428 
^he RURAL NEW-YORKER 
March IG, 1G18 
NITED 
DISC 
Bowl 
THE NEW *"U. SyREQUIRES BUT 
-^2 CRANK TURNS PER MINUTE 
TOIL 
LESS : 
WITH ^ 
A 
u.s:’ 
“With others SIXTY tumi won’t do— 
What the ‘U. S.’ docs in FORH-TWO.” 
Makes dairying "heaps” easier Send for particulars 
Will wash, 
churn, fan, toast, supply electric fiat iron, 
save hundreds of steps, provide water all 
over house. Operating cost low. A comfort 
and a joy. 
Greatest thing out for the farm 
Send for full particulars 
Chicago, III. 
VERMONT FARM MACHINE CO. 
BELLOWS FALLS, VT. 
Portland, Ore. Salt Lake City, Utah Oakland, Cal. 
Works on Kerosena 
Without Smoke or Carbon' 
The La Crosse Happy Farmer Tractor is a regular kerosene tractor. It’s not just 
adapted to work on kerosene—nor just equipped with a kerosene carburetor, 
but is built with every unit of the motor designed to operate on kerosene and 
do it well. That’s why Happy Parmer owners have no carbon trouble—nor 
smoke nuisance. Patented short intake with hot exhaust passing through 
it completely vaporizes fuel charge. Positively prevents waste of fuel and 
guarantees full power all the time. Water jacketed twin cylinders—automatic control of 
spark—easy accessibility to working parts—sturdy construction—simple design. Elconomy 
of operation and ease in handling make the Happy Farmer the tractor j/ok want for all around 
farm work. Write for full description. We have a distributor near you for prompt service. 
LA CROSSE TRACTOR CO., Dept. 42 La Crocse, Wis. 
Happy 
JK 
Farmer uactor Model “A” 8-16 H. P. 
The Perfect Kerosene Burner ^685.00 
Model “B” 
12-24 H.P. 
$975 
WRITE 
your name on a postal and aend it to 
us for our new Catatos Folder. See 
how you can protect every huahel of 
Kraiii crops from lo»B,make more money ' 
nd help Uncle Sam win the war., wira 
(Id) 
WITTE Kcro-Oil 
ENGINES 
TflarshiUh^rainBins 
Made in 3 atyies and all elzea 
to fit any farm. Provide safe 
clean, well ventilated otoraKO 
for your ffrain. Ratoroof— 
fireproof^birdproof. Costa no 
more than wood. E^y to erect 
~last a lifetime. Food will win 
thewar-^on'twasteit. Write 
tor our new folder and prices. 
Iron Crib A Bin Co. 
Box 1212_ Wooeter, Ohle ^ 
//"BO^TY Could Tille 
rtie wonMMkf<»<«b;ltl.ii«|P«^*« h« 
one wwum -j 
worked organa of mUk-pi 
Koa>; it wwka with great 
Try Kow. 
Koma* 11 worm. w.«. tonic effect on the aye* 
Beoortag. I>o.t Appetl^ toohM. 
Boy Kow-Kor* from »oo 
dealers and druggiata. 
SAIRT ASIOCIATIOI CO., 
Vt. 
Booklet.''Tbs Homo Cow Doctor/* fTMt 
Bool^s IVbrfft Buying 
Plant Diseases, Massee. 1.60 
Landscape Gardening, Maynard.... 1.50 
Clovers, Shaw . 1.0® 
How Crops Grow, Johnson. 1.50 
Celery Culture, Beattie.60 
Greenhouse Construction. Taft. 1.50 
THE KURAL NEW-YORKER, 
333 WEST 30th ST., NEW YORK. 
Immediate Shipment' _ 
2, 3, 4,6,8,12,16 and 22 H-P. -Direct 
from the Largest Exelusiv Engine Factory 
in the world, selling by m»..L Nothing but 
engines. Quick Service —Big Saving—90 Day 
IVial, 6-Year Guarantee. Fuel cost one-half less 
using kerosene. Write for new book (copy¬ 
righted) “How To Judge Engines”,lprint€d in colors 
and fully illustrated, showing how I can save 
you $15 to $200“Sell you on practically your own terms 
—Cash, Payments or No Money Down.—Ed. H. Witte. 
WITTE ENGINE WORKS 
1897 Oakland Ave,, Kansas City, Mo. 
1897 Empire Bldg., Pittsburgh, Pa. 
THE ROOF THAT LASTS 
We have it. No rusting out I No painting or 
repairs needed. Easy to buy, easy to pay for, 
easy to put on. Satisfaction guaranteed or a 
new roof free. Write t oday for our splendid 
catalog of Armco American Ingot Iron Roofing 
and for our prices. We wil I save you big money. 
THE AMERICAN IRON ROOFING CO. 
Station |§ _ , Uiddletown, Ohio 
^NotSteel 
iiiiMiiiiiiiiiiMiiitiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiMiniiitiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiMiimintniitiiiiiiiMttiMiinfe 
|| The Best of Tankage 
11 should lie fed to your liogs. Don’t take a clianee 
= = and feed them poor low-grade material. Be sure 
11 o( your tankage and protect your stock by using 
If Ideal Digester Tankage 
gi 
Made from tlie iiest of meat scrap, oarefiilly 
sterilized, if you are not satisfied with results, 
we will return your money. Order now wliile 
we can supply you. 
Prices, Feeding Directions, 
etc., free on request. 
We also make "Ideal Meat 
Scraps" be si for increased 
egg production in winter. 
Write for prices, etc. 
IDEAL RENDERING CO. 
NORTH W’ALES, PA. 
11 
i s 
11 
Farm Mechanics 
The Power of a Pulley 
I have some land overgrown with 
locust, up to six inches or more in di- 
amt'ter, which I wish to clear. I thought 
of ti’.viug block and tackle. How much 
powei' is gained by the use of triple 
blocks, and wouid inch rope stand the 
pull of an ordinary team? G. i. M. 
Hiaek l.iek, I*a. 
The pulley is one of the six simple 
machines of which the lever, wedge, 
.screw, etc., are other examples, and 
works under the same l:iw, i. e., “The 
power multiplied by the distance tlirough 
which it acts equals the weight times 
the distance through which it is moved.” 
It is composed of a grooved wheel set in a 
frame or block, as it is called, with a 
means of attaching it to the object which 
is to be moved or lifted, and when de¬ 
signed for heavy work three or four of 
the.se juilleys, or sheaves, as they are 
called, are mounted in a single block. 
'I'wo of these blocks with tlie eonuectiug 
ropes are called a tackle. :tnd such an 
arrangement is well adaiited to the hand¬ 
ling of heuA’y loads. 
I’lilleys are, of two kinds, fixed and 
movciihle. A fixed imlley—a good ex¬ 
ample of w’hieh is the pulley in the end 
of the barn through which the horse- 
fork rope is thnnultsl—does not in any 
wtiy increase the pow**r tipplied but, like 
the pulley in the end of the baru, sei’ves 
to change the directiou of the pull only. 
A mcvciible pulley, however, like the one 
tittaehed to the fork, referring to the 
horse-fork again, douhh's the ]iulling 
force, hilt is nio'.u'd only o:ie-half the dis¬ 
tance tra\(‘led liy the force, tlius getting 
hack to tlie law lii’St mentioned of “force 
times distance equals weight times dis¬ 
tance.” This can he readily understood 
by I'eferring to the cut above, which 
shows a rope attached to an eye in a 
beam, and passing through both a fixed 
and moveable pulley. As may he seen, 
there are two strands of rope hi'tweeu the 
moveable pulley and the fixed pulley, and 
if the power is applied until the move- 
able block is raised one foot, and takes 
the position of the dotted lines, there 
will be tw’o one-foot sections of rope, A 
and B, that must have been taken up by 
the power, consequently the pulling force 
must have moved two feet. Going back 
to Hie original law we see that a force 
only one-half as rreat as the Aveight will 
be needed, a force of 100 pounds lifting 
a weight of 200, the products of the two 
couples being the same. A little observa¬ 
tion will allow us to deduce a simpler 
law, one directly applicable to the pulley. 
There arc two strands of rope supporting 
the load, and the pulling force is doubled, 
therefore we have thts rule: “A given 
force will support a load as many times 
as great as itself as ttiere are strands of 
rope supporting thi' load.” To this shouhl 
he added the explanation that the rope to 
which the force applied is not to he 
counted unless tlii' weight is being moved 
in the same direction in which the force 
is aching. This full force is never re¬ 
alized, howevt'r, as resistance to bending 
the nqie, friction in the sheaves, etc*., 
use nil a certain per cent of it, the 
amount of power used in this way vary¬ 
ing from 1." to 40 per cent or more. 
By the triple blocks mentioned by the 
c'orresiiondeut jirobaldy is meant a set of 
blocks carrying lliree .*5heaves each and 
having six c-onnecting rcqies supporting 
the load. Such a set of blocks will lift 
theorc'tically a weight six times as great 
as the force applied, but clue to the causes 
mentioued. only about 'two-thirds of this 
c-aii he realized, a pull on the fall rope of 
100 pounds raising avi actual weight of 
about 400 jioumls, the condition of the 
blocks and the size of the rope having 
much to do with tliis. A team of horses, 
for a short ])ull, can exert a forc-e equal 
to jqqiroximately oiie-lmlf their weight; 
c-onse(|uently a .“..DOO-poiind team using 
such a set of Itloeks Avonld he able to 
exert a O.OOO-poiind ]iull on the subject to 
wliich the movealile block was attached, 
and about 7.000 pounds if the weight and 
pull move ill the same diveetioii.- 
The breaking strength cif a new manila 
rojie, threo-strand. one-lneh. is variously 
estinuited at from O.OOO to 7,o00 pounds; 
four-strjind rope being about 10 per c-ent 
stronger. A rough method of finding the 
aiiproxlmnte breaking strength is to 
multiply the di'imeter iu inches by itself 
and lliis jiroduet by 7.200. 'J'he .safe 
working load is usually taken at from 
one-sixth to one-scventli of the breaking 
strength. 
1 would consider small wire cable and 
huge iron sheaves, similar to those u.sed 
on the old-fashioned upright hay pres.«f, 
of more Aalue in this Avork. as the c*ahle 
possesses great strength and is not so 
yielding and elastic as the manila rcqie. 
A c'ombiiiiition of c-iipstan and pulleys, as 
slioAVii. Avill inerc'ase the yiower. disregai'd- 
ing friction, 10 time's. I'lie SAveep lever 
in this case is eight times the radius of 
the drum and hy making it longer a 
still greater .•idvaiit.qge may he obtained. 
This immeuse leverage of c-ourse requires 
a vc'i'.v sti'ong cons'.laietion in the c*apstan. 
4'he base should he built on the plan of a 
stone Iioat lo jiermit ready moA’ing about 
Avliile iu use, chains being proA'ided to 
anchor it to stumps, in addition to being 
stakcal doAvn. Avhile being used. If the 
stumps are at all thick and good judg¬ 
ment is used in placing the sweep, a 
number may he jnilled before it is neces¬ 
sary to move the SAveep. R. tr. s. 
Boarding a Family 
In these trying times, Avheu labor ou 
the farm is so searc*e, is there any hope 
for a farmer who rc*fuses to hire a man 
at $15 a month V lIoAA'ever. aa'c are com¬ 
pelled to do this veu-y thing. One of our 
friencls in the city of Ncav York Avants 
us to hire him at these Avagc'S and hoard 
his “little family” of four. Thanks, no. 
My Avife already has much too large a 
fainily Avhen .she has a single man ti* 
cook and Avash for. We ciuit cjilling our 
family “little” years ago, es]»eeially in 
the Summer, Avhen sometimes we luiA-e 
10 or more for meal.s. liooking at this 
pi-oposition from any angle, I cannot see 
any good in it. I knoAV of nothing that 
Avould turn hair gray any faster. knoAviug 
conditions as I do. Wo c*onld not take 
another family in this house. We have 
a teiiiint house, hut these people clo not 
knoAv how to do all kinds of cooking or 
baking as one AAmuhl Iia\’e to in the 
country. IIow long. I Avouder. Avould 
there be peace on the farm if the boss 
tried to supply the table for that family 
either iu his OAvn home or at the tenant 
house, iu Avar timeV It has been my lot 
to break iu several men froin the city, 
and I do not like the job. This pro|)osi- 
tion does not happen to fit at our farm, 
hut no doubt there are places Avhere it 
Avould Avork very Avell. J. B. L. 
Seiieea Co., N. Y. 
H Iff* 
