298 
7ahe RURAL NEW-YORKER 
February 2V‘>, 1918 
/Ire Foil BuUtJing or 
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STAR goods sold by best dealers everywhere 
HUNT-HELM-FERRIS & CO., 23 Hunt St., Hanar^lD. 
New York Branch: Industrial Bldg.t Albany, N. Y. 
The separator is very easy to 
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rMor* thant 
f 125,000 
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rr_4 -Via 
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AIBAUGH-DOVER CO.,2171 Marshall Boulevard, CHICAGO 
T his is the trade 
mark of Krause 
Daily Feed—a feed that has made 
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CHAS. A, KRAUSE MILLING 
MILWAUKEE. WIS, 
3702 BURNHAM STREET 
'When you write advertisers mention The R. N.-T. and you U get a 
quick reply and a *‘square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
A Talk to Mountain Farmers 
Mo.st of the writing in the R. N.-Y. 
seems for men on good land, near mar¬ 
kets, hut we have hard times here—in 
the mountains of West Virginia. There 
are enough teams to do the work, some 
cows, and enough hogs for our meat, but 
we caunot raise much grain and end up 
ever.v Fall the same. Then we begin 
again the next Spring the same, and I 
wonder whether you can give us a lift. 
C. X. 
That touches with a pleasant appeal. 
I have been treated like a brother by 
mountain farmers further south, and if 
tlioy will take my prescription I may 
help “lift.” A member of the Board of 
Trade at Ashville, N. C., inveigled the 
writer into meeting of farmers and 
then sprung the question, “Reynolds, 
what does this farming country need?” 
and I replied, “Sheep, red apples and 
industry.” I believe it was right aud 
that it will fit clear up iuto West Vir- 
giuia. 
Perhaps the kind, courteous aud hospit¬ 
able men along .those ranges may not 
like it. They are rather an independent 
sort of folks, but they know that as a 
general thing they take life easy. They 
may not know that if we were as care 
free we also “would end up every Fall 
the same.” We would he worse off be¬ 
cause the demands on us are greater. 
There is too much dependence there on 
one-horse implements, on a few railroad 
ties, game pelts aud other small returns 
from thickets, and not enough attention 
to the function of the soil and the bene¬ 
fits from it. Every foot of it should be 
growing something useful, whereas too 
much of it is bare, or growing so-called 
timber. Farmers there should have no 
part in “refore.station.” Generations gone 
robbtHl the forests and it is not their duty 
now to deny themselves atoning for the 
vandalism. They deserve a good living 
and can get it by covering the surface of 
the earth with grass aud useful growths. 
I read an argument lately from West 
Virginia that dogs were needed to com¬ 
bat wild things, AVhat we call “var¬ 
mints” had a place in wild nature, but 
the earth wa.s made for us, so when wo 
come iuto our own the wild things are 
out of place, and should he eradicated. 
If the land is fixed to grow useful things 
there will be no place for them excei)t in 
the ground and a gallon of gasoline will 
get more of tliem than a hundred dogs in 
a year. 
If any mountain farmer feels hurt at 
our rubbing “industry” into him, let him 
turn to page 152, February 2 issue of 
this paper. I am trying to give the 
“lift,” and must tell the truth as I think 
I see it, aud will now refer you to some 
expert testimony. Read Mrs. 11. from a 
G5-acre farm, set edgeways in eastern 
Tennessee. Read what she enumerates of 
her produr?ts from soil !ind industry. 
Fruits, aud vegetables, canned, dried, pre¬ 
served and pickled. You can see <-ellar 
and pantry packed, rafters and walls 
festooned with good things, and she will 
make your mouth water with sorghum, 
buckwheat, shucked beaus, meats, turnips, 
chow-chow, kraut and apple butter, evory- 
thiug that the ultimate cousumor would 
want an “Aladiii’s lamp” for. MTicn 
wife and I read the catalogue, although 
living on real, good land, we wanted to 
go right down and visit all the folks in 
Hawkins Co., 'renn. Then listen to what 
she says, “Theie are lots of people poorer 
than we mountain folks.” 
Sure there are. with emphasis ou the 
“lots.” There are no people better off 
than the “mountain folks”—if they only 
know it and adapt themselves to it. They 
have pure air that rich people go aud 
buy at high figures, the best of water, 
fair soil, aud freedom from fool customs, 
amenities, demands and aspirations that 
pestei- the people where population is con¬ 
gested. ^Ve have filed tlie coluum by Mrs. 
H. to read for use and pleasure. The 
mountain folks do not feel like making 
any apologies on manhood nor muscle, 
neither do they need to on life’s comforts 
and finances. 
The rural church, which has far too 
often been turned into a shop or granary 
in places, is there yet, schools may flour¬ 
ish, the mails carry good literature, aud 
Mrs. H. says, “M’e love each other,” and 
when trouble comes to a family “others 
for miles around have help aud sym¬ 
pathy.” Now what’s the matter with a 
community like that? Ilappuiess is 
nearly divided in the world, aud success 
depends more on a man than his sur- 
rouudiugs. There is a show to make 
money ou those mountains, as well as ou 
laud paying higher taxes. It will bring 
as good yields of the class adapted to it 
as anywhere. If an orchardist looks for 
land he can find no better at any price. 
Trees will grow well, and produce as 
highly flavored fruit as anywhere in the 
world. I can tell an apple grown there 
by the taste, aud Avould no sooner eat one 
from the Pacific coast .after it than a 
raw potato. M*e grow some flue ones 
here, but couuot got their flavor nor 
color. 
Thou take grass, and I can cover those 
hills with it as easy as I fixed my own 
poor hills. Plenty of clover, Alsike. Al¬ 
falfa aud perhaps sweet cloven- seed, and 
liberal fertilizing at first, will change the 
face of nature, then pasturing sheep in 
Summer and feeding ou the fields in Win¬ 
ter will fix the soil. Every farm should 
have sheep or fruit or both, as well as 
other things to sell along tlie way. Few 
hogs should be kept because they require 
so much clean grain, whereas grass to 
cover and enrich the ground should he 
the aim. 
There will always he a good market 
for fruit, wool and mutton, and tho.se 
with intelligent industry will n-deem tlie 
soil, much of which has had the e.sseu- 
tials I name sparingly. I would start 
one field, or one patch toward prospeifty, 
then another aud come around the circle, 
never ])lanting any s<‘od unless .sure of 
a good yield. I would clean off all brush 
and make grass grow in its place. My 
“lift” for G. X. is take the R. N.-Y., .a 
daily and stmie of the high-co.st maga¬ 
zines. Encourage meeting.s at the 
churches, spellings, singing and deb:ites in 
the scluKilhou.ses, have picnics in Summer 
aud jiarties in M’inter for everyone. Wbrk 
nearly six days in the week, all the while 
stud.ving to improve the dirt, “hook onto” 
a few ewes, care for them and s.ave the 
ewe lambs. Then I would plant a few 
trees every year and carry a sharp knife, 
and .soon improvement will h(' so evident 
tiiat it will encourage complete siieco.ss- 
Ohio. w. w. ki:yx’OTJ)S. 
Building an Ice House with Cold Storage 
I wish to build an icehouse on the 
plan of an icebox, that is. by excavating 
into a bank or hill S to 10 feet deep, 
building a concrete wall well tarred on 
the outside, leaving a space 20 by 20 feet 
b<‘tween walls, and roofing same, eight to 
nine feet high with I beams and cement, 
this flat roof to he the floor of the ice¬ 
house proper, built of wood with 12-inch 
walls well insulated and shavings packed 
between walls, the roof treated in same 
manner; height of walls 14 to 10 feet. 
How can I send the cold air of the ice¬ 
house into the cold storage chamber below 
it, without also getting the water of the 
melting ioe and shaving covering the iee 
iuto the chamber below? A. n. E. 
Mt. Ivlsco, N. Y. 
There are no groat difficulties iu the 
way of building an icehouse such as sug¬ 
gested by A, 1). E. It is doubtful, though, 
if such an icehouse would be as economi¬ 
cal and successful as one built in the 
usual way with an ice bunker connected 
with the cold storage room that could 
be repleuished as needed. With this style 
of icehouse the temperattire may be a 
little more closely controlled. Cold is se¬ 
cured iu an icehouse only at the expen.se 
of melting ice. Ice iu melting absorbs 
great quantities of heat. This is well illus¬ 
trated in the case of the ordinary ice¬ 
cream freezer. The cream will freeze 
only when the ice begins to melt, and the 
more raifidly the ice melts the more 
quickly the cream wdll freeze. It is some¬ 
times desirable to seeiiro a gi-eater degree 
of cold in the storage i-oom than is ordin¬ 
arily needed, and this can be done in a 
house of the usual construction by the ad¬ 
dition of salt to the ice hunker, causing 
rapid melting. This method could hardly 
be used if the entire ice supply were used 
to cool the storage space. 
linless the walls were well insulated 
there would be little gaiu iu having the 
cold storage room under ground. The 
temperature of the surrounding earth is 
so much higher than that of the ice that 
there w-ould be a considerable passage of 
heat to the storeroom from the surround¬ 
ing earth unless, as suggested above, the 
walls were well insulated to stop it. 
(Continued oa page oOO.) 
