1370 
C*/ic RURAL. NEW-YORKER 
December 1, 1917 
Protecting Orchard From Vermin 
I have 500 young apple and pear trees, 
set two years, which need to be protected 
from rabbits and mice. What is the 
quickest and cheapest way to do the job? 
I want to save all time and expense pos¬ 
sible. I thought wrapping with building 
pajier would best fill the bill. How high 
up do the trrink.s need to be protected? 
M. s. P. 
The surest protection for a tree against 
vermin is fine wire netting, cut into strips 
the proper length, wmund around the base 
of the tree and fastened with wire or 
twine. This is .sure protection, but is 
expensive. Thin strips of wood veneer 
fastened around the tree in much the 
same manner would prove good protection. 
Some growers put cornstalks around the 
tree and tie them in place with twine. 
This serves fairly well for one season. 
The great trouble with paper is that it 
will soften when wet, and unless very 
carefully tied, the wind works under the 
edges and tears it, so that the paper 
works off. It is possible to put the paper 
on so that it will remain at least one 
full season, but wo have seen a number 
of cases where the paper was put on 
loosely and was torn off by the wind. A 
heavy grade of building paper would be 
best for this purpose, but it is not likely 
that it would give full protection for more 
than one season. The protector should 
cover the trunk at least feet if there 
are rabbits in the neighborhood, for they 
will often stand on their hind feet and 
gnaw the trunk above a narrow protector. 
Safety First—on the Spray Tower 
B. G. Pratt, Ji*., sends us the drawing 
shown at Fig. 632. It represents a safety 
perch for the man on the spray tower, 
and has been well tried out in Mr. Pratt’s 
Virginia orchard. He says: 
I have used this on our machines for 
two or three seasons now, and find that it 
woi'ks most satisfactorily, and believe it 
would be of considerable benefit to the 
fruit growers if they knew about such a 
thing. The one I have been using is a 
four-inch canvas belt about three feet 
long, with the ends riveted together and 
Safety Perch for Spray Operator. Fig.632 
suspended in the spray tower by four 
straps to the corners. These straps are 
drawn about as tight as they will go. 
AVhen a man has knocked around against 
the short angle-irons of a spray tower 
for a few days, he is liable to want to use 
almost any kind of a device that will ea'^e 
up on his bruises. 
Preventing Wash on Hillside 
Flow can I prevent washing on sloping 
land? I have a steep hillside under culti¬ 
vation and want the best plan to prevent 
this soil from washing this Winter. In¬ 
tend to sow rye, but that will be insuffi¬ 
cient alone. M. s. P. 
It is. of course, too late to sow rye now, 
if you expect to obtain anything like a 
fair stand. We have had good results 
from plowing such land in strips, work¬ 
ing across the face of the hill. The plan 
is to plow strips about two rods wide, 
and then leave five or six feet unplowed. 
Where a field is in sod this will give ex¬ 
cellent* protection. The water Avorks down 
over the plowed ground, strikes the un¬ 
plowed strips, and usually works out 
along through the furrow. These strips 
break the ffow of the water, and prevent 
most of the washing and gullying. In 
our hillside orchards we plow the middles 
across the face of the hill, and leave 
strips about six feet wide along the rows 
of trees. This goes into sod, and the 
grass is cut and piled around the trees. 
The water is held back by these unplowed 
strips, and does not gain force enough 
coming down hill to do serious damage. 
Don’t Sort Sweet Potatoes in Storage 
Usually a few rotten tubers are noticed 
in sweet potatoes soon after they are 
placed in storage. These tubers are gen¬ 
erally those which were cut or bruised in 
harvesting, and disease germs entered 
through the broken tissue, causing decay. 
The natural tendency is to sort over all 
the sweet potatoes when -sonn' decayed 
ones are noticed, to remove these with the 
idea of preventing the spread of rot 
among the healthy tubers. It is inadvi.s- 
able to do this, however, as has been 
demonstrated in a great many cases where 
sweet potatoes have been sorted over. It 
appears that handling the tubers spreads 
the decay germ.s much more than would 
be the case if culling were not resorted to. 
Also, handling the tubers makes small 
bruises which permit the germs to get into 
the tuber. The following figures obtained 
from a storage experiment with Yellow 
,Jersey potatoes which extended OA^er a 
period of five months Avill servo to illus¬ 
trate the bad effects of sorting: 
Shrink- Total 
age. Decay. Loss. 
r -I’er Cent.-, 
Aot sorted. 15.4 2.4 17.8 
Sorted once. 19.3 5.11 24.25 
Sorted three times. 19.2 15.1 ,34!3 
These figures indicate a .slightly greater 
loss by shrinkage (drying out) when 
sorting was resorted to, and a consider¬ 
ably greater amount of loss from decay. 
So if a few rotten tubers shoAv up in 
storage, it will only make matters Avorse 
to try to remoA-e them. The thing to do 
is to handle the tubers so carefully at 
harvest time that there will be no 
bruised or cut tubeiAS in storage in which 
the decay can start. The soft-rot fungus 
Avhich causes mo.st of the decay of sweet 
potatoes in storage is unable to enter the 
tubers through unwounded surfaces. 
J. T. R. 
Notes from Department of 
Foods and Markets 
204 Franklin Street, New York City 
Leaves for Fertilizers 
There seems to be a notion that leaves 
do not make good fertilizers. For sev¬ 
eral years I have been compelled to use 
anything I could get to put humus in the 
soil. The advent of the automobile has 
driven most of the hor.ses from our village, 
and the few who do keep horses obtain 
their straAV for bedding from some nearby 
farmer, and in retuni the farmer takes 
the manure. There is an abundance of 
trees in the village, and the leaves are 
considered a nuisance in the Fall and are 
raked together and burned. Several years 
ago I conceived the idea that they could 
be profitably used, and I collected them 
and used them as mulch for my straAvber- 
ry beds and raspberry plantations. To 
prevent their being blown away I weight¬ 
ed them down Avith a feAV cornstalks, pea- 
A’ines, turnip tops, etc. I found them 
preferable to straw, as they contain no 
foul weed seeds, and they packed to¬ 
gether so closely that they smothered out 
the AA'eeds and grass that might have been 
left in the beds, d also use them com¬ 
posted with sods, manure from the chick¬ 
en-house and lawn clippings, garbage, 
etc. About a foot of leaves are spread 
doAAm and then some eods, manure, gar¬ 
bage and other matter is piled on ; then 
another layer of leaA^es and another of 
sods, and so forth until the pile is of the 
size I Avant. This is left till another 
Summer when the pile is forked over, and, 
if di-y, the hose is turned on for a few 
moments. The pile is forked over three 
or four times during the Summer, and b.v 
Fall I have a fine lot of compost that I 
find A’ery handy. This is much better than 
anything I haA'e ever tided for potting 
Fall bulbs, for dressing over the lawn and 
for general use in the garden. 
Michigan. F. L. avright. 
There will apparently be more of an 
effort to save forest leaves this year than 
ever before. The scarcity of manure and 
fertilizers Avill make most people careful 
to save all forms of plant food. The 
leaves contain considerable potash, which 
is the one thing needful in fertilizers this 
year. We are collecting large quantities 
of leaves to be used as litter and bedding, 
and mixed in through the manure. They 
make a good foundation for a compost 
heap. A manufacturer in the West has 
devised a small press Avhich seems to do 
good service in baling these leaves. We 
haA'e found them good for almost any pur¬ 
pose except a direct mulch for straw¬ 
berries. The trouble Avith them there is 
that they mat doAvn too closely over the 
plants and are likely to smother them out. 
A coarser material like millet straw or 
cornstalks is better for mulching the ber¬ 
ries. 
November 23, 1917. 
Eggs. —Market remains firm, prices un¬ 
changed. Fancy hennery Avhites. 75 to 
8.3e; fancy hennery browns, 55 to 61c; 
nearby gathered white and mixed. 56 to 
70c; Avhite pullet, 52 to 00c. Candle your 
eggs before Shipping, and do not ship 
cracked eggs. Use ncAV cases with No. 1 
flats and fillers, placing excelsior on top 
and bottom. 
Butter. —Market firm and high. Best 
Westeni creamery, 46% to 47c; prime to 
fancy, 43% to 45e; fancy Eastern dairy, 
41 to 45c; Eastern dairy in mixed pack¬ 
ages, 40 to 43c. 
Lta-e Poultry. —Good demand for large 
colored foAvls. also small chickens. Fowls, 
20 to 24c; chickens, 23 to 24c; old roost¬ 
ers, 18 to 19c; State ducks, 22 to 24c; 
turkeys, 28 to 30c; geese, 22 to 23c. 
EMPTY COOPS. 
N. B.—All empty coops are turned over 
to the express companies promptly after 
arrival. We obtain a receipt for them. 
We are exerting every effort to induce 
the express companies to return them to 
the shipper promptly. Shippers who do 
not receive the coops promptly should 
Avrite us for a copy of the expre.s9 receipt, 
and have their local agent trace the Ship-, 
ment. or as a last resort, file claim Avith^ 
their local express agent for their loss. 
Ltatd Gatwes and Hogs. — Market 
steady. Prime. 15% to 15%c; fair to 
good. 14% to !l.5%c; common, 11 to 14c; 
live hogs, .$16.50 to $17.90. 
Dressed Veals and Dressed Pork.— 
Choice veals, 19% to 20c; prime, IS% to 
19c; common, 16 to 17c; buttermilks, 12 
to 14c. Dressed pigs. 12 to 20 lbs., 24 
to 28c; dressed pork, 21 to 25c. Dressed 
hot-‘house lambs, $12. 
Pears. —The oi'dinary run of Kieffers 
are selling from $1.50 to $2.50 bbl; fancy. 
$4. The demand is limited on account of 
sugar shortage; Seckels, $5 to $7.50; 
LaAAwence, $2.50 to $4. 
Quinces. —Fancy large, $4..50 to $5; 
No. 1, $3 to $4. Little demand, on ac¬ 
count of sugar shortage. 
Apples. — Tx)AV-grade apples selling 
sloAAdy ; fancy fmit in only fair demand, 
selling $4 to $6; McIntosh, $.3 to .$7; 
.Jonathan, $3 to .$6..50; Wealthy. .$3 to 
$5; SnoAV, $4 to $5..50; Spy. .$2.50 to $5; 
BaldAA'ins. .$3 to $4..50; Greening, $3 to 
$6; Ben Davis, .$2.50 to $3.50. 
IMaple Products and Honey. —Sugar, 
light, 17 to 19c lb.; syrup. .$1..50 gal.; 
cloA'er Avhite extracted, 16 to 18c; buck- 
Avheat, 13 to 14c; clover comb, 21 to 23c. 
Nuts. —Northern chestnuts, $8 to $10 
bu.: Southern, $7 to .$9. In light supply, 
good demand. 
Potatoes. —There is a large portion of 
potatoes arriving here in poor condition. 
Stock has been touched Avith the frost and 
selling accordingly. There is a light sup¬ 
ply of Stfite potatoes on this market this 
week. The large portion of the receipts 
are from Maine. Minnesota and ^Michigan. 
Second crop Virginia potatoes shoAv up 
good, selling .$3.25 to $3.75 bbl.; State, 
180 lbs., bulk. $3.75 to .$4; 168-lb. bags, 
$3.75 to $4; 150-lb. bags, $2..50 to $3.50; 
Maine, 180 lbs., bulk, $4 to $4.50; lOS-lb. 
bags, $4 to $4.25; Long Island, 180 lbs., 
bulk. $4.50 to $5; 168-lb. bags, $4.50 to 
$4.75. 
Onions. —Market Avrak. State white, 
100 lbs., .$2.50 to $3.75; yelloAvs, 100 lbs., 
$2 to $3; reds, $2 to $2.50. 
Beans.— The market has been well 
supplied here Avith Pacific Coast beans. 
Fcav beans coming from up-State. Market 
steady. MarroAV, 15 to 16%e; pea, 15 to 
15%c; red kidney, 13% to 16c. 
W Let 03 prove to you that we pay 
HIGHESTPRICFS. We pay exactly 
, what we quote and know you will be 
^pleased witnour LIBERAL GRADING. 
WULFSOHN 
A house you can depend upon. 
I We make no deductions of any kind, give 
I every shipment individual consideration 
regardless of how small or large. On 
account of our unusual outlet for 
furs, wo can actually pay you 
imoretnorey. Write for price list. 
fM. WuIftohn&Co. 
219 West 27th Street 
New York City 
More Cash for You!| 
Put your own assortment on your Raw Furs. I 
1 AVe guarantee to pay you your price (sometimes I 
I more) or return your furs. Write now for our | 
[ Price list D. Good News for X ou ! 
H. HAIMOWICZ, (est.1894) 
1266-067 Main St., i Paterson, N. J. | 
RAW FURS 
^^1 
Our prl<»s are always the highest the mar¬ 
ket affords. Liberal grading and prompt 
remittance guaranteed on all shipments. 
Send for Pur Price List 
Dqy id Blustein & Bro. 
ESU: Wesi St.New York 
HIGHEST PRICES 
Paid for all kinds of 
Raw Furs 
I need large quantities of all 
kinds of furs, and it will nay 
you to get my price list. 
I especially solicit furs from 
all northern and centi-al 
sections. AVrlte for my price 
list and shipping tags today to 
O. L. SLENKER 
P. O.Box M-2, East Liberty, O 
Ship 
Your 
RAW 
to US and 
increase 
your profit s. 
The fairness of 
our grading guarantees satis¬ 
faction. Thousands of satisfied 
shippers prove it. We pay ex¬ 
press and postage and make 
prompt returns. Sand lor pricelist. 
L. RABINOWITZ, 116 West 29th Street, New York City 
Raw Furs Wanted 
I will pay highest prices and give liberal assortment and 
square deal. Shipments held separate for approval up- n 
l-eqiieat. Send trial shipment at once. AA’ill pay t.d- 
ditional on shipments amounting to $26.00 or over. 
BEN CORN 
267 7th Ave. RAW FURS New Yoik 
Rcfercneea; German Exchange Bank and Bradetrecta 
Sabo Sure Catch Trap. De¬ 
signed to be placed in the ani¬ 
mals burrow. Your hardware 
dealer has them. Write ftir 
booklet. Agents AVanted. 
SABO TRAP MFC. CO. 
No. 3118 W. 25 St., Cleveland. O. 
SKUNK 
Muskrat, ahd'all raw Furs. Price list 
free. M. J. JEAVETT & SONS, 
UEDAVOOD, N. Y. - DEPT. 29 
IF you want books on farming of 
any kind write us and we 
will quote you prices 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
333 West Thirtieth Street, New York 
‘ We^ Pay Highest Prices • A. SUSKIND & CO, 
.-v r P.r om p t Retu rns '' ^ i 
Liberal' Assortment 156' WEST ^Tth STREET 
"v-Write for Pricelist now ‘..NEW YORK * 
Make This 
Your Big 
FUR 
YEAR 
1—Ship your pelts to the HOUSE 
of QUICK RETURNS-the 
HOUSE of LIBERAL ASSORT- 
MENTS. Send for S. & B. Pricelist. It’s free. 
STRUCK and BOSSAK, Inc. 
ISl West 28th Street, New York 
ShigUs Your,Raw Furs By Express 
We guarantee to hold all shipments entirely separate, and in case our valua¬ 
tions are not satisfactory we will return your goods at once, and pay all 
express charges both ways. 
H. A. PERKINS & CO. 
WHITE RIVER JUNCTION. VT. 
Relerences; Dun or Bradstreet Commercial Agencies— Any Bank 
