roui) or othm* contagious 
diseases* have been jirevalent. Privy 
A’.aiilts and sinks may be deodorized and 
disinfected, the dry chloride of lime be¬ 
ing a poAverful deordorant and the solu¬ 
tion an efficient disinfectant. 
I >ischarges from_ typhoid fever patients 
may be rendered innocuous when mixed 
Avith a stiong solution of the chloride and 
bedding may be disinfected by the use 
of a weaker solution if thoroughlj'’ rinsed 
in clear AA’ater afterAvard. 
Probably the best uses for chloride of 
lime about the farm Avill be found in 
deodorizing and disinfecting priA'y vaults, 
stables, jioultry quarters, brooders, sinks 
and decaying Avaste that cannot be re¬ 
moved. Fst‘d in privy vaults it has the 
added advantage of driving aAvay flies, 
comnu>n carriers of disease. yr. n. r>. 
The Short Farm Course 
lOvery year avc have question.s from 
young men who ask Avhat advantage they 
may expect from a short course at an 
agricultural college. In a circular from 
the Wisconsin College we find the fol- 
loAving argument by Charles L. Hill: 
“First, but by no means of greate.st im- 
portanc-e, Avould be the financial end of the 
situation. I kuoAV that this training has 
made it pos.sible for hundreds of young 
men, uoav on Wisconsin farms, to" take 
these farms valued at from .$100 to $200 
an acre, for Avhich their fathers paid but 
$50 and acre, and for Avhich their grand¬ 
fathers iiaid $1.23—stock these farnm 
Avith purebred live stock, until the invest¬ 
ment on many 160-acre farms exceeds 
.$50,000, and still not only make five per 
cent on the investment but to receive in 
addition each year from $1,000 to $5,000 
for their managerial services. Not only 
do they do this, Init they build on these 
farms homes that compare in size, com¬ 
fort, and even luxury, Avith many of the 
best city homes; to have these homes fur¬ 
nished and equipped so that the family 
can enjoy all that is best in life, including 
books, pictures, and music; to send his 
children, possibly not to the short course 
but^ to take a full four-year course in 
agriculture, Avhich uoav really means four 
years of the best training along the lines 
of scientific agriculture.” 
Facts About the New York Dog Law 
[Can you tell us hoAv many dogs have 
been licemHl in Ncav York, how much 
money Avas raised and hoAv many dogs 
have been killed? Is the laAV working 
jiroperly—in fact tell us what there is 
to the bill?] 
The department had such difficulty in 
securing supplies that the licensing perioc 
of .‘10 days alloAved by law from the date 
upon Avhich license blanks Avere received 
by toAvu and city clerks was A'erk irregu¬ 
lar, and in consequence many of the towns 
have not j'et reported the number of dogs 
licensed, and_ not more than 10% of the 
towns and cities of the State have reported 
the number of dogs killed for non-pay¬ 
ment of license fees. In some towns 
and cities large numbers were reported 
unlicensed at the expiration of the 30-day 
period; one of the larger cities reporting 
1000; one third-class city 700, and a 
town located on Ixmg Island over ,500. 
Such large numbers have made it physic¬ 
ally impossible for the officers to invest¬ 
igate any large portion of them at this 
date. The total number of dogs reported 
liy asses.sors and jiolice departments out¬ 
side of Ncav York ('itv is practically 
3(K),000. 
In many instances, a larger number of 
licenses haA'e been issued than dogs re- 
])orted by the asses.sors. About 800 claims 
for damages, have been filled in the de¬ 
partment, averaging about $100 each. In 
nmny instances these claims run from 
.$500 to $1,000. In such instances prac¬ 
tically the Avhole flock for A\ffiich the claim 
is made has been destroyed. In three sc,- 
tions Avhere damage claims Avere numer¬ 
ous, quarantine notices as provided by the 
laAV were posted and with the result that 
no further damages have occurred in those 
sections. These notices provide that all 
dogs shall be kept in confinement upon the 
owueiAs’ premises during the penod from 
sundown to one hour after sunrise. Prom 
watching the actual workings of the law, 
we have come to the conclusion that if 
amended in a feAV instances in order to 
make action by public officials mandatory 
and with a sufficient appropriation for the 
employment of extra iiispectors during 
the season that live stock is on pasture, 
Ave belicA^e that the laAV will go a long 
Avay toward accomplishing the purpose 
for Avliich it AAas enacted. 
Funds that will be collected for licenses 
for the full year beginning March 1st Avill 
be ample for the payment of all claims 
for damages to live stock and fowls; for 
the payment of local officials for services, 
and Aindoubtedly leave a lai’ge proportion 
of the amount collected for re-distfibution 
to the toAvns and cities at the end of the 
year. 
The Legislature failed to make an ap¬ 
propriation for the payment of town of¬ 
ficials for services under the law and for 
the payment of damages. Such bills can¬ 
not be paid until the Legislature appro¬ 
priates funds for the purpose. 
C. W. LARMON. 
Septic Tank Demonstrated. — The 
Niagara County NeAV Y’ork Farm Bureau 
News gives an account of a demonstration 
of a septic tank and water system. It 
seems that 110 peojile came to have these 
things explained and shoAvn to them. The 
hole in Avhich the tank AV'as built had al¬ 
ready been dug, and a wooden form for 
the tank had been made. Before the 
crowd this form Avas lowered into the 
excavation, and the concrete was mixed 
and poured in. This dhowed the Avhole 
E rocess, Avhile during the operation Prof. 
leilly of Cornell explained the matter 
and called attention to the special fea¬ 
tures. This must haA*e been an excellent 
meeting. A good share of our questions 
now refer to septic tanks and the building 
of a farm water system.' It is very en¬ 
couraging to see that farmers are interest¬ 
ed in these matters. 
“For the Laud’s Sake, use Bowker’s 
Fertilizers; they enrich the earth and 
those who till it.”— Adv. 
THIS Book Free 
It is illustrated and contains valu¬ 
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culture on the latest scientific methods 
of seed cleansing 
"TShe Farmer’s Friend 
is the best and most economical dis¬ 
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standard treatment for seed grains. It 
absolutely rids seed grains of smuts 
and fungus groAvth, also scab and black¬ 
leg diseases of potatoes—destroys germs 
in stables, cellars, kennels and chicken 
houses. One pint bottle costing 35 c 
treats 40 bushels of seed. Write for 
the new illustrated Hand Book— FREE. 
PERTH AMBOY CHEMICAL WORKS 
100 WILUAM STREET - NEW YORK 7 
Millions of Fruit Trees 
Everyone erennine Harrison-grown, 
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b^ded from bearing orchards. 
Backed by more than . 
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«*yforl917FrtjitGuide—vree, umi 
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—.. Write to- 
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SAVE YOUR TREES 
Order your Protectors now and save 
your young Fruit Trees from being de¬ 
stroyed by Rabbits and Mice during the 
Winter. Call’s Nurseries, Perry, 0., 
can furnish you the best Tree Pro¬ 
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Large Rhubarb and Asparagus Roots 
For forcing in collar during Winter. EiiBily and 
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Directions for growing sent with each 
order. Catalogue free. NMIT l. tgURU. SmS Gnand, N. I. 
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crops yon know abont—alfalfa, wheat,'barley! etc - 
also oranges, grapes, olives and figs. Ideal for 
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•Autopower* 
CONCRETE MIXER 
Here’s the little mixer that does big 
work. Strong, sturdy and substantial. 
Built to last a lifetime. Mixes two wheel 
barrow loads of concrete every minute by 
the only method 
APPROVED BY THE 
U. S. OOVERNMENT 
Tou get perfectly mixed concrete with the 
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^ 516 Indltna AytniMb Laporte. Ind. 
Books Worth Buying 
Plant Diseases, Massee. 1,60 
Landscape Oardemng, Maynard.... 1.60 
Clovers, Shaw. 1.00 
How Crops Grow, Johnson. 1.60 
Celery Culture, Beattie...60 
Greenhouse Construction, Taft.1.60 
THE RHBAL HEW-YORKER, 
333 WEST 80th. ST., NEW YORK. 
