^he RURAL NEW-YORKER 
34 
January 12, 1018 
Plant Good Trees or No Trees 
A mediocre six-foot apple tree may cost considerably less 
than a sturdy, healthy six-foot tree. But when it grows up to 
maturity the tables are turned. The sturdy tree can be 
depended upon to bear bountifully, while the mediocre tree 
costs more than twice as much in labor, spraying materials 
and anxiety. 
First Cost should not Be the Buying Standard. 
Quality is the important thing. 
Kelly Bros. 
fruit trees are quality trees—sturdy, healthy. Northern-grown 
specimens that have had the watchful care of the five Kelly 
Brothers. Each brother is responsible for his own department. 
He must see that no disease creeps in—that each tree is prop¬ 
erly labeled and packed. When a Kelly tree is sold, it bears 
the Kelly guarantee. And you don’t need to pay an agent’s 
or middleman’s commission. 
You pay only Direct-to-You prices. 
Order early this Spring. The freight congestion demands it. 
We can ship on any date you specify. 
Send for the 1918 catalog. It describes the choicest varieties, 
quotes low prices and tells about the Kelly Plan. 
Write for it today. It’s free. 
Kelly Bros. Wholesale Nurseries 
G1 Main Street Dansville, N.Y. ' 
Bros.&WeUs Co. 
aloney 
DANSVILLE N .Y. 
FRUIT TREES, 
Vines, Berries, Shrubs, 
Roses and Ornamentals 
grown in our Upland Nursery, the largest 
in New York State, under ideal climatic 
conditions. Guaranteed to give absolute 
satisfaction and sold to you at cost plus one profit only. 
For 34 years we have been reccivinK hundreds of letters like 
this one from the people who buy from our catalogue: 
^Jaloney Bros & ^Vells Co ^lonaca, Ba. 
Gentlemen: We are just finishing planting the 18,600 trees and Inishes purchased from you. All 
were received in first class order and we are justly proud of their appearance both before and 
after planting. I’lease accept thanks for your painstaking selection, also advice given for planting 
same and the many courtesies extended by your firm. V ery thankfully your- 
Maloney quality has become a recognized standard J- J - ALl-h-iS. jM i . 
by which all nursery stock is judged because 'we 
have given our personal attention to every step in the production or 
our stock from budding to shipping and know just what we are send¬ 
ing you and that our varieties bear and bioom true to name. 
\V« want von to havo a copy of our whoU-sale catalOKUO, tieautifully flluRtratdt in 
coloia, (loafi'lliiiiK die varieties yon need and how to plant theni. Alao folder 
TO CAUK KOlt TREKS AND PLANTS.” This free cataloBiie will tefi yon why 
you can save money by hnylni; direct, as we posillvely Ruaraiilee the qualfiy 
and sell ai cost pins one profit only—Write for your cataloKue today and get 
the valufthle i'oltier on the care of your trees and )»lants. 
BEARING AGE TREES A SPECIALTY 
MALONEY BROS. SWELLS CO. SL'i'VV. 
Dansville’s Pioneer Wholesale Nurseries 
CATALOGUE with COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS FREE 
Visit our 
400 
Acre 
Nurseries 
HOW 
26 TREES AND PLANTS FOR $2 
2 Apple—1 Delicious, I Oldenburg; 2 Teach—1 H»le, 1 St. 
.lohn: 2 Pear—1 Bartlett, 1 Seckel; 2 Cherry—1 Montmo¬ 
rency, 1 Blk. Tartarian; 3 Grape Vines-1 Concord, 1 
Brighton, 1 Niagara; 6 St. Regius Raspberry, 6 kldorado 
Blackberry, 3 Rfiuliarb roots. No. BXX Express Size frees 
mot prepaid) 5-6 ft. No. BX. Parcel I’ost SizcMprepnid) 
3-4 fC Trees.' All Plants 2 yr. No. 1 —Either Collection 
for $2. Guaranteed First Class and to arrive in good con¬ 
dition. Catalog of tYholesale Prices Free. 
THE WM.J.REILLY NURSERIES,61 Ossian Sf., Dansville, N.Y. 
Originators of "Half Asent’s Price,*’ 
Free Fruit Guide 
to all interested in growing better fruit. 
Accurately describes the best varieties for 
different sections and all seasons, leiis 
all about the famous Hamson-grown 
trees. Send today for a free copy. 
ritons’ Nurseries Box l4 Berlin, Md. 
GUIDE 
For 69 years the leading authority 
Jrvw on Vegetable, Flower and Farm 
, Seeds, Plants and Bulbs. Better 'iq'IO 
eady than ever. Send for free copy today. 4 x o 
For 
iMES VICK’S SONS 
39 SlonC' Street 
Rochester, N. Y. 
The Flower City 
These big, juicy plmns are the 
most delicious fruit you evei 
/ tasted. They measure up to 2 
inches in diameter and aie vei-y 
m JT heavy producers. 
K prof. HANSEN’S WANETA 
I The Waneta Plum is the pride ^ofessor Hansen, 
I foinousfruitexpert. They tinive excel 
I lently in all climates and are very quick 
I producers, bearing fruit in 2 yea”. 
■ mv catalof? and find out al] about this 
I fa^ou. plum?in5 my hundreds of other seed 
■ and nursery stock bargains, 
I D. B. GURNEY, Pres. 
■ oilBNEV SEED & NURSERY CO 
I 160 Gurney Square, Yankton, S. D 
Send for FREE CATALOG 
»i!!!GRAPE-VINE$ 
69 varieties. Also Small Fruits, Trees, etc. Best rooted 
stock. Genuine, cheap. 2 sample vines mailed for 10c. Des- 
crlptivecatalogfree. LEWIS ROESCH.BoiL.Fredonia.N Y- 
will (hvilff :iii(l kill it. Thus tho iiropor 
jilaii is t(i th(‘ (’iniiifla ix'as with the 
oat.s and cut the (•(unbilled ci'(i]i in .Inne 
or .Tidy fci- hay. "I'hen phiw or chop np 
th(‘ sod find snw cow pmis for a late f( (1- 
der or hay crop. 'I'lie thing to remeniher 
is that ('an;id;i jieas like cool weather, 
while cow jieas must have hot weathi’r. 
In seeding, we nsnally sow five pecks of 
Canada peas and 2^4 bushels of oats to 
the acre. The ])eas' do liett r when they 
are phintc’d deeper tlnin e oats. We 
usually sow the jieas'on to] of the ground 
and plow or choji them ni, >r with a disk 
or cutaway. Th(‘n sow tl oiits find har¬ 
row in. Many farmers mix the oats and 
peas and drill them in together. 
The Culture of Chicory 
This vegetabh' has a variety of u.se.s, 
the tojis being used as “greens” early in 
the Sjiring. the blanched shoots from 
forced roots iiri’ used as salad in the Win¬ 
ter. this being the famous witloof or harbe 
de cajiucine of the French ; the matnri'd 
roots are used as a fresh vegf'tahlo in a 
manner similar to jiarsnips, and the roots 
are iilso msed vi’ry extensively iis a sub¬ 
stitute for coffi'e. Even when used as a 
fresh vegetable tin’ roots have a distinct 
cofT(’e-likc flavor, which is distitstcfnl lo 
SOUK’ Ticojilc. Dcsjiife its nsefiilncss the 
croji dof’s not seem to have “caught on” 
very extensively as yet with American 
gardeners, though consifh'riihle (juantities 
of roots are now being grown for forcing 
jiurjioscs since the foreign supjfly has h('en 
cut off by w’ar conditions 
For any of the various uses, the seeds 
are sown eiirly in the Sjiring on a rich, 
fincly-jirejiared seedbed, planting thinly 
in drills 12 or IT) inches ajfart. The best 
roots ari’ grown iuid iire most easily har¬ 
vested on sandy soils. A mass of grium 
If'iives is jirodnced in about eight weeks, 
which may he nsi'd for greens. In the 
South the h(’at of Siimm'’r causi’s the 
plants to send iij) se«‘d stalks. These 
.should he removed unless a croj) of seed 
is desired. The roots should he an inch 
in diiimi’ter, find s'x or eiglit indies long, 
by Fall. Aftm- the roots have been sub¬ 
jected to a good hard freezi’ outdoors, thi’y 
should he dug with a sjiadiiig fork or 
tiirni'd out with a jilow. The roots may 
be stored in cool cellar.s. outdoor pits or 
in root-banks for use during the Winter, 
storage conditions about the same as those 
for parsnijis being reiinired. Or the roots 
can be left in place in the garden, jiroti’ct- 
ing them ovi’r Winter with a light mulch 
of manure. These roots will make a mass 
of leaves very early in the Sjtring, which 
are used for greens. The hhincln’d sjirouts 
for salad jmrjfoses cfin also be grown from 
these roots early in the Sjiring, by cover¬ 
ing the tojfs of the roots with six inches 
of loose strawy manure or soil. 
The roots harvested in tlie Fall and 
jilficed in storage nmy he used eitlier for 
food as any other root crop, coffee substi¬ 
tute may he made of them, or they may he 
us(‘d for forcing at any lime during the 
Winter, for production of witloof, which 
brings good jirices on thi* big markets all 
through the Winter, being marketed in 
small baskets and sold by the pound. For 
forcing, the roots are brought into a mod¬ 
erately warm cidlar or greenhouse, and 
bedded in sand or earth. The roots an* 
jilaci’d ujfriglit. side by side, find covered 
to a depth of eight or 10 inches with sand. 
When kejft moist and at a temjierature of 
n.D to 00 (h’grei’s F. the roots send out 
erect shoots or rosettes of lefives from the 
ci'own. These are cut wlien they refich 
the surface of the bed. Growing beneath 
the Sfind gives the beautiful white blanch¬ 
ing. Hestier Bros, of Dos INIoines, la., 
grow about one-hfilf acre of chicory yearly, 
for forcing jHirjfoses filone, using the space 
beneath raised benches in their lettuce 
greenhouses for this work. 
Chicory makes an excellent coffee sub¬ 
stitute. and when sold as chicory and not 
as coffee, there is no objection lo its use. 
Perhaps more of us will start growing our 
morning cuji of coffee in our gardens in 
the shape of chicory, when war conditions 
force the real article off the market. For¬ 
merly most of the chicory grown for this 
purjjose was produced in Eurojie, jirimar- 
ily because it was claimed that the im- 
jKirted root was superior to our home¬ 
grown root for tills purpose. Then, too, 
the expense and labor of growing and har¬ 
vesting this crop on a field scale has 
largely discouraged attempts to grow it 
commercially in America, though special 
^'.eGifiies have been designed for digging 
1 
and handling the roots in large quantities. 
Perhajis this industry will be deveiojfed 
since the cutting off of the imported .jirod- 
iict from Belgium and France. In jire- 
jiaring chicory roots for sale as a coffee 
substitute, the jirocess used involves the 
fdllowing steps: After harvesting the 
roots are carefully topjfod and washed, 
they are jiassed through a machine which 
niiicerates the roots into a fine jmlp.'” After 
jiartial drying the J'oot-paste is mohh’d 
into the shape of coffee berries and baked 
to comiflcte dryness. The pressed “ber¬ 
ries” are then given a final touch of shel¬ 
lac in order to give them the appearanee 
find lustre of real coffee beans. Of course 
the latter part of this jirocess is entirely 
for effect on the marketing quality of the 
product. For all jfracticjil purposes the 
root-paste can be evaporated to dryne.ss 
and then ground to jiowder. msing in place 
of coffee in this form. This jirocess could 
he carried out by almost any gardener 
who cared to jiroduee his own coffee. 
.1. T. K. 
The Velvet Bean 
I see a good deal about the velvet bean 
and the possibility of .soon obtaining it for 
feed jnirpo.ses in unlimited quantities. I 
do not know anything about thl.s bean, or 
if it is a bean in constituent-s and char- 
iicteristics liki* common Northern beans. 
If it has similar digestible nutrients to 
the common bean it is surely a valuable 
food or stock food. As a milk food for 
cows, nothing equals the bean or bean 
meal. The Ix'iin is aheiid of jieas as a 
milk-jiroducing concentrate. McLure. a 
good iiiithority. recommends a quart of 
bean meal twice a day for a dairy cow, 
fed jirf’ferably in a thin mush of water; 
warm water in Winter, as the concen¬ 
trates of a riition, and considers two 
quarts a day to a .lersey cow in milk suffi¬ 
cient in addition to the roughage find 
roots or silage. Beans, however—that is. 
ordinary Ix’ans—would he dear feeding 
just now, selling ifs they are here for 17c 
a jiound. But thi’se velvet beans, surely 
they are a godsend in these time.s of im- 
jiossible juiced concentrates. 
Several years ago I ground a lot of 
beans at the local mill and fed them to 
mir milch cows with good results, hut I 
(lid not feed them alone, nor soaked in 
watf’r. I f('d them witli hriin and other 
grain mixture. Mlhen the common Ixuin 
is a good croji they are a (juite cheap form 
of home-jiroduced concentrate. I think 
liirger quantities of them can Ix’ rais('d 
than of jfeas. As regards the Soy Ixuin, 
that has never done wi’ll with me. I tried 
them also .severitl years with corn in at- 
temjiting to grow the Bobc'rtson Ensilage 
Mixture, which wiis a sort of comjflete 
ration composed of corn. Soy b(‘ans find 
sunflowers, each supjilying. or supjiosed 
to siipjdy, one of the fundamental constit¬ 
uents, carhohydrates. jirotein and fat. 
This mixture is not grown now to my 
knowledge. f)ur climate is tixi moist for 
growing Soy beans, though the big Scarli’t 
Kiinner h(‘an grows here to jierfection, 
and might he good for the jiurpose. Tlx’ 
horse bean was first I’ecommended by 
Bohertson, hut this bean does not aji- 
jiarently do well in Ganaila. It ought to 
do well here in this climate, except Unit 
the soil is too liglit. The English horse 
bean requiri’S a heavy clay soil. I think 
myself our stockmen have not given 
enough attention to beans as a cheajily 
home-grown concentrate, and it is my 
view that we are all justified in giving 
beans a further trial next Spring. 
Prince Edward Island. ,r. A. ii’ixiXAi.'i. 
MTeat, from .$2.10 to $2.20 per hu.. 00 
lbs.; oats, SO to OOcTpi’ bi'-- 82 lbs.; corn. 
$1.20 to $1.25, per bu., 50 lbs.; rye, $1.50 
to $1.75 jier bu., 50 lb.s. Potatoes. $1.25 
to .$1.40 jier bu., 00 lbs.; milk, $8.12 to 
.$8.40 per 100 lbs., at creameries, f'hick- 
ens. 21 to 28c jier lb.; turkeys, 85 to 45c, 
dressed ; 80 to 85c, live. Apples, $1 to 
$1.25 per bu. Cows, fat. $00 to $80 per 
head ; milkers, $75 to $100; store feeders 
from 0 to 11c per lb. D. ». t’. 
Berks Go.. Pa. 
Corn, local price, $1 per bu.; wheat, 
$2; rye. $1.50; oats. 65 to 75c; potatoes, 
7.5c to $1. Feeds, jier 100 lbs.: Oilmeal, 
.$8.25; bran, ,$2.60; middlings, .$2.S5. 
Hay, Timothy, $15 to $18. Steers, 8 to Oc 
Jier lb.; cows. .$75 to $125 each; calvi’s, 
11 to 13c per lb.: pigs, per pair, .$8 to 
$10; shiites, $10 apiece; pork, 20c per Ih. 
Flutter. 50c per lb.; eggs. 40 to 50c jier 
d(iz.; poultry, IS to 20c jicr Ih. Milk. 7 
to 8c per qt., bottled; .$8 jier 100 lbs. in 
bulk. 1). I). II. 
York Co., Pa. 
