RURAL NEW.YORKKR 
343 
Orcharding on Long Island 
Absence of Tree Fruit. —One of the 
questions most frequently asked by peo¬ 
ple coming to Long Island from other 
sections, or from the city to the country, 
is, “Can I grow apples and peaches on 
my place at -?” “What varieties 
should I plant?” etc. Sometimes the 
question will me, “Can I grow apples 
and peaches on my place at the sea¬ 
shore?” Strange questions for a section 
which originated the famous Long Island 
Russet Cider (“Champagne”) ; neverthe¬ 
less there are good reasons for such ques¬ 
tions. To strangers coming onto the 
island the almost total absence of “farm¬ 
house orchards,” with perchance here and 
there a nearly leafless tree bearing a few 
knotty specimens called apples .scattered 
about the farmyard, would lead one to 
suspect the island to be fruitless, or at 
least a very unfavorable locality for or¬ 
chards. A peculiar condition for a lo¬ 
cality that was at one time the location 
of the oldest nursery (the Prince Nursery 
of Flushing) in the westeni hemisphere, 
at the same time a section from which 
many of the Best European sorts of 
apple.s were first tried out and distributed 
to other parts of the country by means 
of grafted stock. 
Causes ok Nf.gt.ect. —Two factors 
have combined to produce the iiresent 
condition. First, the natural increa.se of 
insects and diseases, combined with a cer¬ 
tain amount of neglect which culminated 
finally in the ourbreak and rapid spread 
of the San .lose scale with the conse¬ 
quent death of mo.st of the trees in 
farm orchards. Second, the- low price 
at which apples of better keeping (piali- 
ties than those from neglectisl orchards 
could be .shipped unto the island, com¬ 
bined with the demand from all available 
lands for growing truck crops which give 
quicker money returns than orchanls, re¬ 
sulted in only half-hearted elVorts to save 
the orchards from the Ran .7o.se .scale. 'I’lie 
outcome has been that the old-fashione<l 
farm orchard is about as scarce as (he 
proverbial hen’s teeth. In fact they are 
in a fail- way to become extinct. Hence 
there are good reasons for the questions 
that are a.sked by the stranger and begin¬ 
ner on the T.sland. 
.‘<Ttri)YING Po.S.SIBTUITIKS.— To answer 
th<^ first question it is only necessary to 
examine w'oodlots and hedgerows, and be 
able to distinguish the trees growing 
there. There out' will find ’‘wild" or 
.s<*edling apples, also pears, growing on tIn¬ 
to perfection, and eking out a meager ex¬ 
istence along w’ith other trees and shrubs. 
I say shrubs for the reason that if tin- 
reader should accidently find one of these 
seedling apples, also jiears, growing, not 
face of a bluff along Long I.sland Sound 
their jn-ctstrate form, and especially (he 
thorns on the pear would lead him to be- 
li<A'e he had discovered a new kind of 
(horubush. It is a fact worthy of con¬ 
sidering that these wild apides and pears 
thrive la-tter in .some locations than in 
others. As a whole they do better on the 
moraine hills on the north side than on 
the sand-dunes <if the south side of the 
Island. A further .selection is apparent 
in size of these wild ai)ples on the morain 
soils; usually tho.se growing around “ket¬ 
tle-holes, are the largest, especially if the 
h()les contain watei-, or show springs 
on their sides.” Frwiuently the be.st 
trees (»c< ur in ravines: w-here they receive 
the wash from the adjoining hills. Oc¬ 
casionally the most thrifty trees are to be 
found on the sides and tops of the mo¬ 
raine hills. An examination of this soil 
will generally .show a clayey loam filb-d 
with boulders. There ai-e many of these 
“case.s” in the moraines of the island 
where api)le and pear trees thrive natur¬ 
ally, but this do<*s not mean that pine 
t)arrens can be made to produce just as 
good trees; nor does it prove that the wild 
trees will produce fruit. .\s a rule they 
are more or less ban-en, or the fruit of 
very inferior quality. Hem-e with n-gai'd 
to the simple question as to whether ap¬ 
ples will grow on the Island the answer 
can be in the affirmative. Ilow well and 
how jn'ofitable they can be giaiwn de-' 
pends on a numb >r of factors. 
I.ocATiox A.Ni) Take.—T he first factor 
^yill be the selection of good soil and loca¬ 
tion for the orchard. The soil .should show 
evidence that it will grow, or has grown 
good oak, chestnut or sassafras at least, 
and not scrub pines. Usually land that 
is too rolling to answer for truck crops 
is more suitable for orchards than level 
laud. The next important factor will be 
the amount of care and expense for labor 
the grower is willing to put into the or¬ 
chard. The day of setting a few trees in 
the kitchen garden expecting them to pro¬ 
duce all the fruit a family needs without 
further attention is past. The orchard 
of today must have as much care as a po¬ 
tato, cauliflower, pickle, or corn crop. Ry 
this I mean that on Long Island .soils the 
orchard must be cultivated, fei-tilized, and 
sprayed regularly each year. In fact the 
cultivation and spraying must be emi)ha.s- 
ized as they are more esst-ntial in the 
case of the orchard than with some of the 
other crops named. 
('ONTROE OF I.\.SECT.S AND Dl.SEASE.— 
Each year spraying is becoming more 
m-cessary and exacting to obtain results. 
For example to obtain the best results it 
is essential to spray the on-hard first 
while dormant either late Fall or early 
Rpring to control the San .lose scale. 
A second .semi-dormant spr.-iy is nc(-essai-y 
about the middle of April to control the 
rosy ai)his of the apple; this spraying- 
will be a partial check on apple scab. Re¬ 
ginning as soon as the trees have (Iroi)ped 
their blos.som.s a series of three or four 
sprayings must be given at iut(-rv:il.s of 
](> days or two week.s. for the codling 
wonn and a|»ple curculio. In <-ombina- 
tion with this .series of spi-ayings a fun¬ 
gicide must be added to control the dis¬ 
eases; of which apple-scab. <-aukei- and 
Fedar rust are persistent and d(-sti'uct ive. 
’I’he past three or four ye.-u-s the ,-ipple 
maggot or i-ailroad -worm has been vt-ry 
abundant, and doing a lai-ge amount of 
damage to fi-uit on the Island. Strenuous 
iiH-asures must bo folh)wed to jirevent this 
l)est g(-tting a foothold in orchards, .-is it 
is a pest that must be combated both by 
spraying and by the removal and de¬ 
struction of all the early windfalls; th,’ 
latter being the most satisfactory method. 
(One of tin- lu'iucipal reasons why the 
fruit of wild apides is found ju-im-ijially 
on the ground is dire to this pest). In 
addition to all the sjiraylng listed (hen- 
are times when Contact .sprays must be 
used to destroy the plant-bugs, the red- 
bug and the tarnished i)lant-bug. 
(’tq.TivATiox.—No fixed ruh- for cul¬ 
tivation can be given. If iiossible a cover- 
crop of .some sort should be grown in the 
orchard eai-h fall. This should be jilowed 
under by the middle of ^I.-iy if not ear¬ 
lier to ju-event same removing too much 
moisure 
Pull Out This Avery 
Inner Cylinder Wall 
from the soil. I have always 
lound it best to givi- ch-an cultivation 
from the time the orchard is jilowed in 
the Spring until the Fall i-ains <-ommence, 
at whi(-h time the cover-crop may be sown 
.lud T'ultivation di.si-ontiiiued. A mixture 
of Ilaii-y A'etch and f’rimsoii clovi-r make 
good cover crops for Long Island, but if 
the halls rains do not show iq) until 
Seiiti-mber or October then rye must he 
used for the cover crop. Tin- old rule of 
.stojiping cultivation early in- ,Tuly and 
.sowing a cover crop usually results in 
the cover crop robbing the trees of 
moisture and a resultant injury to the 
fruit crop. 
Market Require^iexts. — If the 
rrower fei-ls he is eipial to all the aliove 
vork some day in the future he will have 
he last factor to contend with, namely 
flu; gi-ading and marketing of a neat crop 
of fruit. There Avill be seasons Avhen his 
fruit Avill be as highly colored jis Western 
fi uit and better 'lualitj'; again some sea¬ 
sons, although the trees luiA'e been giA-en 
the b(-st of cai-e, the color Avill not be as 
fine nor the quality u)) to standard, ('ul- 
tiAmtion and spraying do not make sun¬ 
shine. If 'would-be ajiple groAA-ers feel they 
are eijual to all these factors then they 
are ready to consider varieties to b*- 
jdanted. The Amriety best to plant may 
in a feAV instances be ncAV, but as a rule 
one .should select these varieties that do 
Avell in the same latitude and on similar 
soils. That is, one should go into Mon¬ 
mouth Founty, N. ,T.. to select varieties 
that Avill do Avell on Long Island and vice 
v(-rse. In addition one should study the 
market requirements in selecting varie¬ 
ties. Rer.sonally I doubt if Long I.sland 
groAvi-i-s unless they have cold .storage fa- 
(Foutinued on page 357) 
T he inner cylin^r walls of a motor 
are subject to more wear than about 
any other part of a tractor. In Avery 
Tractors these inner walls are separate 
castings. When worn or scored from any 
causeyou can replacethemata small cost, 
with little trouble and practically no delay. 
^ Other tractor motors must be taken out 
' of the frame and sent to a machine shop 
to be rebored, reground and fitted with 
oversize pistons, which means heavy ex¬ 
pense, much work and long delays, ora 
complete new cylinder must be purchased. 
When you have an Avery Tractor you can also 
adjust the crankshaft boxes which cannot be 
done with any other tractor. No need of tearing 
the motor down and rebabbitting the boxes when 
they wear a little, as they are bound to do on 
every tractor. 
You CM burn kerosene too, and more success- 
tully than in any other tractor. The Averv 
Duplex Gasifier does the trick. No other tractor 
is equipped with it. Avery’s are the tractors 
that burn ALL the kerosene. 
Write for Free Avery Motor Farming Book 
Get all the facts about the Avery Line of Trac¬ 
tors. They have many other superior features 
They are built in sizes to fit every size farm—six 
sizes from 5-10 to 40-80 H, P. Also learn about 
the Avery Two-Roav Motor Cultivator—the nev/- 
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There’s also an Avery Plow and an Avery Thresh¬ 
er to fit every size Tractor. Ask for new 1918 Com¬ 
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AVERY COMPANY, 2007 Iowa Street, Peoria, III. 
Branch Houses and Distributers 
Covering Every State In the Union 
and More Than 60 Foreign Countries 
There's a size Avery Tractor for every size 
farm and every kind of work 
Adjust This Avery Crank* 
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Take up any wear in a few 
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on Avery Tractors. 
This Avery Gasifier Turns 
Kerosene Into Gas 
Bums kerosene better. Uses 
less fuel and lubricating oil. 
Only on Avery Tractors. 
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