262 
■Uhe RURAL NEW-YORKER 
February 16, 1918 
Use More Plant Food 
• It is good economy to buy less low grade 
and more high grade fertilizer. It has been 
proven that the larger amounts of plant food 
bring the best results. You get more plant food 
to the ton and have less freight to pay. 
Farm crops are sure to bring good prices 
this year, but every dollar invested in fertilizer 
should be made to go as far as possible. 
A. A. C. Fertilizers economize labor. They 
produce big crops and decrease the cost of pro¬ 
duction. 
If we have no agent in your town, we want one. Write us for 
our nearest agent’s address or ask for an agency yourself. 
The Company maintains an Agricultural Service Bureau 
conducted by Dr. H. J. Wheeler, for many years Director 
of the Rhode Island State Experiment Station, whose 
Crop Bulletins, services and advice are free to all farmers. 
USE THIS COUPON 
Send me “How to Make Money with Fertilizers.” I expect to 
use . tons of fertilizer this season. '*■ 
My Name ... 
My Post Office Address . 
My County ..... '......State .. 
My Crops for 1918 .1.:..1. 
T'”’American Agricultural Chemical Co. 
2 Rector Street, New York, N. Y. 
W$ serve our trade from 60 points. 
Sent on Trial 
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THE RURAL NEW-YORKER 
333 West 30th Street, New York 
II 
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Soil Fertility Notes 
What Lime Shall I Buy? 
Part III. 
M.\rl.—M arl is a somewhat indefinitp 
term applied in different localities to 
widely flifferent materials. It is not a 
rock, hut a species, of earth, and contains 
from live to HO j»er cent t»f calcium car¬ 
bonate. Owinp to this extreme variation, 
it would be well for one to purchase it 
only on a guaranteed analysis. .\11 of 
that which I have seen offered for sale 
was a very finely powdered article. That 
carrying an analysis of fK) per cent cal¬ 
cium carbonate should be purchased for 
about the same price as ground lime¬ 
stone, which in ph.vsical condition it re¬ 
sembles. 
V ooi) Ashes. —T’^nleached hardwood 
ashes will aiwilyze from HO per cent to 35 
I»er cent of lime in the carbonate form, 
about two per cent phosphoric acid and 
about five jier cent to six per cent of ])ot- 
ash. Good unleaclied hardwood ashes 
never failed to give excellent results. 
They c-ontain a form of lime and potash 
so compounded b.v nature that they seem 
to be just about right to encourage the 
growth of clover. Unfortunately, such 
ashes arc very hard to get. In fact, those 
offered for .sale in carload lots very sel¬ 
dom analyze more than lyj per cent pot¬ 
ash and about 30 per cent lime, and in 
most cases the ashes are damp and heavy. 
I’rice is about .^10 or .$11 jier ton f. o. b. 
our local stations in Southern Central 
New York, In almost ever.v case they 
have to he .spread by hand with u shovel. 
Tannery and Other Factory Waste 
I/ iMES. —^Those situated near any tan¬ 
nery or factory where lime is used in 
large quantities and afterwards dumped 
out as waste can get it for the uskiug. 
I'liis is usually dumped out in a paste¬ 
like condition, and niii.st necessarily lie 
a long time to become dry enough to 
sjiread. At best it is never in u very fine 
condition, hut to those living near such 
factories it can he supplied 'lU large quan¬ 
tities and will usually do tlie work ex¬ 
pected of it. 'Some factories install a 
drying plant to dry this lime refuse, after 
which it is sold to farmers. In this con¬ 
dition it c;in he readily .sjirend with a 
shovel ? I am fortunate imough to live 
lU'.ir a very large tannery, which use.s 
dail.v about 10 tons of hydratt'd lime. 
This particular plant has a large drier 
through which this lime refn.se is run, 
and it is then sold to farmers for ,$l per 
load. In niy case I haul about 3,500 
pomids to a load. This particular lime, 
while being ipiite high in calcium carbon¬ 
ate, also contains some nitrogen and sul¬ 
phur, and a little of other chemicals. 
When applied at the rate of .8,500 iionnds 
per .acre it gives fine results. However, 
the lime refuse from certain d.vc 'works 
and gashouses and the like sometimes con¬ 
tains injurious chemicals and should, be¬ 
fore being used by the farmer, he sub¬ 
jected to a chemical analysis to determine 
if such he the case. 
I low AM) When to Apply Lime. —To 
get the best results for the money and 
labor expended, lime should be applied 
after the ground is plowed and before 
the ground is harrowed. Apjilying it 
then, owing to the roughue.ss of the 
ground, one gets a portion in shallow 
and a portion in deep, or, in other words, 
it is then in a position to be more tlux’- 
oughly incorporated throughout the .soil. 
I prefer to barrow immediately after 
sowing, for if the lime is left scattered 
upon the surface subject to rains, such 
rains will have a tendency to i)ud(llo this 
fine lime to a certain extent, when, ujion 
becoming dry, it will be caked and cement 
like, a condition which should be avoided 
if possible. A small point, hut an im¬ 
portant one. Tho.se having a large acre¬ 
age to apply should have a lime sower, 
and it will pay to purchase only those 
forms of lime which can be applied with 
a sower. As before noted, applying lime, 
at best, is a hard and disagreeable job, 
and any labor-saving machinery used will 
be a paying proposition. I would sug¬ 
gest, however, that no form of lime he 
sown with a grain drill, as it is almo.st 
sure to spoil a drill in u very short time. 
Drills cost about three times as much as 
lime sowers. Besides, there are only a 
few makes of drills that will sow enough. 
Then, too. large amounts of lime should 
never bo sown in direct contact with 
grain. But the most important objection 
is that when sown at one ojieratiou with 
grain the lime is not tlioroughly incor¬ 
porated thronghont the soil. Do ■not sow 
lime on top of new .seeding or grass 
grounds, neither jilow it under. It will 
do a little good in «‘itlier case, but the re¬ 
sults obtained will not pay for the ex¬ 
pense incurred. 
Where to Sow Llme.—I f Mark Twain 
were to answer this question he would 
probably say “On the ground.” Yes, of 
course. But to tlio.se just beginning the 
use of lime, or for those of limited means, 
I Avould advise its u.se for the direct bene¬ 
fit of the clovers and Alfalfa only, as 
here one is almost sure to get quick and 
noticeable results. An excellent time, 
when seeding to clovers with oats, 'wheat, 
or rye, is to sow the lime and work it 
into the soil just previous to the sowing 
of these grains, especially in the case of 
wheat, as lime is very beneficial to this 
croi). In my case I i)low sod in Fall for 
beans (beans need lime), applying 3,000 
pounds of pulverized limestone per acre, 
the first thing in the Spring as soon as 
the soil is workable, which is usually in 
April; harrow thoroughly until about 
.Tune 1; plant beans from about June 1 
to G. After harvesting beans this field i.s 
lightly top-dressed with maniu’e, and is 
again thorouglily harrowed and wheat 
sown from about September 20 to Oc¬ 
tober 5 (note that I do not plow this 
ground), and then sow my grass seed the 
following Si)i’ing, This allows the lime¬ 
stone which was sown the previous Spring 
to have nicely sweetened the soil, making 
conditions jmst ideal for the growing of 
clover, which is sure to be there, and in a 
way to make you .smile. 
SrM.MARV. 1. To those skeptical toward 
lime, and e.si)eciully those towar<( any one 
or more forms of lime, I would first ask 
that they lay aside their doubts and give 
lime a trial, using that form which can 
l)e placed on their farm .at tlie least po.s- 
sible expense, ahva.vs 'iMUiring in mind 
that in every case the article must be in a 
fine iiowderetl oiidition when applied to 
the soil, 
2. To order in carlo.ad lo.ats and in 
hulk if possible, To aci.’oniiilish this it 
may be necessary to a.sk your neighbors 
to join you. 
3. In case of burned limestone, to have 
it thoroughly .slaked «nd in a fine and di i/ 
state at the time of apjdying. 
4. To iap|)ly all forms of lime after the 
ground is plowed and before harrowing. 
5. Use not less than I.GOO pounds of 
any form jier acre. 
G. Remember that lime does not take 
the j)Iace of manure or fertilizer, but 
will -work wonders in connection -with it. 
Tliis does not mean to mix lime with 
mamire or fertilizer. Xever mix lime 
with manure or nitrogenous fertilizer; if 
you do, a clieinic.al action .sets in at once 
to liberate the uiti’ogen, and that valu¬ 
able plaut food is lost. They must he aj)- 
plied Bejiarately. 
7. Remember the price as I giv’e it per 
the calcium oxide unit, which may help 
you to decide what form to use , i. c., 
ground limestone will co.st about 
cents per one per cent calcium oxide con¬ 
tent. Burned limestone ivill co.st about 
2% cents jier one per cent calcium oxide. 
Hydrated lime will co.st about 10 cents 
per one per cent calcium oxide content. 
The above prices are wholesale, f. o. b. at 
plants, and m.ay range a hit higher at tlie 
present war jirices. There are those who 
have tried lime and failed to see any 
beuefit tlierefrom, and directly became 
disgust('d with lime. Ninety-nine times 
out of a 'hundred this failure is not due 
to lime, as there are many other causes, 
such as coar.sely ground limestone or 
poorly slaked or salvy and lumiiy burned 
lime. Then, too, i) 0 (>r and insiiflieicnt till- 
atje and very dry seasons will cause fiiil- 
ure. Also lime and nothing else is bften 
applied to very poor, depleted soil., and 
too great expectations are looked for. 
9, Lime helps tho.se who help them¬ 
selves. ... F, J. HICKEY. 
