RURAL NEW-YORKER 
i95 
Cultivate one habit — 
the habit of using KEEN 
K U T T E R Garden Tools, 
You’ll find in them the solu¬ 
tion of many of your garden 
cultivation problems. 
Why? Because these tools 
are designed and built espe¬ 
cially for the work they are to 
do. Where particular shapes 
or angles are required, where 
special strength-giving fea¬ 
tures of construction are need¬ 
ed,KEEN KUTTERhasthem. 
And there's economy in their use. 
Made from highest grade steel and 
having straight-grained hickory 
handles, KEEN KUTTER Garden 
Tools are built to stay on the job 
under most earnest usage. 
Ask your dealer to sliow them 
or get our Garden Tool Booklet 
No. 1646F. 
SIMMONS 
HARDWARE COMPANY 
Manufacturers and Distributers 
St. Louis New York 
Philadelphia Toledo Minneapolis 
Sioux City Wichita 
LET US TAN 
YOUB HIDE. 
Horse or Cow hide, Calf or other skins 
with hair or fur on, and make tlieiu 
into coats (for men and women), robes, 
nitj'S or Klovfs wlien so ordered. Your 
lur goods will cost yoUle.s than to buy 
them and be wortli more. 
Our illustratod catalog gives a lot of 
Informal ion. It tells how to take off 
and care for hides; how and when we 
pay the freight both ways; about our 
sale dyoing procoa. on eow and hor.se 
hide, calf and other skins; about the 
fur goods and game trophies we sell, 
taxidermy, etc. , _ 
Then wc bays rect...., got out an¬ 
other we call our Faahloii book, wholly 
devoted to fashion plates of mulfs, 
iicekwear and other fine fur garments, 
with prices ; also fur garments remod¬ 
eled and repaired. 
You can have either book by 
your correct address naming" 
both hooks if yon need both, .\ddress 
TIhe Crosby Frisian Fur Company, 
571 Lyell Ave., Roebester. N. Y. 
IWERTHAN 
W 
■ If ki\ 11 
1 PAYS 
■ highest 
1 PRICES 
■ empty 
■ BAGS 
CASH FOR 
EMPTY B^GS 
We pay highest pnees and 
alsofreightcbarges. Be sure 
to get our prices before dis¬ 
posing of your bags. They’re 
worth money to yon and we’ll 
1 pay you best cash price for them 
as soon as received and assorted. 
(Write ns at once stating how 
t/mi tintrA 
1 WERTHAN BAG COMPANY | 
1 66 Dock Street St. Louis, Mo. | 
IF you want books on farming of 
any kind write us and we 
will quote you prices 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
’ 333 W'*'"* Thirtieth Street, New York 
( C -a 
N. y. State Fruit Growers’ Association 
(Continued from ptige ISO.) 
It i.s important a careful survey be 
made of the volume of fruit to be "han¬ 
dled. Accommodations should be provided 
to handle a maximum crop, but unneces¬ 
sary space should be elitninated. If there 
is a prospect of increased business in a 
few years, buildings should be constructed 
so they can be enlarged at a minimum 
cost. At this time it would not seem ad¬ 
visable to go into detail regarding type 
fif buildings or nature of equipment which 
lias ju-oven most successful. Much study 
should be given the floor jilan with refer¬ 
ence to points of receiving and unloading 
fruit, space for temporary storage of 
packed iind unp.-icki'd and proper location 
of sizers. In determining the site for the 
central packing lauise a few fiictors are 
lm{)ortant. It should by all means be 
on a railroad siding, he as central to the 
area of production as possible, and at a 
point accessible to hihor. When pos,siI)le, 
it should 'be located in connection with a 
cold storage plant where fruit ma 3 ' be 
transferred Yvithout extra loading. 
“The Federal I’acking and Grading 
I-aw" was discns.sed by II. C. Iletzel, 
Washington, D. C. lie said he had visit¬ 
ed representative orchards in all parts of 
the country, and also made a study of 
•State packing laws, and studied the h-uit 
marketed, and obtained the opinions of 
the dealers. I found that apple grading 
laws are favored by growers and dealers 
everywhere and many are enthusiastic 
about them. I concluded tli.at there is 
an absolute need for a practical apple 
grading ^aw, so this point we ma.v con¬ 
cede. We find the majorit.v of growers 
do not try to get in touch'with dealers 
and consumers and find out wliat is 
wanted. The result is that much fruit is 
wasted, because it goes to the wrong mar¬ 
ket for it. 'Specifications in grading laws 
must be made simple, easily nnder.stood, 
yet definite and practicable. Again, a 
law is of little benefit if only partially en¬ 
forced. Laws .should be alike in main 
essentials in all States, because fruit is 
niarketed from one State into other 
Stiites. If these laws are not uniform, 
much trouble results because of different 
standards in different States. The Cana¬ 
dian apple grading law is a very good 
model for a nuiver.sal law. It is oiie that 
has worked well. It proves that one uni¬ 
form law, adopted by all the States, is an 
end to work for. 
Prof. L.von of Cornell T'niversity, on 
“Fflects of (’over Crops on Nitrates.” 
said that sometimes crops are raised lie- 
tween the trees of gi’owiug orchards, tlie 
ground being thus occupied during the 
Spring and Summer. This i>ractice is 
likely to result in a diminished supply of 
nitrates, but some kinds of jilants have 
a greater effect on the depression of ni¬ 
trates than have others. If the .soil on 
which Tinioth.v, oats ;ind corn are grow¬ 
ing is tested for nitrates it will he found 
that almost none of this ver.v easil.v avail¬ 
able form of nitrogen is found under Tim¬ 
othy at any time, while more is to be 
found under oats during the early part of 
the Summer and eonsiderahl.v more under 
corn. In fact, it .sometimes happens that 
during pai-t of the Summer there is as 
much nitrate nitrogen in corn Land as in 
cultivated soil with no crop on it. This 
would suggest that corn is a less injurious 
crop for inter-planting in young orchards 
than the other mentioned. This indi¬ 
cates clearly that orchards in which graas 
grows permanently have less nitric nitro¬ 
gen available for use by the trees than do 
orchards that have a cover crop planted 
to a crop like corn. It still remains to 
be proved that poorer growth in sod- 
covered (irdiards than in cultivated ones 
is due to an insufficient supply of nitrates. 
There is some indie.ation that the nitro¬ 
gen rather than the moisture is the dom¬ 
inant factor in the better growth of trees 
in cultivated land. This is indicated by 
thf_ comparatively slight difference in the 
moisture content of the rye aud Tim- 
otliy plots in experiments previously quot¬ 
ed as comi>ared with the enormous differ¬ 
ence h(‘tween these two plots witli resjiect 
to their content of nitric nitrogen. 
At no time did the iiercentage of 
moLsture in the Timothy plot f.all to a 
l)oint that would suggest a deficienc.v of 
moisture. On the other hand, the supply 
of nitric nitrogen in the Timothy soil 
stood at zero during most of the growing 
period, Yvhile tlie cpiantity of this form of 
nitrogen ro.se to 20 pounds in the upper 
eight inciies of land on which rye was 
used as a cover croj). 
The uniforml.v low range of nitrates in 
grass laud as compared with land on 
which other crops arc gi'owiug is jiroh- 
abl.v due to some cause not yet ex¬ 
plained. It is not merely a matter of 
grass removing more nitrogen from the 
soil, for au acre of Timotliy hay usually 
contains loss nitrogen than does an acre 
of oats or corn. In a number of lysi- 
meters at the Cornell Experiment Station 
these cro{)s were raised aud their content 
of nitrogen determined. The drainage 
water from the soil on which each crop 
grew w.'.s also collected, analyzed aud the 
nitrogen per acre was calculated. It was 
found that the grasses contained less 
nitrogen per acre than did oats or corn, 
and that the nitrogen in the drainage 
water from the gra.sses Yvas also less. 
There seems, therefore, to have been less 
available nitrogen in the soil on which 
the grasses grew, although the soil was all 
from the same place. Evidences point to 
a directly depressing influence of grass 
on Trtr;ite formation. YV. II. J 
remember in the spring, Mac, I applied V-C Fertilizer to my 
corn land. YOU didn’t think ’twould pay. What happened? 
Where no fertilizer was used, my yield was about the same as yours. 
But where fertilized, the yieM per acre was 13 bushels more. It only 
cost $3 per acre to get those extra 13 bushels. <- • 
“Now I’ve '•urned in my hogs. As fast 
as they consume 13 bushels of corn they 
put on over 100 pounds of weight. It’s 
just plain business sense to convert $3 
worth of fertilizer into $20 worth of 
pork. 50 acres of my corn land will 
make $1,000 more profit on hogs than 
was possible without V-C. 
“You’ve been going on the idea that 
you would raise livestock and get ma¬ 
nure, to keep from buying fertilizer. 
Why don’t you use V-C Fertilizer so 
that you can grow more corn—raise 
more livestock—get more manure?” 
There are lots of men like Mac whose 
farms are under-productive because 
they do not replace the plant foods each 
crop extracts. 
Other farmers are making big profits 
—converting chemicals into cash. Join 
them! V-C Fertilizers contain every 
element needed to make both stalk and 
fruit—many analyses for different soils 
and crops. Write us for the name of 
an agent near you who sells them. Or¬ 
der your fertilizers now because of the 
freight congestion. 
Virginia-Carolina Chemical Co. 
(Incorporated) 
New York City, Cincinnati, Ohio, Balti¬ 
more, Md., Fort Wayne, Ind., Richmond, 
Va., Norfolk, _Va., Alexandria, Va., Dur¬ 
ham, N. C., Winston-Salem, N. C., (Charles¬ 
ton, S. C., Columbia, S. C., Atlanta, (^a., 
Athens, Ga., Savannah, Ga., Columbus, Ga., 
Gainesville, Fla., Jacksonville, Fla., San¬ 
ford, Fla., Montgomery, Ala., Birmingham, 
Ala., Mobile, Ala., Memphi^ Tenn., Mt. 
Pleasant, Tenn., Shreveport, La. 
V'C Fertilizers 
ITEMP-CLIWLSSr 
-Spreader- 
Ou 
National Aluminum Shoes 
For Dry Feet—Saving—Comfort 
Outwear several pairs of all-leather, rubber or wood 
sole boots or shoes. Rust-proof, water-proof, keep 
feet dry, warm, comfortable. For farm, railroad, 
factory or mine. Easy walking, noiseless, fit fif. 
Removable friction tans easily replaced at small cost, 
take up wear, prevent slipping. Removable cushion 
felt soles, best leather uppers. GUARANTEEDbreak- 
proof bottoms. Thousands of delighted users. Money 
back if not satisfied. Free catalog gives prices on a 11 
styles and heights. 
National Aluminam Skoe Co. 
Box 29 
Racine, Wis. 
Spreads all kinds of barn manure, fertilizer, lime 
evenly—quickly; with least draft. 
Simple, strong, easy-operating—2-horsc spreader; 
equipped with self-sharpening graded 
Flat Tooth—Enclosed Cylinder 
Indestructible; teeth are bolted to bars. Slirends in 
wide uniform strips. Does not olog or bunch manure. 
Write for catalofpie and prices. 
Dealers: Good I’Rorosmox— Write NOW. 
N. J. KEMP CO., 36 Swan St., Batavia, N. Y. 
9 CORDS IN fO HOURS 
BT ONE KAN. It's KINO OF THE WOODS. Saves monef And 
i i backache* Send for FKEK catalog No. B6*^ showing low price 
and latest improvements. First order ^eis asr^ncry* 
folding Sawing Machine Co., 161 West Harrison St, Ctucago.UI. 
You can’t meet tlie urgent need of cultivating increasfit 
acreage this year with old-style out-of-date tools and meth- 
[s. Get Planet Jr Seeders, Wheel-Floes and Cultivators, and 
double your acreage. They are strong, yet so light they can be 
readily used by a woman or boy. Fully guaranteed. 
No. 4 Planet Jr Combined Hill and Drill Seeder, Wheel-Hoe, Cultivator 
and Plow sows all garden seeds (in drills or hills), plows, opens furrows and covers 
them, hoes and cultivates all through the season. A hand-machine that does 
the work so easily, quickly and thoroughly that it pays for itself in a single 
season. f' 
No. 8 Horse Hoe does a greater variety of work in corn, potatoes, 
, tobacco, cotton, and other crops requiring similar cultivation, and 
does it more thoroughly than any other one-horse cultivator made, 
fit is stronger, better made and finished. Lastslonger. Its depth 
regulator and extra-long frame make it steady-running. Culti¬ 
vates deep or shallow and different width rows. 15 other 
styles of one-horse cultivators—various prices. 
S L ALLEN & CO Box 1107V Philadelphia 
New 72-page Catalog, free! 
Illustrates Planet Jrs doing actual 
farm and garden work, and de¬ 
scribes over 55 different tools, in¬ 
cluding Seeders, Wheel-Hoes, 
Horse-Hoes, Harrows. Or¬ 
chard-, Beet-, and Pivot- 
Wheel Riding Cultivators. 
Write postal for it today! 
No. 4 
