C-Ae RURAL NEW-YORKER 
368 
cfimp under this law. What becomes of the differ- 
(>iice between this miller’s jiriee and the tremendous 
price we must j)a 3 ' foi’ fee<l? That secmis to be the 
leak in the l)arrel. Tlie millers ar(‘ held to a price 
while .the feed men are not. Mr. Moore’s offer does 
not extend to f(KHl dealers, but can any of our 
readers name a miller wbo refuses to sell mill feed 
ut these stated prices? 
Selling Wheat Substitutes 
Wall yon answer these questions for a few of us in 
this vieinty. if yon can? One man wanted- to bny a 
barrel of floni’. 'I’lie merchants here say they are not 
selling by barrel now. It is oidy sold in %-barrel sacks. 
'J’hey al.so say when yon bny an %-barrel sack of white 
flour one must bny %-barrel of dark flour. AVe under¬ 
stand the law to be 10 p(*r cent dark to % barrel white 
flour. ’I'lir; imn-chants here say there is a different law 
for difT(‘rent .States. We would just as soon use the 
dark flour with white (and we do), but when one has 
to buy as much dark as white, and such innces as they 
:i.sk here, what will become of the poor peojdc!? It ttikes 
almost .$(> to buy 3^-barrel sack of flour Here rye 
and buckwheat are 10 cents )ter pound; also graham; 
rice is 12 cents per pmind ; cornmeal, 8 cents, ity the 
time you buy these also it calls on one’s pocketbook. Is 
this rule .so or not? At. ». 
This was submitted to tli<‘ Food Administrator, 
who rcqdies by (luoting the following rules regarding 
t\h(‘at c<inservation. The rule seems to he enforced 
strictly. The substitutes are higher in i»rico than 
flour, tind these rules tirt; cau.sing gnnit hardshi)) to 
l»oor j)(*ojd(>: 
Itnle .'11. The licensee dealing in wheat flour at retail 
shall not, without the written permission of tlie United 
States Fo<m1 Administriitor, sell wheat flour to any i)er- 
son unless such ])ei*Hon pui’chases fiann him at the same 
time <me pound of wheat fiotir substitutes for every 
Itound of wheat flour jmrehased. or in cases of whole 
wheat flour containing at least f).T ))er cent of the entire 
wheat; or graham flour, six-temths (().<» lb.) of a pound 
of wheat flour substitute for every pound of such whole 
wheat or graham flour juirchased. 
Rule .^2. The licensee dealing in wheat flour at retail 
should di.stribute the flour which he receives as ecpiitably 
:is possible among his customers in such manner that no 
(ne of such customers shall receive more than his fair 
share thereof. He shall not, without the written j)er- 
ndssion of the United Slnt.-'s h'ood Administrator, wll 
to individual consumers, residing in towns or cities, in 
quantities in exces's of % to barrel, nor t(> any indi¬ 
vidual consumer in rural or farm communitie.s, in quan¬ 
tities in excess of % to barrel. 
The Effect of too Much Cultivation 
I planted 10 ap)de trees (six Baldwins and four 
Winesaps) l.l years tigo in one row in my garden. M'hey 
grow unusually well and began to Isnir fine fruit, Two 
jears ago I noti<!ed that leaves on one or two bramdies 
of one tree turned yellow in laUi .Summer. The Sjuing 
following this tree blossomed to jirofu.sion, but by Fall 
tree had v«‘ry little life left, and I <Mit it down. Many 
of tin; branches wei’e dead ; «»thers had patches of bark 
dis<a>lored and loose slits here and there, exposing inner 
Wood. Two more trees in sann? row are afr<H'te<l. (’an 
1 do anything to save them, and what nmst I do to 
prevent disease from spreading to those trees yet heal¬ 
thy? A King ai)i)le tree jdanted same time as the above 
trees, but ,‘iOO feet aAvay from them, was la.st Sitring 
loaded with blos.soms, and I had an “expert’’ sinay it 
for codling moth. Ten days later every little cluster 
of apples looked as if scorched. I was inclined t<t 
blame “exjtert,’’ but five other trees which he .sprayed 
showed no ill effect, .so came to the conclusion it was 
some kind of blight. I keep bees. If my other trees 
are affected with blight, could they (the bees) have 
brought it to this tree? I have a sweet ch»‘rry tree; it 
was growing vigorously and bearing annually fim* cnqis 
of cherries, but, branch by branch, it is dying. The 
symptoms are profuse exuding of gum for a .season ; 
this dischargi^ sismis to be in a straight line on limb, 
po.ssibly indicating an insect at work. What <'an I do 
for it? .r. ti. 
Plainfield, N. J. 
ARDEN CONDITION.^.—The fact tlmt .1. R. 
)»liintcd his apple frees in a garden is evidence 
<,f their growing luxuriantly, as lu' no doubt us<‘d au 
abuinhuice of stabh' manure and fertilizer, with 
large amounts of nitrogen to jtromote rajdd growth 
of the gardt'ii ))lants, which nspiirc* such fertiliz(>r to 
jic(iuire succuhmet' to make tli(*ni desirable for table 
use. Th(i cultivation <»f the vegetiihh^ garden would 
a!.so lx; continuous, starting ('arly and ending late 
in the SuinnuM-, and on account of these necessiiry 
conditions for the growing of veg(;tables and gai’den 
truck, the planting of fruit trees in the vegetable 
garden should he avoided. If there is no choice of 
location and the garden is tin; only ])lace to use or 
go without fruit tre(;s, then jdant on the side, where 
it will not lx; necessary to use so nnich fertilizer and 
wh<‘r(‘ .strawberry and raspberry beds can he ]»lanted 
ix'ar them that Avill take up all (‘xcess ])lant food and 
nioisturcc The apple tree needs good .soil, good fer¬ 
tilizer and good cultivation, but it must he given all 
of tlu'.se in )»roportion to its mxxls; that is, in such 
a way as to i»romote a healthy growth through the 
Summ<;r, or growing season, and .so balanced that 
the late Summer and early Fall months will he used 
in rip(;ning and hardening the groAvth of wood made 
early in the Summer. The plant food should he ap¬ 
plied at the first cultivation in the Spring, and either 
jdowed under or cultivated into the soil after ](low- 
ing. Thorough cultivation so as to keep down the 
V. eeds and to retain the moi.sture should he prac¬ 
ticed until the first week in .Tuly, after which time 
cultivation should cease, and after the last culti¬ 
vation, clover, vetch, rye, or some other cover cro]) 
seiHl should he broadcast and harrowed in to pro- 
te<-t the soil from erosion and the jilant food from 
being wnisted during the AA’inter, and at the same 
time giving nature the chance she needs to jireiiare 
the tr(*(‘ to ripmi and haixh'u the Summer growths 
into a condition to resist the severity of the frosts of 
Winter. 
lAnFATFRE (JRoAVTH.—N<t tnx; can long re¬ 
main healthy if jilantcxl under comlitions where its 
Press IllustraOiig Servl.-c. 
A Motorcycle Milkman in England. Fig. 189 
yearly growths do not mature, and it caunot he too 
strongly impresstxl uixm the minds of the growers 
of fruit trees that complete maturity of the .season’s 
growth of his trees is the only foundation of success. 
The amount of cohl Avhich trtx's can endure without 
injury deixmds almost entirely ujxm the maturity of 
their growth. AVhatever tends to render jdant tis¬ 
sue moist increases tlu; chances of injury from cold, 
and whahwer tmids to nxluce the moisture and con¬ 
vert fluid matter into wixidy fiber incmiscs its jiower 
to resist cold. Much of the disappointments and 
failur(;s in fruit growing ar<; due to luxuriant late 
I’rcKH JlhiHlruling .Svrviije. 
Potato Merchant on the Street in Warsaw. Fig. 190 
growths wliich hav<; Ixxm struck by (‘arly fi-osts or 
freeze.s, before i'(;aching maturity. Often individual 
tr(*(;.s will suffer and show dls<*ase, while other tr(;es 
near them and of the same variety, remain in jx'r- 
f(;ct health. In such ca.ses it will usually he found 
that the injured trees are those which for some 
reason make most succulent growths and die from 
causes or influences from which those of mature 
growth are exempt. It is clearly Avithin the power 
of the cultivator to control and enlarge the powers 
of r<*.slstance to diseas(; in trees, so far that failure 
or sncc(‘ss will in many cases (h'lxmd upon his jx'r- 
March 9, 1918 
ception of the application of principles influeiK-lng 
vegetable groAvth. 
FALL CANDITTON.8.—In the case of .T. R.— 
Avhich, hj' the Avay, is a typical one—his trees have 
groAvn luxuriantly, making rajdd, succulent growth, 
and maintaining a large flow of saj) until late in the 
Fall, causing a dense mass of foliage which exclmhxl 
air and sun from circulating or ix*n(‘trating through 
llu; tree.s, thus coidrihuling to lh(‘ very conditions 
needed for the hr(‘eding and mainfaining of deadly 
fungus di.sease.s, Avhich also W(‘aken the tree and con- 
Irihute to the chantvs of AViiilei- injury. Scab, or 
fungus dis(‘a's(‘, which attack both fruit and foliag(*. 
would thi-ive under these most favorable conditions. 
li.s(‘cts like the gr(‘en ajthis, leaf hoi)jx‘r, and scurfy 
scale, multijdy and flourish und(*r thes(‘ same condi- 
I'.on.s, and in turn help loAVcr the vitality of th<‘ tre<‘ 
and decrease its chances of r(;sisting cold and dis- 
(‘a.se. 
AVINTER lX.TURA'.—The injury from fr(‘(‘zing 
may be noticed the following Spring, or sooner in 
severe cases, Avhen the bark and oftentimes the trunk 
and large lind>s may .sjdit oix;n,. but more oft(;n tlx; 
injury is just enough to injure the cambium layer 
and the hark, and may not lx* noticed until tiie 
following Summer, or for sevi'ral Summers. Soim;- 
tinK;s the injury is in sjiots on trunk or limb and is 
charg(;d to injury by c.Tnkcr or sunscald. Fivezing 
injures and Aveakens the tree; so d(x;s .scab or any 
other disease of the foliag<‘, and no donbt the tive 
de.scribed by .T. R. as having om; or two hranchc's 
with their foliage turning yelloAV late in the .Sum¬ 
mer, and the following Sjiring bl(X)ming j)rofns(‘ly 
and then dying, aa'us caused by AARnter injury. Tin; 
jtrofuse bhxmi was nature’s effort to rejiroduce itself 
b(‘fore d(*ath. Ev’ery s(‘(‘d-bearing tree or jdant jnits 
forth every effort to j)r<xluc<; .'^<;(‘ds as soon as it is 
attack(;d by any deadly disease*. The King ajqde 
may ha\’e been aff(H;t(*d by blight or by AVinter injury 
cf the tree, and if tlu; tnx; r(;tains enough vitality 
lo overcome the cause, then it Avill not likely trouble 
tlie bloom again. 
RIJUIIT AND REES.— It is a much disjmted 
(jU(;stion about blight Ixdng di.stributed through llu; 
bloom by bees, but ev(‘n if tlu‘y do carry the germs 
to tin; flowers it would not cause the bloom to blight 
and Avither at once. Tlu; blossoms on this tren; might 
have lx*en in a dilfeivnt stage of j)erf(;ction from the 
idher tives mentioiuxl as being .sjirayed at the same 
lime Avithout Injury, and, if so, the .sjiray may liaA’e 
been tlu; cause* of flu; injury to them, as tin* d(*- 
sern»fion denot(*.s that it Avas. 
IN.IURED (TIERRY TREES.—The sAV(‘(*t cherry 
suffers badly from hard fiax'zing, very often having 
(be trunk sjilit, as if by AV(*dg(*s, but more often the 
injury is not Adsilde (*xcejit as it a]»ix*ars in the Avay 
(•e.scribed. ’Flu* Mazzard, or native common black 
cherry, Avhlch is or should be us<*d as the stock f<tr 
budding tlu; sw(x;t varieties of cherries on, is mo.<t 
susc(*i*tibl(; to AA’int(*r injury, (*.six*cially on soils that 
are not Avell drain(*d or wlu*r(; th(*re is an (*xc(*ss of 
nitrogen in the fo<xl it obtains, and this AV(*akness 
S(;ems to lx* the rule in tlu; s]x*cies, Avhile individual 
tre(,*s jiroA’e an excejdion to it. .Tust across the str(*(*t 
fiom the Avriter’s home there Avas a iu*gl(*(;t(*d lot 
having no cnltlA'ation or fertilizer a]iidi(*d to it. 
Many Mazzard clu;rri(*s tlourished, growing into large 
tr(x*s, 50 or mon* f(*<*t high, Avith trunks two f(;(;t or 
inoiA* in diam(*t(*r. Alxiut 10 y(“ars ago I came into 
jx)ssession of this l.ind, cb‘iiiu*d out all Avild growths 
exc(*I)t tlu; Mazzards, cultivat(*d and fertilized it, 
using (juantities of stable manure and commercial 
f(*rtilizer, and within two years from the time this 
course Avas coninu*nc(;d ev<*ry tree; showed a ha.sty 
d(‘Clim*, and tiu; foiirth y(;ar all of them Avere i)rac- 
tically d(*ad. ’I'wo tr(*es standing in a n(;ighbor’s 
yard, one about 20 feet from the cultivat<*d liin*, is 
now dying, Avhih; tlu; other, some 50 f(;et farther 
{'.Avay, is groAving and aj)i)arently in as good h(*iilth 
as ever it Avas. 'I'lic sAv<*(*t clu;rry should lx* j)lanted 
on loamy or ju'c'ferably AV(*ll-drain(*d grav(*l soil— 
jicA'er on AA’et or sjudiigy soils—along f(*nce roAvs, or 
in any jdace AAdu*re tlu*y are not lik(*ly to he giv(*n 
.■ill excess of manure or cultivation. Tlu; stock 
should be a Mazzard and not a Mahah;!), as tlu; 
MaliaU;!) is a (hvarf-groAving stock and is not litt(;d 
t(» suj)j)ly a root system for the .strong-groAving Maz¬ 
zard, sw(*et or h(;art varieti(;s. The cherry has f(;AV 
insect enemies that injuri; it, not CA’en the curse of 
all tr(;e insects, tlu; San .lose scab*, Avill injun* 
the cherry. My advice to .7. R. Avould lx*, stoji cul¬ 
tivating and fertilizing your tre(;s until they are 
making a normal groAvt'h and jiroducing a croji of 
fruit; then keep up the fertility of your soil sufli- 
cient only for the healthy groAvth of your trees, but 
not to produce excessive Avood or foliage. Roth con¬ 
ditions are fatal to the health and life of a tree. 
E. S. Hr..VCK. 
