RURAL NEW-YORKER 
167 
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Less Wfork—More Milk 
“THE JAMESWAY’* will show you how to accomplish greater harn 
results, with less effort—how to increase your milk yield even if you are a marn or 
two short. Labor is the big farm probleni now—with a lot of men gone to war 
and many others attracted to different industries. But why worry about that when 
a new JAMES barn, JAMES-equipped, or new equipment in an old or remodeled 
barn, may be more than equal to the help you’ve lost. 
Shortage of man power on the farm and a world-wide demand for greater milk 
production have come at the same time. The dairyman will have to reduce the 
amount of his barn work—make it easier. He must substitute machinery for human 
muscle. He must force his cows to give more milk, with less effort on his own part. 
iTAfflCS Sanitary Barn Equipment 
looks as if sonio classos of farmors aro 
/ 
lying down : ovory ])ai)('r is full of stories 
about sf-areity of labor. Where are the 
women? I will undertake today, with 
the assistance of my good wife, to milk 
10 cows twice a day, clean and keep 
clean th(> baims. make .lO tons of hay, four 
acres of silo corn, one-half acre potatoes, 
home v('getables. i-:iis(' eight to tf'u calvt's 
a year. 100 head poultry, cut and haul 
111 coi’ds of wood and loO cakes of ice. 
ab.solutely without any Indp but my wife. 
Corn would be plantc'd clu'ck-row: 
manure hauled out in October. Xovmnlx'r 
and March; plowing in November; disk¬ 
ing April and May ; planting .May and 
.lune; side line of 10 to Ifi hogs. We have 
both b('en brought up to it. like it, know 
it to be the best life on earth. Time 
simply flies, and in the Winter on many 
days would be abh* to sp<>nd our day la'st- 
ing betw(>en feeding hours. Tin* whole 
trouble seems to be that the avu'rage 
farnuM- farms far too much land. It is 
innch better to farm 12.“) acres thoroughly 
than no actM's by half; it saves labor, 
money, and time. 
()f course there have to be sonu' large 
farms, and in thi*se cases, get married 
imui. give them good hotises, give their 
children all the work you can and pay 
'hem for it. Farmers are bred; it is 
Old and New Style in Time 
Please inform me abotit the clutnge of 
time. “Old ■Style"’ and “New Style.” Why 
■was the change? When and by whom and 
where was the change made? I have an 
imi)ortant date, March 2. 1758. “New 
Style.’" What would it be “Old Style""? 
I hoi)e you can e.xi)lain the matter to me ; 
also the change in the days in the month 
of March. A. M. c. 
“Old Style"’ is the .Julian Cabuidar. 
adopted by Rome to put an end to the 
confusion resulting from the older Roman 
system which calculated the days of the 
month luickward from three fixed peiuods. 
the Calends, the Nones, and the Ides. 
The Calends w.as the first day of the 
month, the Nones the ninth day before 
the Ides, and the Ides the middle of the 
month, either the 18th or 15th. The 
months consisted of 29 and .’U) days alter¬ 
nately, and as there were but 10 months, 
a number of additiomal days were added, 
and later an additional month was intro¬ 
duced every second year. .Vs a result of 
this confusion by the year K! 1>. (’. there 
was a difference of three months between 
the Roman civil year and the astronom¬ 
ical year. With the helj) of an Egyi)tian 
astronomer. (’a‘sar fixed our present ytuir 
of 3()5 days, with a year of 8(!(! days 
every fourth year, but the .lulian Calen¬ 
dar was still inaccurate, each year being 
II minutes 14 seconds too long. Ry the I 
sixteenth century the calendar w.as about 
10 days wrong. Astronomers had en¬ 
deavored to correct the fault, and in 15S2 
Pope Cregory XIII issued a bull annul- 
ing the 10 accumulated d.ays, and recog¬ 
nizing October 5 as October 15. A new 
c.alendar was jirepared, bringing the civil 
and astronomical year in harmony, and 
this is our jua'sent division of time, the 
Cregorian Calendar, or “New Style.” 
France, Si)ain. Portugal and i)arts of 
Italy immediately adopted the Oregoriiin 
Calendar, Scotland adopted it in KiOO, 
and most of the Oernuin states adopted it 
by the end of the seventeenth century. 
England did not adopt the change until 
1752. the C.alendar (New Style) Act of 
Parliament being passed in 1750. P.y 
this time the diflViauice in time amounted 
to 11 days, and this was rectified b.v call¬ 
ing September 2. 1752, Seiitember 14. 
Your date in March. 1758. would, there¬ 
fore. he the leg.al date in Creat Rritain 
and her colonies, and .all other countries 
except those belonging to tin* (Ireek 
Church, hut as many ignorant or pia'- 
judiced ix'ojjle (a)ntinued to cling to the 
Julian Calendar. |)eople juit “O. S.” or 
“N. S.” .after their dates in import.ant 
transactions. St.ates belonging to the 
Creek Church still cling to (he .Julian 
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Calendar, and are now about 18 days he- ' 
hind the rest of Europe in their chron¬ 
ology. 
The Wife as Hired Man 
I see tlnua* is a movement on foot to 
try to i)ass a haw to allow Asiatic laborers 
to come in for the duration of the war, 
for farm and other work. The majority 
•of the people who are 'wanting this 
class of labor are evidently contractors, 
and jmssibly it might be suitable where 
they could be worked in large gangs and 
kei)t together, but I advise every farmer 
to avoiil them like a red-hot coal. You 
have only to go back a very few years 
and see what trouble Canada had when 
thousands of Hindoos came to Rritish 
Columbia to work. It almost made a 
bre:ik in good relations when Canad:i 
found what she had on hand, and refused 
to allow more to land. It must be very 
clearly borne in mind that these men, as 
a rul(>, come from a troi)ical climate and 
ai'(' practically Useh'ss in a cold counti'y 
in Winter. I ask any New England 
farmer to think just for one moment 
what it would mean to leave your women 
folks unprotected at home, and have a 
gang of these men come to the house, 
and scare the life out of the women and 
children in lonely houses and hamlets. I 
had it happen to my wife, and never 
again if I can help it. The.se pt'ople have 
a totally different mode of living to any 
of us, and they have not proved to be 
cai)a'ble of heavy ct)nstant work. 1 
Talking about labor, what is the mat- 
fer with some of us anyhow? It really | 
useless to get a man from a factory and 
pay him big wages for f:irm work. Peo¬ 
ple have to r('aliz<> that to know cattle 
of all kind.s. feculing to prc'vent sickiu'ss. 
and get bi'st rt'snlts. .all the ins .and outs 
of bre(>ding stock. lai.<l (uiriching. (U'op 
I'otations. butt('r-making. tool-repaii'ing 
and handling. I In* 101 little dilliiailties 
that ci'op up all at. oiuaa can only be 
<lone by y('ai's of ('xiau'ietua'. I’arming 
is a tradi'. and a most complicated one. 
but one which will give, good results if 
labor, overhead t'xpensi's, .ami waste aia' 
cut down to a minimum, if ('very farmer 
and his wif(' would use my ])rogram 
we could feed the world. In 14 years 
your son or daughter could take the 
mother’s plac('. but never forget that 
ihe great('st mistake is not to pay your 
boy or girl every month, and give him a 
share in tlu' farm. More boys and girls 
leave home for this reason than for any 
otlu'i'. 
Si'bago I.ak('. M('. 
Beech Shingles 
On page (iS is an imiuiry from up here 
in Vermont, regarding the advisability of 
using Ix'ech for shingles. IVe hav(' her(' 
two vari<'ties of Ix'ech. the red. and tlu' 
white, these naim's being given on ac¬ 
count of the color of the wood. '^Fhe 
white be('ch. if u.s(>d for shingles, would 
last ’ but a very few years. Neither 
would the sap-wo(Hl of the red b('ech. 
Rut the heart-wood of the I'od b('ec'h. if 
clear and sound, would last as long as 
spruce, or longer. If there are knots in 
the wood, decay will soon set in around 
the knots, and there are very .-iijt to be 
hingitudinal s(i’('aks of a lighter color 
through the wood, "riiese are of a punky 
nature and will soon decay, and .so will 
the .sound wood, if in contact with the 
ground. I onc(' kiu'w of a rail fence 
mad(' of ri'd Ix'ech. ami nmny of the rails 
wen' in good couditiim afti'r (!() yt'ars of 
s('rvic('. I h:ive known of but oiu' in¬ 
stance wh('r(' be('ch shingles hav(' Ix'en 
us('d. In that case tlu'y had to be n'- 
l)Iac('d aft('r 12 y('ar.s. but only b('cause 
.sap-wood was u.sc'd, as w('ll as many 
shingh's with tlu' punky streaks in them, 
'riu' .sound portions of the heart-wood, 
were. ap|)ar('ntly, good for a gr<'at many 
mor(' y('ars. If gr('('n -beec-h shingles are 
suddenly exi)o.sed to a hot sun. they will 
shrink .'ind crack, but if seasoned slowly 
befoia* Ix'ing laid tlx'ix' will be no trouble 
on this jicconnt. If. as suggest('(I, tliey 
are sawi'd It! inclu's long, and half an inch 
thick at each ('ud. there will Ix' dead-air 
sp.-ices, and tin' roof will b(' much warmer, 
but. unless tlu' roof is prc'tty steej), 
they will not lay as w<'ll as regular 
shingles. If you hav(' tlx'in of ('ven 
thickness, Ix'tter make tln'in two f('et 
long. 
Still, the saw-bill will be double that 
for siiwing spruce shingles. Tlu'y will 
Ix' heiivier to handh' and Inirch'i" to nail, 
:ind theri' will b(' a gr('at deal of w.aste 
of sap-wood. Moi'eov('r. rc'd bec'ch logs, 
suitabh' for making shingh's. will s('ll for 
('onugh. when loach'd on the cars, to pay 
for more . Washington rc'd-wood shingles 
than can be cut from the logs. Still red 
beech shingh's will give good satisfaction 
if the impiirer cares to use them, o.o.o. 
“S.\.\ggi.ks is worrying because hi.s 
baby girl is lU'arly thr('(( years old and 
has not begun to talk yet.” “lie needn’t 
worry. She’ll inak(' up for it lat('r.” 
“That’s what’s worrying him.”—Ruffalo 
Express. 
James Manufacturing Company 
FD30 Cane St.. Ft. Atkinson. Wis. 
■ I have. 
cows. 
will enable yo7i to do these things, at the same time taking the place of labor which is hard to get. 
“The Jamesway” book, which we will send if you answer the questions in the coupon, should be 
your chief assistant when you build a new barn, or remodel 
the old one, or install new equipment in the barn as it stands. 
In it you get floor plans, directions for plank frame construc¬ 
tion, advice about location, lighting, drainage, ventilation, 
etc., and full descriptions of such labor-saving, milk-increas¬ 
ing equipment as Stalls, Stanchions, Pens, Carriers, Drink¬ 
ing Cups, Ventilators, etc. 
For barn plan service—for brass-tack reasons why James Drinking Cups, 
for instance, pay for themselves in one season; for complete barn infor¬ 
mation, you need ‘‘The Jamesway.” Fill out the coupon and mail today. 
I 
I am interested in the items checked: 
Building and arrangement of the dairy barn. 
Handling the Manure- 
James Manufacturing Company 
FD30 Cane Street 
Ft 
Atkinson 
Wis 
Saving Barn Work_ 
Bigger Milk Yields_ 
Name__ 
B, 
O. 
R. R. Station- 
R.P.D_ 
State- 
All Sorts 
