1469 
■Ghe RURAL NEW-YORKER 
GenereJ Farm Topics 
Factory System of Farming 
The discussion going on in The R. X.- 
Y. relative to future methods of farming is 
most interesting and timely. The factory 
system in manufacturing came with the 
invention of large and expensive machin¬ 
ery. AVhen wagons, shoes and tin pans 
were made with sunall hand tools the busi¬ 
ness of making these things was distrib¬ 
uted all over the country. When large 
machines displaced small ones the littler 
shops went out of business, and compara¬ 
tively few large manufacturing concerns 
succeeded them. I>ig machinery has now 
come to the farm. What will happen re¬ 
mains to be seen. 
It seems reasonable to believe that the 
land value tax Aeill, if adopted, help for 
a while to keep the land in the hands of 
real farmers. Let us hope also that the 
principle of “co-operation for the common 
good” will find favor among producers 
and consumers. Industrial autocracy is 
surely as dangerous to the welfare of the 
people as political autocracy. Let the 
discussion go on; it is as important as 
anything in your columns. 
.Xew York. J. Q. ukynoi.p.s. 
The Danger from Corporate Farming 
I fear some readers may think from my 
talk on page LlOl that I favor corporate 
farming, but it was only a statenumt of 
the conditions that exist, and the imi)end- 
ing ones. Far be it from me. but I hope 
it. and the truths already given, with 
others to follow by readers, will “throw 
a scare” and helj) ward off the trouble. 
It is the worst thing that could happen 
to the common people. It will be a sorry 
day for America when there are few lights 
shining at night for I'esident owners. We 
have a large-sized sample to measure it 
by now. The inheritor of a farm who 
sells it. the farm boy who leaves his father 
for the city, the hand who discards the 
farm, or the city man of moderate circum¬ 
stances who knows how to farm and does 
not go to it commits suicide unless there 
is a decided change in the outlook, ^'any 
()f their children will be beggars for bread. 
I rcmiarked in my talk “it would be im- 
jKissible inside a few decades to find food,” 
iind will now revise it to five years at the 
present rate. Men living in plenty now 
will be begging, or perhaps only in the 
soup line, unless there is a multitude to 
take the place of old growers failing, and 
the young fellows leaving. That is look¬ 
ing at it from the food side only, but turn 
over. 
Worse, they will be serfs inside of one 
generation. Can you see .any danger that 
would come from a combination of the 
land in the hands of tenants in your local¬ 
ity? If .vou cannot, you would be putting 
.your savings into it after it had Kk) to 
“(10 i)er cent water added to the purchase 
l)rice. Notice has been called to the dan¬ 
ger. It is worse than we all can tell, and 
it is now in order to ward it off by staying 
on the farm, by going to it. by electing 
those “no farmers.”'by organizing like the 
Dakota people, iind getting down to many 
other duties only talked of. , 
Ohio. W. W. UEVXOI.DS. 
Notes on English Farming 
From the English farm papers and re¬ 
ports we learn some curious things which 
show that human nature is much the 
same the world over. Formerly there wa.s 
a good demand at the Engli.sh mines for 
Iceland ponies. These little horses .are 
larger than Shetlands, and are useful for 
mine-working. The war has stopped i 
transportation to England, and the Ice- ^ 
landers are now trying to sell their i)onie3 
here — needing cornrneal or grain in 
exchange. 
.\.ll over England waste fruits and nuts 
are being utilized. Many tons of horse 
chestnuts have been gathered and pre¬ 
pared for .stock food. The usual plan is 
to crush the nuts and soak them in lime- 
water, which takes much of the hitter 
principle out of them. Then the paste 
is dried and ground. When mixed with 
oats or corn these nuts make a good cattle 
feed. Acorns are being handled in much 
the same way, or fed raw to pigs. 
I’lie milk problem in English towns is 
even wor.se than here. The government 
has tried to fix milk prices, but it cannot 
compel farmers to sell when they think 
they are losing money. At one town the 
farmers fixed the price at 12 cents a 
(|uart. The Food Control Committee 
ofl’ered 11 cents but farmers would not 
accept it. The result was that the farm¬ 
ers sent their milk to other places. Sev¬ 
eral thousand mill operators left their 
work and had a mass meeting denouncing 
the farmers. Yet no one took the trouble 
to find out whether 12 cents would leave 
any profit for a farmer. 
Under the English food laws the maxi¬ 
mum price for live pigs is i)ut at 21.6 
cents per pound.—the wholesale price for 
pork being 28.5 cents. Some butchers 
have tried to make dealers pay for the en¬ 
tire carcass, including the entrails, at the 
regular pork price. The Food Controller 
Diled that this was again.st the law. The 
Food (Controller has also fixed prices of 
butter at 54 to 5,S cents per pound.. 
A record is made of a billygoat which 
butted his way to fame as a lied Cross 
collector. This goat was the mascot of a 
regiment at the front, and was brought 
back to be sold at auction before various 
meetings. He was sold again and again, 
and finally earned .$818 for the lied Cross. 
The Food (Controller has made prices 
at which cattle feeds are to be sold- in 
Great Britain. Some of the feeds used in 
that country are not known here, hut com- 
pari.sons would be made with the follow¬ 
ing : 
Lin.seed of good quality.$95.00 a ton 
Soy bean meal. 92.50 
Bran . 6.5.00 
Middlings. 70.00 
Gluten feed. 8,5.00 
Hominy chopped. 87.50 
Gluten seed meal.. ... 97.50 
With these tremendous pri<es the price 
of milk wholesale to the farmers has been 
init at 42 cents per gallon. 
It is said there is such an aecumula- 
tion of wheat in Australia awaiting ship¬ 
ment. that 1.000 big vessels would be re¬ 
quired to transport it. while practically 
no vesels can be obtained. In the mean¬ 
time a plague of mice 1ms arisen where 
this wheat is stored. These mice have 
ali’eadv caused a loss of over five million 
di>llars in the wheat. In that dry country 
much of the wheat is stacked in baga 
outside of the buildings. An Australian 
paper states that in one night at one 
single stack seven tons of mice were 
caught, or a total of 5(M).()(K) mice. 
All over Great Britain the farmers’ 
meetings seem to be given up to a dis¬ 
cussion of the profit in grass land as com¬ 
pared with arable, that is land under cul¬ 
tivation. At one recent meeting it was 
stated that the grass land of England 
was feeding about 20 persons for each 100 
acres, while the arable lands feeds about 
84 persons from the same area. It re¬ 
quired the produce from 40.(KK) acres df 
grass land to fill one large ship, while 
.5(K)0 acres of average wheat land would 
do the .same. Put in another way, one 
acre of arable land produces 1.5fM) Ib.s. of 
flour, or six tons of i)otatoes. while that 
same acre would make about 100 lbs. of 
of meat if it were in grass. As a result of 
this discussion, great areas of pasture 
land are being i)lowed up and planted to 
grain and potatoes, but now the farmers 
are trying to figure out what will happen 
to them after the war if this great change 
in farming is kept up. 
For Half an hour the working-class 
audience had listened patiently to the lady 
who was speaking to them about nourish¬ 
ing cookery. 8he had talked about egg¬ 
less puddings and butterless cakes, ami 
now said ; “I will tell you about a splen¬ 
did .soup which can be made for-next to 
notlrng. Take the bones left over from 
your Sunday joint-” At that a man 
in the middle of the hall rose to his feet, 
and said to his mate: “’Ere, Bill, let’s 
get out o’ this. How many bones does 
she think there are in a pound o’ liver?” 
—London Farm and Home. 
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