477 
Oic RURAL NEW-YORKER 
Farm Conditions in Tennessee 
I read the letter of Mrs. II., page 152, 
and W. W. Reynolds’ article on page 298 
with a great deal of interest. I have lived 
among the mountains of Hawkins Cotinty, 
Teun., all of my life, and have long since 
learned that our people can make plenty 
to eat and wear, money to educate their 
children, some to spend for luxuries and 
some to lay by for the rainy day, if they 
use good judgment in their farm opera¬ 
tions, and work as men and women ought 
to work, and as God intends that they 
shoiild work. Farming in the hill coun¬ 
try presents many complex- problems, but 
after all. if we go after these problems 
right, we can solve them and make farm¬ 
ing' a iiaying business. I have seen a 
number of farmers leave here and go to 
the iirairie or plain States and stay a few 
years. .Making and saving some money, 
they usually come back here and buy a 
farm. They say they want to spend their 
last days on earth among the lovely hills 
and mountains of East Tennessee. 
Mr. Reynolds is correct in what he says 
about the red apples and sheep. Hun¬ 
dreds. yes, thousands, of farmers in this 
and adjoining counties plant orchards, 
never spray aiid seldom prune. Yet they 
grow large crops of apples for home use, 
and some for the local market. They have 
lots of apples stored away now (Feb. 25). 
Ry spraying and pruning the (piality and 
(juantity would both be greatly improved. 
We experience but little troubfe in getting 
good stands of clover and grasses, and 
much of our hill land will grow 50 bush¬ 
els of Ciu'u i)er acre. The writer has aver¬ 
aged 45 to 50 bushels per acre .on hill 
land for past five years. Our grass fields 
are now green, and the ewes and lambs . 
are heljiing themselves. We sow Orchard 
grass. Tall Oat grass. Rep-top. Timothy. 
Rlue grass, Alsike, Red and White clover 
and all do well. Our favorite is a mix¬ 
ture of Orchard, Tall Oat and Red-top 
with .\lsike clover. The fields that we 
sivw<'d at last cultivation of corn last year 
are now green and the stand is ideal. 
We raise sheep, but have been tempted 
many times to quit raising them on ac¬ 
count of the dogs; have had several sheep 
killed and crippled by dogs. Nearly all 
of our farmers have quit the sheep busi¬ 
ness on account of the dogs. Tennessee is 
one of the best sheep States in the T’nion, 
Imt our people think more of dogs than 
they do of sheep. Many of us would re- 
.ioice if our Federal Government would 
tax dogs to raise war revenue, as sug- 
gf'sted by Repi-esentative Mondell of Wy¬ 
oming. 
This is a great poultry section. Every 
farm has a flock of chickens, and most of 
them raise turkeys. Rogersville, our 
county-seat, and Morristown, the county- 
seat of Hamblen, are two of the largest 
poultry markets in the South. Clinch 
Valley, from Knox Count.v, Tenn., to 
through Tazewell County, Va., is said to 
grow as many turkeys as any section of 
like size in .America. The writer has 
raised over -8500 worth of turkeys in a 
single season. 
Our county grows all of the leading 
vegetables, raises enough corn and wheat 
to do us and some to spare; ships out 
several carloads of sheep, hogs and cattle 
every year. When our i)eople realize the 
possibilities of commercial apple growing 
we will ship out hundreds of carloads of 
No. 1 apples. 
All of our farmers are not prosperous. 
Many of them are growing 10 to 15 bush¬ 
els of corn per acre, 5 to 10 bushels^ of 
wheat, and their soil is fast washing 
away. The greatest disadvantage we have 
is too many loafers. A great many farm¬ 
ers work only a small portion of their 
time. Our country stores and town are 
the habitual loafing ])laces of too many 
farmers and their sons. The farmers who 
read and work are the ones who are suc- 
tlAWKINS COr.XTY F.MtMEK. 
grades, o4c, and oleomargarine, 28e. 
Eggs are down to 15c for white hennei-y, 
and 40 to 41c for storage. Cheese holds 
steady on good demand at 29 to 80c for 
top grade, 27c for new, and 81 to 83c for 
limburgei*. Poultry is quiet, but the sup- 
not large, at to .‘>Sc for frozen 
^ Jiiid chicken, 
-be for old roosters, 84e for ducks and 
-8e for geese, lave poultry is about 8c 
l<>wer than_ dressed. Rabbits ' are still 
l)lenty' at 45 to (>0c for cottontails and 50 
to Sue for jacks per pair. 
8ome retail prices of green stuff not 
listed in the^wholesale markets: Globe 
arhchoke.s, 15c _each or two for 2.5c • 
string beans, 25c qt.; cucumbers. 25c 
each ; peppers. .fS each ; spinach, 25c half 
peck; new Rermuda potatoes, 1.5c qt.; 
green beets, 5c bunch; green onions, .8 
bunches, 10c; cauliflower.s, 10c up; Cali¬ 
fornia lettuce, 15c per head. j. w c 
CONTENTS 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, MARCH 23, 1918 
FARM TOPICS 
The Story of a Day. 439 44 Q 
Farm Labor Problem in Illinois .. ' ’ 440 
Drying- Com Under Glass.440 
Notes on Making Maple Syrup. 441 
The Use of Oyster-shell Lime."'j 441 
Seeding Rye and Buckwheat Together. .441', 442 
Use of Nitrate of Soda. 440 
Testing and Treating Seed. 440 
Disking for Oat Seeding.;;;. 44 S 
Lime in Fertilizer. ’ ' 444 
Use of Hardwood Aashes...!!.!.'.!!!!!.'!! 444 
Potatoes on Poultry Run. 444 
Wood Ashes on Clay Soil. , [. 444 
Lime-Potash and Spring Wheat' 444 
Blind Drains . " 444 
Beets in New Jersey. 440 
Sterilizing Seed Beds . 440 
Sowing Winter Rye in Spring.. .'i I! i] i!;;;' 443 
Hope Farm Notes.' 452 ' 453 
Country-wide Produce Situation. ’ 468 
The Other Side of Farm L.abor. 473 
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY 
The Milk Situation. 455 
• A Drop-horned Shorthorn. 434 
Beef Sires in Dairy Herds...... 434 
Sunflower for Silage.464 
Milk and Farm News... aeo 
Feed and Milk. iSo 
Bull Power . 468 
Prolapse of Rectum.. ’. . 439 
Raising a Family Pig. !!!!!!" 470 
Pawing Cattle; Sheep Barn. ' 470 
The Ohio Corn Situation. 470 
Proportion of Grain to Milk.!. 470 
The Hog as Hired Man.[. 470 
Hog Raising in Florida . ......I. 472 
THE HENYARD 
A Bulletin on Capons. 474 
Women at Poultry Shows.'.! 474 
Loss of Chicks. '..'!!!!!. 474 
A Gape-worm Extractor.. 474 
Care of Guinea Fowl. 474 
Women at Poultry Shows. .!!] . 474 
Egg-laying Contest . 476 
Defective Laying .' ] ’ ’ ‘' 4^5 
Construction of Henhouse.476 
Starting in the Poultry Business. 476 
Expenses of Poultry Raising. 473 
''^‘Standa rds of Nutrition of 
TI-0-6A LAYING FOOD*"" 
TI O GA GROWING MASH 
Are the Standards of 
LIBERTY STANDARD 
POULTRY FEEDS 
Adopted by tha 
Pennsylvania War Poultry Oominlssion 
. and Bureau of Markets of the Pennsylvania 
Department of Agriculture 
Ask Your Dmaler for TI.O-CA FEEDS. Or Write as for Free Leaflets. 
Samples and Prices 
Manef.cfured by TIOGA MILL & ELEVATOR CO. BoxG,W«verIy.N.Y. 
free Bulletin on Liberiv Poultry Feeding Standards can he obtained 
pom the Bureau of Markets, Harrisburg. Pa, 
□ 
Poultry Item’s Special Get-Acquainted Offer \ 
3 months for 10 cents for the largest and best 
Poultry magazine in the East, March issue, 
100 pages, alone worth dollars to you. Regular 
newstand price 10 cents single copy. Don't miss 
this chance to learn how to grow poultry pro- 
ntably. Send dime today. 
POULTRY ITEM, 25 Maple Ave. Sellersville, Pa. 
_ lF/igre t he Rooster Crows the Item Goes! 
Comb White Leghorns 
r).'iy-<qd chicks, $15 per hundred. Eggs, $7.50 
per hundred. From Cornell selected bree<iers 
headed by S. L. Purdie strain. 
W. J. BUNNELL, - Atwater, N. Y. 
Barron whiteLeehoms, cockerels; chicks in 
a specialty. Moderate 
prices. NKLSOlSr UKWEY, Middleport, N. Y. 
EGGS FOR HATCHING 
l rom fully matured, perfectly mated, selected from 
nundreds for their prolific Jayinj; qualities. Vigor, 
and color of dark mahogany, really aristocratic. 
Birds of Distinction. Pen A, *10; Pen B, »8 per 
hundred. Utility pens, SG..) 0 . Book Early. 
E. L. PURDY. Phone I-F-l, Hopewell Junction, N. Y. 
GetNewBlueHenBook 
Befbie^nBny! 
3 Sizes— $17.50 up 
oossful. 
Buffalo Markets 
and hay remain biRli, the price 
being .$14 to .$1.5 per 100 lbs. 
Beans 
of beans „ . . 
and be.st Timothy hay .$.82 per ton. 
Ro- 
tatoes would have been plenty by this 
time but for the weather, which spoiled a 
large amount of them by freezing them on 
the road or in cellars. They wholesale 
at 80e to .$1 per bn., the market being 
eas.v. Sweets are .$2.7.5 per hamper for 
Jersey. Apples do not change much in 
price, the top quotation remaining at 
.$0.50 per bu. for Kings and grade 
greenings. Box apple.s are very plenty, 
and if one knows that certain varieties, 
such as M'ine.saps and .Tonatbans, are 
wonderfully fine-flavored, and the high 
jirices, $2 to .$2.40 per box, are not ex¬ 
orbitant. Rome Beauty and Spitzenburg 
are (pioted high also. 
Cabbage has gone down to .$2 per Flor¬ 
ida hamper, or $3 per 100 lbs.,- home¬ 
grown. Bushel crops are .$1 to .$1.2.5 for 
beets. .50 to 80c for carmts, .$1.25 for 
parsnips, and $1 to .$1..50 for white tur¬ 
nips. Celery is plenty at .$8..50 per Cali¬ 
fornia crate. .$2.25 per Florida crate and 
25 to 90c per doz. for home grown. Other 
dozen-bunch vegetables are 2.5 to .8.5c for 
parsley, radishes and shallots, and 6.5 to 
7.5c for vegetable oyster. A feAv fine hot¬ 
house cucumbers bring .$.8 per doz. I.et- 
tuce is $1 to .$1.2.5 per 2-doz. box, or .$8 
to $8.25 per Florida hamper. Yellow' 
turnii)S. .$1.80 to .$1.90 per bbl.; Western 
onions are 75c to $1.25 per bag. A few 
straw'berries wholesale at 40 to 4.5c per 
<lt. Bananas are scarce at .$2 to $5 per 
bunch ; citrus fruits are plenty at .$.5 to 
$7 per box for m-anges. $6 to $7 for 
lemons and .$8.,50 to $.5 for grapefruit. 
Creamery butter is not above .50c, with 
daij-y 4.8 to 48c and crock .88 to 45c; low 
HORTICULTURE 
Weedy Strawberries and Asparagus. 448 
Notes from a Maryland Garden. 449 
Prison for the Robins. ' ■ 453 
Crows and Moles. 453 
Birds and Fruit. 453 
WOMAN AND HOME 
Corn Beer . 443 
Light_ from Small Motor. 443 
Chemistry of Vinegar-making. 443 
Mending Aluminum . ] [ 443 
Compressed Air for Refrigeration. 443 
Corn Syrup . 443 
Frozen Arsenate of Lead. 443 
Kerosene in Concrete Cistern. 443 
Second-hand Water Glass. 443 
Making Vinegar Quickly.....44'3, 444 
Using Watch as Compass. 444 
Effects of Frost. .....' 444 
Pastoral Parson and His Country Folks. 
T, , 445. 446, 463 
Old Ben Farr’s Awakening. 453 
New Method of Teaching Geography. 456 
Brother as Sister’s Support. 453 
Finding a “Diamond Ring’’.i 453 
Is There Room for Me. . . . 453 
New York Women Vote.456 
The Girl and Her Education. 456 
Difficult Canning Problems Solved. 458 
Easier Dishwashing . 453 
The Story of a Day.459 
From Pulpit to Poultry Keeping. 459 
Among the Children. 433 
"On the Trap-line”. 430 
The Deadly Doorknob. 431 
The Home Dressmaker.462, 463 
Farm Women’s Experience . 463 
War Bread. 433 
Notes by a Farm Mother.. .'.'466 
MISCELLANEOUS 
The Politicians and the Farmers. 455 
Farm Federation Meeting . 455 
Homemade Beehives. 473 
The Game of Quoits . . . 473 
School Law in New Jersey. 473 
Homemade Beehives . 473 
DOGS 
FOR SALE 
Baby Chicks-Single Comb Varieties 
white leghorns, black MINORCAS, RHObE ISLAND REDS 
Al.so have Pen 47, which was tliewinning Reds attlio 
la.stlnternationalEggLayingContestheldat Storrs, 
Conn., tiie 10 hens laying 1990 Eggs, average 199Eggs 
per hen. Limited nninber of these chicks to sell. 
Write torcircular. A. J. Fancett, Unndee, N.Y. 
Rose Comb Reds 
(V I B E H T STRAIN) 
-el to L’69-Egg rates. Hatching Eggs $2 per 15; 
^ $8 per 100. 
D. EVERETT JONES, Hillsdale, N. Y. 
Blue ) Incubators. 65-440 eggs 
„ Brooders, 100-1000 chicks . 
nen 1 Hovers. 50-100 chicks 
MO.NKY BACK (U’AKAMEK 
You take out ’“chick In.surance’ 
when you put in a Blue Hen. 
Write for your copy of book TODAY. 
WATSON .HANIFACTI RIXO COMI'A.NY 
2746 Ann Street, Lnneitster, l*n. M 
Dept. 2748, 1534 Masonic Temple, Cliicago,lll. 
Any incubators, brooders, 
hovers or other poultry 
eipilpiiient. Send for onr 
Special “Get Acquainted” Offer 
niul I'Gpy 4»f free book 
"Making Poultry Pay” 
$12- 75 up 
17 50 up 
9 00 up 
s. c. 
Vitality and Kgg rrotiuclion 
HATCHING 
BABY CHICKS 
G. T. SPONENBERGH, 
WHITE LEGHORNS 
Egg I 
EGGS fbom tom barron’s 
UTILITY STOCK 
A SPECIALTY 
SAFE DELIVERY 
MAHOGANY STRAIN REDS 
SniBle combs only. For years I have selected Fall 
and Winter layers for breeders. Mated to rich .Ma¬ 
hogany colored males. Eggs, $2 for 16; $5.50 
for 50; $ilO for lOO. Write for circular. 
II. CJUACKENBUSH, Box 500, IJarien, Conn. 
S. C. Rhode Island Reds 
heavy fall and winter layers, have prodnce<i a 
strain of utility birds, we honestly believe second 
to none. Eugs: $2 for 15; S 6 for 50; SI0 for 100. 
Ileynoltls Poultry Farm, So. Norwalk, Oonu. 
MORE EGGS 
Our heavy-laying trap-nested strains of 
S. C. Rhode Island Reds and Buff Orpingtons 
have done away with guess xvork in poultry. Free 
literature. HICKORY FARM, Olfiee 4 Madison Kve., Springfield, Mass. 
S. C.ir.l. REDS 
_Cookstoiui, N. J. 
►-“Perfection” Barred Rocks 
I lls m e mated to produce best rcsult.s. E.-diibition 
quality, S4 for 16 eggs. 3 settings, J10. Vtility, *2 for 15 
eggs; SIO for UK). One mature bird from eitlier setting 
worth more than cost of entire setting. Price list on re- 
qiiest. . J)r. II AY.MAX, DoyUhtowii. Pa. 
Silliman’s Whifp Rnph several fine pens sis each 
w Lrr r svr . Ir ^GGS. COCKERELS. PULLETS 
AV. StLLIMAN. . 1.SLIP, L. I. 
horns imported direct. E. 
pure Barron Leg. 
E. LEWI8, Apnluclilii, .N, Y. 
BARRED PLYMOUTH ROCK 
Hatching eggs from Lioted winter layers trap nested 2 to 4 years old. 
J. F. TRANCAIS Westhamplon Beach, L, I., N, Y. 
Eggsfor Settingfrom Vigorous White Wyandottes 
Hens ‘y^’®3ed with pure English strain. $6 per 
100. FRANK M, EDWARDS. Water Mill, Sultolk Co., N. V. 
150 Laying While Wyandotte Pullets from trap- 
hens, l.')0-246. $2.50 each. S3 small lots- An nimsnal 
hpriiig bargain. Bra yman Farm, Wesfville, N. H. 
Owen F arms 
Best Strain. 
GRACE ROE, 
Hatching Eggs. 
Sherburne, N. Y. 
Eggs for Hatching I”-™ SE: 
Vibert 231-251-egg strain. Eggs. S3 per 16; SI O per 100 
Chicks, S26 per 100. A.NNA M. JONES, Charyville, N.Y. 
DLACK LANGSHANS. Dual purpose farmers’ fowl. Great for- 
layers. Unsurpassed as table 
fowls. Stock and Eggs for sale. M.G. MARCY. Falls Village. Conn. 
S C R I Reda of heavy wintor-Uying strain. Des- 
O. U. n. I. neus Madison Square G.n den 
winners. High grade breeding stocTf. Hatching 
Eggs. W. E.;HoIlenbeck, Box 174. Hudson, N.Y. 
Y. I TRIO ItEArTIFFLRINeLETHAItREh ROCKS 
_ j ^ on approval, SIO. SC.N.VYVaLE KaUM, Otego, .New York 
—w bed, Narragansett and W. 
‘■S5“ , ‘■6S” Holland turkeys ti per 12. B P Rocks 
Chickens, $1.26 per 15. All eggs prepahl! 
Orders tilled promptly. 
Hocks 
egrps prepaid. 
tsstern Ohio Poultry Form, BeallsvHle. 0. 
REGISTERED 
AIREDALE TERRIER PUPPIES 
Whelped Jan. 29,1918, Five males and two 
females. Sired by a splendid son of the 
International Ch. Abbey King Nobbier 
Extended pedigree upon request. 
Females, $10; Males, $1S 
KENNETH M. CRAIG, Glen Spey, Sull. Co., N. Y. 
S. C. Rhode Island Reds n e’w yo r'k s“h X*s Eggs andChicks f^o^rtiiity Bred white Plymouth 
s7oek?'usoT^ "'for'liiiSmid^’foV^ cSai? 
FAKM.S, Box R, Pawling,N. yI 
females; tour months: champion pedigree; typical 
_ cocky specimens, $ 8 . 
WEEHWEEiE FARSIS. Canterbury, C< 
W rite today for yours. 
R. C. Bred to Lay. Blue Ribbon 
r fieatiiog Shows. 
P*T.. *8.50 for lOO. 
CATALPA POULTRY FARM, W. G. Horner. GETTYSBURG, PA. 
Rhode Island Whitesc®o“^b 
P.®** famous layers. Mid-winter records 
2Jio28eggsin:fQdays. $2 per Jo. 0. G.L.Lewis. Paoli, Pa. 
R. C. Reds—Pearl Guineas Hen^® $2*50 ^wartwout 
Eggs for hatching, 15c each. Guinea.s, $3 each'. 
Sinclair Smith, Box 153, Southold, Suffolk Co., N. Y. 
fo r circ ular. Oakwood Farm, Yaphank, L. 1., N. Y. 
Rock *3 per 15.” Exhibition 
Silver Penciled Plymouth •■88» stock & heavy layers. 
C. J. S HELMIUINE, Lorraine, N, Y. 
Guinea and Turkey 
— Lirge catalog free. 
tDWl.N A. SOl'DEH, Xelforil, I’u. 
BOURBON RED TURKEYS 
TOMS AND HENS 
FOR 
SALE 
LOCKE, N. Y, 
Pure Bred White Holland Turkeys r'"®' 
' Rodman, New York 
.;onn. 
Airedales and Collies ^ 
pups, grown dogs, and brood matrons. Larue* in¬ 
structive list, 5c. W. R. WATSON. Box 1745, Oakland, Iowa 
COLLIE male pup cheap. 
^ ^ ^ ^ W. Godfrey, North Java, N.Y. 
«IE A YoungThoroughbred Airedale Bitch 
?o«. Last litter, thirteen pups. KKA.NK lIKAU,Ameiiia,.\.Y.’ 
It L « I 8 T E R E 1» A I K E !► A L E T{1T< ll-hne- 
tranied—guaranteed.—$ 25 . I'RtliMORK, iJfhoy, .\. j. 
BABY 
CHIX 
■ I 
I 
From a Heavy Laying Strain of 
Single Comb White Leghorns 
recordff Jr L-ify’ 
won wherever shown. 
Prizes 
Average 47^ during winter months 
LARGE CAPACITY 
■■ enables me to ship all orders promptly and you get the chicks when vou 
. ‘‘Baby Chh;ks :‘$9 pe®r 50; $16 per 10 ^® elsewhere before sending 
Also furnish chick, for broilers. A few choice 
_Archer W. Davii, Prop. MOUNT SINAI, L. 1., N Y 
want them. .S 
for onr catalog. 
