. 520 
Oic RURAL NEW-YORKER 
April G, 1!)18 
Mt.DIJM 
'•VCutCAlLONSMtl 
IHAVGLiNE 
If you could watch 
havolIne oil 
inside the cylinder 
If you could see the cylinders of your automobile or tractor 
motor cut in half with the piston going, you would see the real 
reason for Havoline Oil. 
You would see a film of oil evenly spread between piston rings and 
cylinder side. You would see the piston moving with the lightning-like 
rapidity of hundreds of strokes per minute. 
You would see heat as high as 3000° at the cylinder head, with the 
walls below at some 400°—heat which the most perfect cooling system 
could not prevent from ruining your motor were not good oil protecting 
the closely fitting steel surfaces. 
It takes an oil like Havoline to maintain this film constantly even and 
indestructible under the wear and great heat in your motor. One little 
break in that protecting oil film would put dry metal against dry metal, 
and friction would quickly get in its deadly work. 
Then, too, that fine film of Havoline between piston and cylinder wall 
acts as a seal to prevent the gases escaping between cylinder wall and 
piston. If these gases should break through they would eat into the oil, 
kill its lubricating quality, and then would begin your motor’s break-down. 
If you could see this you would know that Havoline is the safest oil you 
can give your motor under all conditions. 
Havoline Greaaea are compounded of Havoline Oil and pure, sweet tallow. 
Your dealer knows the of Havoline Oil and Grease for the motor 
and gears of your tractor or passenger car. Ask his advice. 
Snbian Company - - New York 
Sntorporatet) 
Producers and Refiners of Petroleum 
HAVOLINE OIL 
»BC. U S. PAT. OPP. 
It Makes a Difference 
PAINT! 
COLOR CARD FREE 
GET PARTICULARS BEFORE 
PAYING HIGHER PRICES 
$1 or more a Gallon saved 
Exceptional coverinpr capacity. 
Attractive colors. Low prices 
because of our method of .sell¬ 
ing direct to user. Fine quality 
—ready-mixed and ready for use. 
and money and gives you a reliable paint, produc¬ 
ing pleasing results. Quality is the first considera¬ 
tion. Send today for our clrciilai's and read the 
full story. You can probably save $5 to $10 a house. 
Do you want to save money on paint you’ll be 
proud of 1 Free ROOFING BOOK If you want It. 
WEBBER LUMBER A SUPPLY COMPANY 
81 0 Thompson Street Fitchburg, Mass. 
DIRECT 
TO USER 
AT LOW 
PRICES 
This saves time 
Lime spread 
with the n & 1) ‘•Eco¬ 
nomic” Lime Spreader is 
worth many times more than lime 
spread by band or a machine that 
spreads in rows. Goes on evenly in a perfect sheet 
and not in lumps and chunks. Puts it where the crop 
can get it. Ko gearing to wear out. Positive force 
feed. Adjustalne from nothing to 8,400 pounds of 
lime per acre. Eight foot length. Don’t waste lime 
and time and labor by liand spreading. 
Don’tbuy a Drill, Cultivator.lHarrowJTJme Spread¬ 
er, Potato Digger or any other piece of Farm Macliiu- 
ery, before writing for our special catalog. State 
what machine you want and give vour dealer’s name. 
HENCH & DROMCOLD CO., 1810 Sixth Ave., York, Pa. 
USE NATCO DRAIN TILE 
Farm drainage demands durable tile. Our drain tile are made of best 
Ohio clay, thoroughly hard burned—everlasting. Don’t have to dig 
’em up to be replaced every few years. Write for prices. Sold in carload 
lots. Also manufacturers of the famous RATCO IMPSRISHABLS 
_ SILO, Katco Building Tile and ITatco Sewer Pipe. 
National Fire Proofing Company - 1121 Fulton Building, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
T\l^: 
Farm Mechanics 
Pumping Water from Spring 
I should like to pump water from <a 
spring looated 70 foot from barn, and 
boiug 10 foet lower than barn, 1 expect 
to put a storage tank in the barn and 
immp water in it every week. It will 
he imjxi.ssible to have the pipe more than 
10 inches below the ground, as it is solid 
rock all the way, and the foundation of 
the barn is solid rook, so blasting could 
not be done without shattering the foun¬ 
dation. Could I inimp water through a 
pipe so h-iid when ground all around it 
wa.s frozen, and would the pipe drain out 
every time, or would it freeze while 
draining? T can run water through it 
at oO )ionnds jiressure. What size pipe 
would it require? Would %-inch he 
large enough? e, f. r. 
Goshen, X. Y. 
I would expect no great difficulties in 
pumping water under the conditions out¬ 
lined by E. F. P., if the vertical lift has 
bt'en accurately measured and is no more 
than stated. From the statement that a 
storage tank is to be u.sed in the barn I 
take it for granted that the only danger 
from freezing is in the suction pipe lead¬ 
ing from the spring to the barn, and 
that the pump will not be subjected to 
freezing temperatures. A means of quickly 
draining the suction pijie when pumping 
ceases is all that is reciuired to prevent 
freezing here. This can be done by tap¬ 
ping the suction jiipe just below the 
cylinder and fitting it with an air-cock 
as shown iir Fig. 207, which may be 
opened when the pmni>ing is finished, 
permitting air to enter the upper end of 
the suction pipe and allowing the water 
to e.scape from the lower end by the 
action of gravity. In connection with 
this arrangement it is essential that the 
suction pipe be laid to a perfectly nni- 
form slant or grade, so that there will he 
no ])ockets in it in which Avater could 
settle and freeze. It is best to use a 
level and straight edge in laying this line, 
and not trust to the e.ve alone. It is 
probably hardly necessary to call atten¬ 
tion to the fact that all joints must he 
tight in this line of pijie to prevent leak¬ 
age of air while pumping. 
As there can be no foot valve used on 
the suction pipe it Avill be necessary to 
prime the pump each time before using 
it. Xo in’ovisiou is made for this on the 
ordinary force pump, hut if the stable is 
non-freezing a small pipe can he con¬ 
nected in just above the cylinder by 
moans of a reducing tee, leading to the 
storage tank as shown, or even terminat¬ 
ing in a funnel into which water could 
be poured for priming.. This pipe could 
be fitted with a valve which when open 
would permit water to flow from the 
storage tank to the pump cylindei’, prim¬ 
ing it, if the connections are made as 
shown in the cut. 
-Vs to the size of the suction pipe, %- 
inch would be altogether too small. The 
suction pipe should never be smaller than 
the opening provided for it in the cylin¬ 
der, and in the case of the ordinary farm 
pump this opening is usually made to 
take either IVi or li/fj-inch pipe. The 
only force available to make the water 
flow up the suction pipe is that exerted 
by the pressure of the atmosphere—about 
in pounds per square inch. Acting 
against this is the weight of the A'ertical 
column of Avater that is being lifted in 
the pipe, in this case 10 feet. As water 
exerts a pressure, due to its weight, of 
nearly one-half pound for each foot in 
height it is readily apparent that we have 
left only about 10 pounds per stiuare inch 
as the only force aViHahle for pushing 
the water through the 70 feet of suction 
pipe. The frictional resistance of water 
flowing through *, pipe iucreases very 
rapidly as the velocity iucreases—about 
as the s<iuare of the velocity—and as, 
with the same quantity of water deliv¬ 
ered, the velocity would be about five 
times as great with the %-inch pipe as 
it would with the li/4-iuch pipe it fol¬ 
lows that the resi.stauce to flow would be 
about 25 times as great. A considera¬ 
tion of these figures will show the inad¬ 
visability of reducing the size of the pipe 
on the suction side of the pump, where 
the pressure that may be utilized to force 
the water through is never greater than 
15 pounds per square inch. 
Some trouble may possibl.v he encount¬ 
ered through water leaking past tlie valves 
in the plunger and cylinder, which can¬ 
not bo drained, and trickling down in the 
suction pipe, where it freezes and Iniilds 
up, finally stopping the pipe. By the 
use of a tee below the cylinder, fitted 
with a plug as shown, this difficulty may 
be overcome, the ping being remove<l in 
the coldest weather, permitting the leak¬ 
age water to escape in the barn, where 
the temperature is above freezing, instead 
of working along the pipe and freezing 
when it reaches the colder outdoor sec¬ 
tions. u. II. s. 
One-pipe Furnace 
I am going to install some system of 
heating in my home. I have read ami 
heard a great deal about the so-called one- 
pipe, or pipeloss furnace. Are these fur¬ 
naces practicable? Would you recommend 
their use? My cellar is small and under 
only one room. This means that vege¬ 
tables, etc., must be kept in same cellar. 
I am planning on building a chimney 
which will extend to cellar and will hr 
straight. In the living room I wi.sh tn 
put a fireplace. How should the chim- 
'Air Valve in Pump Cylinder. Fitj. d67 
ney be built, how large, and should it 
have separate flues? If separate flues, 
should rhey extend to basement or just 
from fireplace up? f j, x 
Westfield, X. Y. 
The one-pipe furnaces are giving satis¬ 
faction in houses adapted to their use; I. 
myself, am heating my residence with out' 
of them, and several of my neighbors arc 
using them. I do not think that they 
should he indiscriminately recommended 
for all houses, but where the arrangement 
of rooms and location of cellar makes 
them practicable they will certainly do 
the work. From my own personal obser¬ 
vation, covering what I hoiie is the great¬ 
er part of what I still more fervently 
hope is the most severe Winter that I shall 
ever experience, I believe that they are 
exceptionally economical in fuel, and there 
is no question of their convenience in the 
matter of installation. The claim that 
they will not heat the cellar is exaggerat¬ 
ed, however ; they do not give off nearlj’ 
as much heat as the ordinary type of hot¬ 
air furuace, but thej’ do do give off a very 
perceptible amount. As to the fireplace. 
I cannot advise you, further than to sug¬ 
gest that you put the matter up to the 
manufacturers of the furuace that yon 
contemplate imstalling. Whether such an 
outlet for heated air would interfere with 
the proper circulation of air through the 
rest of the house, or not, I cannot siiy. 
It seems to me that it might; at any rate, 
I should prefer to let the manufacturer's 
experts decide the matter for me. 
M. B. D. 
