328 
■^he R U R AL N E W-YO R K E R 
March 2 1918 
Power 
for the Big Pull 
Power _ measures the amount of work 
done," time consumed, and cost of opera¬ 
tion— and power depends on piston 
rings. 
To get maximum power and get it con¬ 
tinuously requires a set of 
McQUAY-NORRIS 
A special ring for en¬ 
gines that pump oiL 
Used in top grooves 
only of pistons to 
control excess oil, 
with McQuay-Norris 
\eA.v<.- lRoor Rings in 
lower grooves to in¬ 
sure maximum com¬ 
pression and fuel 
economy. 
PISTON RINGS 
The rings that check compression losses 
and turn wasted fuel into power for au¬ 
tomobile, draw-bar or belt work. Their 
light tension causes least friction loss — 
more power gained. They reduce carbon 
— higher engine efficiency. Economical 
in fuel and oil. 
Your dealer can get you'^any size or 
over-size quickly. Over 300 jobbing and 
supply houses in all parts of the country 
carry complete size assortments. If you 
have any difficulty getting them, write us. 
SEND FOR FREE BOOKLET 
“To Have and to Hold Power” —a simple, 
clear explanation of piston rings, t’'.eir con¬ 
struction and operation. 
Manufactured by 
McQuay-Norris Mfg. Co. 
2878 Locust Street St. Louis, Mo. 
6F 
Copyright 1917, 
MoQaay>Norria Mfir. Co, 
CULTIVATE 3 ROWS 
AT ONE TIME 
All crops grown in narrow 
rows—onions, beets, car¬ 
rots, etc., can be’cultivated 
three rows at a time, as fast 
as a man can walk, by using 
a three row attachment 
with the 
BEEMAN 
Garden Tractor 
This tractor goes astride narrow 
rowed crops and between the rows 
when cultivating corn or other wide 
rowed crops. It combines the best features of both horse cultivators and 
hand wheel hoes —cultivating deep in the centre of rows as narrow as 12 
inches and shallow near the plants. 
No Pushing—Just Steer It. A man or a boy can cultivate at top speed 
all day without tiring. Costs little to operate—saves time, expense and labor. 
The Beeman will take the place of one horse or mule in plowing, harrowing or cultivating. 
It will do any power work requiring up to 4 H. P. and trots from job to job on its own power. 
FREE ILLUSTRA TED BOOKLET ON REQUEST GET YOUR COPY TODA Y. 
THE CONSOLIDATED GAS & GASOLINE ENGINE COMPANY 
202 Fulton Street, New York, N. Y. Distributors 
THE BEEMAN GARDEN TRACTOR COMPANY 
334 Sixth Avenue South, Minneapolis, Minn., Manufacturers 
DRAINAGE 
PROBLEM SOLVED 
F or the first time American farmers 
can solve the drainage problem at 
low cost. Find out about this tool. 
Don’t put it off. Write for the new book that 
tells the story. 
Model 20 
& Grader 
AIKSteel^Reversible—Lasts a Lifetime 
Cuts V-shaped farm ditch down to 4 ft. deep; cleans old 
ditches; grades roads; builds farm terraces, dykes and 
levees; works in any soil, wet or dry. 2, 4 and 6 
horse sizes; larpe size fine for tractor. Does work of 100 men. 
Write ' ’ to make big crops sure. New free book 
nd terracing. Address 
» AND GRADER CO.^ ^ 
OWENSBORO. KV. 
High o ■ ’ wheels—ste^i or wood — wide 
or narro,. .. . Steel or wood wheels to fit any 
running grear. Wagon parts of all kinds. Write 
today for free catalog illustrated in colors. 
ELECTRIC WHEEL COm 48 Elm Street, Quincy. IIL 
When you write advertisers mention The R. N.~Y. and you'll get a 
quick reply and a “‘square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
Training the Young Trees 
(Continued from page .320) 
side them (to split the wood) than tear 
the fibers in two (to break it.) In the 
ease of the branch there is a sort of 
collar of fibers which run around it 
where it joins the tree. This acts as a 
brace and helps it hold its load. In the 
case of the crotch (page 32(5) note liow 
the fibers run u]) fine side, across the 
top and down the other side. There is 
no place wliere one must tear any fibers 
to break down the crotch. Ben Davis 
wood is much weaker than that fif Hald- 
win, yet the Baldwin crotch failed early 
in the season under less than 10 iionnds 
of apples, while the B(>n Davis limb fif 
about the same size held up n<‘arly_ a 
bushel of ajiides until almost picking 
time. 
rou Bkhmaxaxck. — We 
have always headed our trees high an<I 
Ben Davis Tree May 7,1916 
feel (liat w<“ have gaiiit*<l by it. We feel 
that if they corit.iiiiic to luive projier <‘are 
sevei-al blocks of our young'trees sluuild 
continue in profitable hearing for lift.y 
years or more. In fact it is not likely 
that anj’ of us will live to see the end of 
these orchards vv(‘ ,are now developing 
unless SOUK' accident oi' disease sliould 
greatly shorten their lift*. We try to 
start with :is large tre»“s ns jiossilih'. If 
we <• 0111(1 get tr*‘es 10 feet: tall, which 
had been trimmed to whips at the end of 
the first season's gi-owth. the side 
branches trimmed to two or three buds 
at the (uul of the second and all hranclu's 
below sev(‘n f('et shoi-tcned again at the 
end of the thii-d season’s growth, they 
would he worth more to ns at the end 
of the third or fourth season's growth 
than any tre<‘s we are able to buy. Such 
trees, grown four years in the nursery 
and carefully handled in digging, jiack- 
ing and setting, should give a very small 
Ben Davis April 22, 1917 
loss in setting, and sliould begin to fruit 
in a year or two after planting. 3'he jiie- 
ture (jiagc 32(5) shows a Kliode Island 
(Ireeuing whieh we set out just liefore 
the frt'ezi'. 3'he tree was set deejier than 
it stood ill the nnrser.v, and is about eight 
fi^et above ground. Snow is about two 
feet deep around the trei'. As the tree 
grows some of the lowc'r branches left 
on it will be shaded out by those above 
and cut oil'. If this docs not hapiieu 
.soon enough they may he hcadi'd hack a 
little. 3’his will give ns a whorl of 
limbs forming a platform about six feet 
above the ground. This is the base of the 
head. About two feet above this we can 
get another similar whorl. 3''he <'entrtil 
leader may go on and give still a third 
wiiorl. blit that will be left mainly to 
chance. 3''he two sets of branches .sii])- 
porting the rest of the top sive almost 
absolute security against breaktige duo to 
overloading the tree. 
Idkal Form. —The next pictures on 
pages 318-320 show three years’ 
growth of a Ben Davis tree which we 
consider has almost the ideal shape. The 
tree was set in the Spring of 1010. The 
trunk is nearly six feet to the first 
lii..os. This tree bore a peck or more- 
of apples in 1010 and in 1017. The first 
liictnre was taken May 7, 1010, after the 
tree liad had seven growing seasons. 
The second was taken April 22, 
1017. after the tree ■ had grown 
another season, and had been 
trimmed for the next year’s growth. 
Ndte how the lower limbs are coming 
down under the burden of fruiting. The 
third pictiin* was made .Tan. 27, 101S. 
Note how the lower limbs are now hang¬ 
ing down about as much as they stood 
ui) two years before. Most of the pi'un- 
ing the tree Avill receive fi-om this tiiin' 
will be to keep it headed as liigh as it is 
now by cutting off the liinhs whicli hang 
down too low. 'I’he size of the triM's can 
he roughly found by tiikiiig, tin* hMigth 
of the sjiar-e between tin" two low(‘r sets 
of limbs as a measure. ai,i ki:i) r. wkki). 
Wayne Co., N. V. 
Crows Eating Fruit 
CJive a crow plenty to (';it and he will 
stick c]os(*r I Inin a hrotlnu' to you, and 
he has an apjietite that will relish any¬ 
thing from cairion to fruit. A farm that 
we jia.ss often bought the manure from a 
jiiggery where large amounts of city swill 
were used. This was not all eaten by 
the hogs, and was mixed with the manure, 
which was drawn and left in heaps 
through tin' IN’inti'r on a jiiece of land 
near tin' travelh'd road, ami hundreds, if 
Hot thousands of crow.s could be counted 
on thos(' heaiis nearly every da.y all Win¬ 
ter. 'I’liis was ]>lowed under early in the 
Silling, and then the crows became a 
nuisance to those in the neigliborhood, but 
later left for better feeding grounds. In 
fact, crows would stay with us if they 
could liiul plenty of food all Winter, as a 
few now do. A city man startl’d a pig¬ 
gery in oni- neighborhood, using city swill. 
This was stopped in early Summer by 
our Board of Health. 'Phis caused us a 
lot of trouble, although a third of a mile 
away. I trii'd to protect some, late-sown 
fodder corn by spreading on other corn 
for the crows to eat, jn.st as it was com¬ 
ing through the ground. A peck would 
last scarci'ly a day, and at <iver 1^4 per 
hundred made dear crow fe<*d. They ute 
practically all our ciu'rries. both sweet 
and sour. In fact, wc lu'ver got a good 
K(|uare meal of the sweet ones, although 
we had a few bushels of both varieties. 
.\ variety like .Schmidt they would eat or 
carry away when abtnit two-thirds grown. 
'I'liey would carry three or four at a time 
fif a variety like (Jen. Wood, evidently 
taking a whole hunch by gralibing ail 
tin* sti'ins at one mouthful. 
Our Osborne Summer jioars went be¬ 
fore they wei-e ripe, largely carried away 
to be eaten elsewhere. Bartletts also suf¬ 
fered severely. Our early apjilcs wi're 
badly damaged by them, and many were 
spoilt on the tn-es. To save my Williams 
K('d I jiicked fbeni before 1 otherwise 
should. I trit'd to save soiiu' .sweet corn 
for s('(‘d, but bad to tie uji the ears with 
burial), as they would tear ofl' paper 
hags as fa.st as put on. By the time my 
lute Winter appb's were ready to pick 
they had di'crc.ised to such an extent they 
did little nion' than the average damage. 
'I'his may have bi'en caused by the fact 
that tliere was more field corn planted 
last year tluin common, something they 
were very fond of, before it got very liard. 
Every year I lose a few dollars’ worth 
of fruit, hut 1 never saw anything like 
thi.s last season, alt.hougli I thought I liad 
seen .some crow s before, and it is nothing 
uncommon to find fair-sized apple.s or 
pears 10 rods <>r so from the trees wliere 
they gri'w. -My trees never had so O'w 
birds’ nests, both robins and the smaller 
ones, although 1 .saw one or two ixibins’ 
nests, th(*y were robbed early and W’e 
knew of none whicli livi'd to fly. Blue¬ 
birds and martins came early aw usual, 
hut did not stay all Summer, and it was 
the first time 1 ever knew our bird boxc's 
to be empty. 3'Iio.sft sporting men who 
slioot cats on sight because they catch 
hinls would better pay their attention to 
the crows, for when one gets track of a 
brood of young (piail or pheasants he will, 
with iierhaps a friend or two, hunt 
through the grass and weeds until th<‘y 
are all gone. I have known a plu'a.want to 
raise a flock of young ones 30 or 40 rods 
from wliere two good hunting cals livi'd, 
simply staying in the thick gra.ss, while, 
had the mother bird unwed away from tlie 
farm buildings, she would have lost a 
large part of them and perhaps her own 
life from their natural enemies. It is 
nothing unusual to see a crow go through 
an apple orcliard looking into each tree 
separately for birds’ nests; I have seen 
this done withi" h'ss than f)0 feet of our 
farm buildings. J''ifty or more years ago 
our country hoys juacticed shooting at 
crowds to iiiijirove their marksmanshi)i. 
iN'rlunis if the custom was more observed 
at the present time it might jirove a good 
tlii' ' "ound. especially foi ou.' song 
bir<. . T have no ns(> for 
cro\,. , ‘t ■' 
and gra. 
thl'Ill, I Woi..,. n- o . plclll., 
to eat, and. liki* other gluttou.s, they ’ll 
stay by you. it.o. mkap. 
“OfI'TCKH. Avhy did you arrest this mo- 
tori.stV” “Suspicious actions, your Hon¬ 
or. He was within the speed limits, 
sounding his horn properly, and trying to 
keep the right side of the street.”—Louis¬ 
ville Courier-Joinnal. 
