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The Rural New-Yorker 
The Business Farmer’s Paper 
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.. . 
VoL. LXXVII. 
NEW YORK, FEBRUARY 23, lOlS 
No. 1470 
Beef Making on Eastern Farms 
The Aberdeen-Angus Breed 
T he fine Angus bull shown here is known as 
Evenest of Bleaton, owned hy Mr. Clarence W. 
Eckhardt of New York. Mr. Eckhardt refers to the 
pedigree and performances as follows: 
Sire. Evens of Balliudalloeh ; dam Estha of Bleaton. 
On sire’s side he is descended from Bion, I'ielamere. 
Equestrian Iliad and on dam’s side. Ehlito, Prince 
Ito. I’rince Incan. All of these were first prize or 
champion bulls at the Highland show in Scotland or 
Ro.val of lOnglaud. Evenest of Bleaton won first as 
two-year-old at International Chicago, and grand 
championship at Syracuse, N. Y., and Eastern States 
Exposition, Springfield. 
Ther^ is no (piestion about the great interest now 
manifested in many parts of the East regarding beef 
cattle and beef making. Mr. Eckhardt puts up this 
argument; 
ADVANTAGES OVER MILK-MAKING.—There 
is a great need for more beef cattle on Eastern 
• farms. The advantages to he gained in the develop¬ 
ment of the enterprise here are each year hecomiug 
better known. 'To increase the number of beef ani¬ 
mals does not mean that the dairy herds should be 
diminished, for we cannot get along with a less 
conditions such as location, stock, expense, laljor and 
management must be studied with keen discernment. 
The great increase in the cost of dairy produces and 
the rising values of beef animals have caused farm¬ 
ers to look more closely into the question of beef pro¬ 
duction. 
DECREASING BEEP STOCK.—The beef con¬ 
sumed in the great cities, towns and even the coun¬ 
try districts of the East, is raised and fed in the 
West and South, and shipped long distances to our 
markets. More of this, the chiefest of our food sup¬ 
ply, should and can be raised here. Our lands are 
capable of producing it. During the past 40 yeai’s 
the number of meat animals on Ea.stern farms has 
decreased, while the population has Increased by 
leaps and bounds. To re-establish the same propor¬ 
tion of beef animats to population as existed at that 
time, it has been estimated by competent authorities, 
would re(|uire an increase in our Eastern States of 
several million head of cattle—figui’es that are stag¬ 
gering. Our best experts have given it as their 
(‘pinion that satisfactory prices for beef cattle can 
reasonably be expected to continue. Comparatively 
smjill mimb(‘rs of steers during the past years have 
been fed in the East. It is, however, becoming each 
necessary to use breeding stock of beef type and fol¬ 
low proper methods of management and feeding. It 
is a waste of attempt to make beef by putting high- 
priced feed into .scrawny .scrub stock. A breed must 
be used that will economically turn the feed into 
beef. Each beef breed has its staunch adherents 
and all have good qualities which have been demon¬ 
strated. The Aberdeen-Angus have been chosen by 
me because in my opinion they possess the ((ualities 
I desire in a beef beast. It is folly, however, to 
decry other breeds or overlook their many merits, 
uhich cannot be denied. Rational breed rivalry is 
helpful. Petty breed jealousies and untrue state¬ 
ments of other breeds are harmful to all. There is 
a dearth of meat animals in the East—a great need 
for more of all the heef breeds. We believe an op¬ 
portunity for profit lies open for man.v Eastern 
farmers to produce the beef we consume here. The 
united efforts of all the I>eef breed associations ami 
adherents. will for many years be reipiired to fill 
the gap in the shortage of beef cattle here. When 
the needs and opportunities are more fully seen there 
will be a hunger for stock of the beef breeds that 
will tax the full resources of all the Iireeds to s.-itisfy. 
The establishment of herds of beef cattle and the 
Evenest of Bleaton, a Beef Maker and Fine Type ot the Aberdeen Angus Cattle. Fig. 118 
amount of milk, butter oi‘ dairy products, and an 
increasing amount will each year be reciuired. The 
production of milk and the successful maintenance 
of a dairy herd recpiire conditions not to be found 
on the majority of Eastern farms. The location 
must be favorable for shipping or convenient to col¬ 
lecting station.s. The land must lend itself to inten¬ 
sive cultivation economically. Buildings and e(iuip- 
ment of the most modern type are reriuired in order 
to conform with nece.s.sary saidtary conditions im¬ 
posed to protect properly/ the health of the com¬ 
munities to which the product is shipped, and to 
keep to a minimum the expense for labor which 
must be watched so clo.sely in this enterprise. None 
but dairy cattle bred for high production can be 
profitably employed in the herd. 
(jl. .VLTPY IN DAIRY.—The itroduction of milk 
and dairy products is fast becoming a highly special¬ 
ized business, requiring for success the favorable 
conditions named above, combined with expert knowl¬ 
edge and ability everlastingly to watch and master 
the details which made for success or failure. The 
scrub cow or animal of uncertain record has no 
place in the modern dairy herd : in fact, the busi¬ 
ness is similar to a manufacturing enterprise where 
y('ar more difiicult to buy fet'ding steers of the right 
(piality. at a i»rice which will show a prolit when fin¬ 
ished. The range lands of the West are being cut up 
and can no longer be depended upon to supply the 
need. Manj’ feeders of steers are J)eginning to fol¬ 
low the lead of such men as N. E. Franklin and 
others, who on high-priced corn-belt lands, find it 
profitable to maintain breeding herds of beef cattle 
to produce the calves they themselves tinish for mar¬ 
ket. 
EASTERN GRAZING LANDS.—The lower-priced 
lands of the East which provide such excellent graz¬ 
ing and are .so well adapted for the growing of corn 
f(»r silage, can be used to good advantage for this 
purpose. A breeding herd of beef cows can be imiin- 
tained on pa.stures during the .Summer and silage 
or clover or Alfalfa hay in the Winter without grain. 
The best results in most cases can be secured iu 
turning the steers off as yearlings at from 1.000 to 
2.000 pounds in Aveight. In an experiment jinst con¬ 
cluded on a rough New York State farm. Aberdeen- 
•Vngus steers at IS mouths averaged 1,100 pounds 
each and st)ld at the farm for ,$150 each. 
GOOD STOCK REQFIRED.—In order to secure 
satisfactory results iu modern beef productioiq it is 
feeding of steers will greatly increase the fertility 
of the soil, raise the average grain yield per acre 
and stimulate our Eastern agriculture iu all its 
branches. 
Farming in Eastern Maryland 
I moved here from Ohio, came to this farm last .Tanvi- 
ary. My plan is to keep stock to use all feed I can 
raise; will have about 15 acres of wheat, sow to Red 
clover and Alsike in Spring, corn following, rye iu Fall 
to plow under for cow peas or Soy beans; then sow to 
wheat. You see I have a four-year rotation on‘GO acres. 
I am expecting to build barn to hold hay and house 
livestock, also silo, to make beef; Polled Angus bull 
with Holstein cows. Which is better to produce feed 
and enrich soil, coav peas or Soy beaus? Is 150 lbs. 
acid phosphate ample for cow peas or Soy beans? 
Will wheat do as well here by disking ground as plow¬ 
ing? A great many plow corn land here for wheat, 
never in Ohio. Would it not be better to drill in wheat 
on cow-pea land without^any preparation, then harrow 
iu Spring before sowing clover seed? Is 200 lbs. of 
acid phosphate sufficient for wheat after cow peas? 
What grade of fertilizer is best for corn land lacking 
iu humus? How far apart should corn be drilled? 
Advise best place to apply manure I expect to use on 
young clover, hauling soon as made and spreading thin. 
Can you explain why corn did not ear better? It grew 
plenty of large tall stalks. I used 200 lbs. of fertilizer 
per acre, some 2^—10, 1—9. and some 16% phosphoric 
acid, no noticeable difference; Seed corn came 75 
miles North, planted about 15 inches apart. A few 
