564 
RURAL NEW.YORKER 
April 13, 1918 
EXPECT MORE FROM A 
- more cream 
- longer wear 
- betrcr service 
~ better value, 
AND THEY GET IT 
A catalog of the NEW DeLaval Machines will be gladly sent oa 
request, and if you don’t know your nearest local agent please 
simply address the nearest De Laval main office as below* 
THE DE LAVAL SEPARATOR CO. 
165 Broadway, New York 29 EU Madison St., Chicago 
50,000 BRANCHES AND LOCAL AGENCIES THE WORLD OVER 
BLACKLEGOIDS 
THE SAFE, EFFECTIVE BLACKLEG VACCINE 
WHY TTAKE CHANCES 
WHEN BLACKLEGOIDS AND A LITTLE LABOR WILL HELP YOU 
PREVENT LOSS FROM THIS FATAL DISEASE. 
NO DOSE TO MEASURE NO LIQUID TO SPILL 
NO STRING TO ROT 
WRITE FOR FREE BOOKLETS ON BLACKLEG AND HOW TO PREVENT IT 1 
Dept, of Animal 
Industry 
PARKE, DAVIS & CO. 
DETROIT, 
MICHIGAN 
Two Excellent Vegetable Books 
By R. L Watts •> 
Vegetable Gardening ..... $1.75 
Vegetable Forcing ....... 2.00 
For sale by 
The Rural New-Yorker 
333 W. 30th St., New York 
LABEL 
DANA’S EAR LABELS 
Ai e stamped with any name or address with serial 
numbers. They are simple, practical and a distinct 
and reliable mark. Samples free. Agents wanted. 
C H DANA,74: Main St.,West Lebanon, N.H 
HOGS ADVANCE 
200 PER CENT 
Buyers at Chicago are paying as high 
as 18(f per pound for live hogs, the highest 
price in history. Compared with two years 
ago, this is an advance of 200%. The de¬ 
mand is strong and sure to continue. Here is the 
opportunity of a lifetime to secure big returns. 
Feed your pigs 
Reichard’s Digester Tankage 
and watch ’em grow into dollars. This superior brand of tankage supplies the necessary mus¬ 
cle and bone-building materials lacking in all grain feeds. It insures health, perfect digestion, 
quick and even development and makes big profits sure. You can’t afford to do without it. 
The sensational Berkshire boar shown above—Majestic Mammoth 229500—weighed 407 lbs. 
at seven months of age. He was bred by Mr. C. H. Carter, West Chester, Pa., who regularly 
fed him Reichard’s Digester Tankage. 
Write for samples of tankase, prices and interesting: booklet, FREE. 
ROBEIRT A. REICHARD 15 W. Lawrence St., Allentown, Pa* 
Cutting Out “Black Teeth" 
Some of our readers have received a 
circular from the Department of Agricul¬ 
ture in regard to the treatment of little 
pigs just after they are bom. The ad¬ 
vice is to cut out the black teeth as fol¬ 
lows : 
Before placing the pigs with the sow, 
cut out the eight small tusk-like teeth. 
There are four of these on each jaw in 
the rear of the mouth. These teeth are 
very sharp, and if left in the pig’s mouth 
they will likely cause tearing of the sow’s 
udder, and. the little pigs cut one an¬ 
other’s mouths while fighting for a teat 
These teeth can be removed with bone 
forceps, wire nippers, or with a knife. 
Never pull out the teeth. Always cut or 
break them off. After this operation is 
over, place the pigs with the sow, care 
being taken that each one gets to a teat 
When the after-birth is pas,sed, it should 
he removed from the pen at once and 
buried^ or burned. There is good reason 
to believe that eating the after-birth is 
often the beginning of the habit of eating 
pigs. 
Our readers want to know if this is 
good advice, as they have seen it stated 
that such teeth "nvIII do no harm. ]\Iost 
veterinarians object to cutting out these 
teeth, unle.ss it is done by some one with 
considerable skill. The trouble is that 
the wound is likely to form “canker’’ of 
a dangerous form. These teeth are not, 
correctly speaking, in the rear of the 
mouth, as they are not always present. 
It is said that they are most common and 
prominent in pigs where the sows are fed 
a very rich ration during gestation. If 
some one has had experience in taking 
the,se teeth out it is well enough to oper¬ 
ate, but a man who knows little about it 
•will be likely to wound the jaw and run 
the risk of making more trouble than the 
teeth w'onld. 
Tankage for Young Pigs 
I have ordered some young pigs five 
w’eeks old, to be delivered in May. I have 
had pigs before and fed them middlings 
and oil meal, fattened them on cornmeal, 
and they weighed 175 to 180 lbs. by 
Dec. 1. Can I use tankage instead of 
oil meal, and what quantity? The pigs 
(two) will have a grass run with shade, 
inclosed by 10 rods of fencing, with a 
gi'od house and straw bedding. I have 
no milk and must buy all feed. 
Sullivan Co., N. Y. o. L.G. 
Digester tankage is a more economical 
carrier of protein than oil meal, even 
though it may co.st approximately twice 
as much per ton. In other Avords, 5 lbs. 
of digester tankage is equal in feeding 
value for swine to about 12 lbs. of oil 
meal. Furthermore, it is more of an ap¬ 
petizer and does not disturb the digestive 
or excretory sysb'm as obtains when oil 
meal is included in the ration. For pigs 
of the age suggested, namely, 10 weeks, a 
very useful mixture would‘consist of mid¬ 
dlings .six parts, ground oats three parts, 
digc.ster tankage one' part. Cornmeal 
should be added to the mixture when the 
pigs reached a weight of 75 lbs. or 100 
lbs. at which time the middlings should 
be replaced bj' com and the animals fin¬ 
ished with cornmeal and tankage mixed 
in proportion of 9 to 1. It is an excel¬ 
lent idea to let the pig.s have access to 
an abundance of forage and the more 
green material that they will gather for 
themselves the more grain that can be 
saved. Digester tankage is by all means 
the most economical supplement for carbo¬ 
hydrate feeds, and even at its present 
cost, approximating $110 per ton, it is 
clearly an economical source of digestible 
protein. P- c. mi.\ki.eb. 
surplus honey except under favorable con¬ 
ditions of sea.son and mauageinent. 'I’he 
proper management of bees is too long a 
story to be told in a few paragraphs, but 
with regard to re-queoning a colony it 
may be said that this is done at any time 
after the honey season opens. An Italian 
queen may he purchased by mail from any 
queen breeder and installed in the hive 
after the 'native queen has been re¬ 
moved. If you are not sufficiently famil¬ 
iar with the work to do this alone, and 
do not care to read up on the subject 
from- manuals of instruction your best 
plan would be to get some neighboring 
bee-keeper to do the work for you. The 
bee journals carry the advertisements of 
queen breeders. Bee management is not 
beyond the intelligence or skill of any 
ordinary man or woman, but its prin¬ 
ciples must be learned by reading or ob¬ 
servation before one can expect to care 
successfully for even two colonies. 
M. B. D. 
Proportion of Cream to Butter 
Would you tell me how many quarts of 
cream are needed to make one pound of 
butter? w. H. 
New York. 
The numl>er of quarts of cream re¬ 
quired to make a pound of butter de¬ 
pends on the per cent of butter fat in the 
cream, or the richness of it as we say. 
There is about .84 lb. of fat in one pound 
of butter. If cream te.sted 30 per cent it 
■would take .84-^-.30, or 2.8 lbs. of cream 
for 1 lb. of butter. For all practical 
purposes a quart of cream is 2 lbs. It 
would, therefore, take about a quart and 
a half of cream. If the cream tested only 
20 per cent it would take .84-:-.20, or 
4.2 lbs. of cream. n. f. .t. 
AILING ANIMALS 
Stiff Pigs 
I have a pair of young pigs about three 
or four months old which have grown 
right along and were doing well until re¬ 
cently when they began to get stiff and 
act sore in all four legs. They lie in 
their bed about all the time^ just getting 
up when I feed them. Their appetite is 
very poor, as they only eat four or five 
quarts betw'een the two. As they are 
not too fat nor have been overfed I do 
not know what the matter is and would 
appreciate some advice as to what I 
should do for them. Can you help me 
out? J. A. 
New York. 
Constipation and lack of exercise is 
the common cause of such conditions. 
Physic the pigs wdth epsom salts in wmter 
or slop; then keep the bowels active and 
make the pigs take exercise every day. 
Add oilmeal to the slop of milk, wheat 
middlings and ground barley or rye. Do 
not feed ground oats, boiled potatoes or 
corn. If constipation persists, mix salts 
or raw linseed oil in the slop. a. s. a. 
Improving Weak Swarm of Bees 
I liav(‘ two swarms of bees that I 
bought with tlie fanii, but last year they 
did not make a l)it of honey in the super 
and only swarmed once. This year I 
would like to know what I can do to help 
them to make honey. Some tell me to get 
an Italian queen. Where can I get one, 
and how can I kill the ijneeus I Lave? 
Tuttle Genesee, N. Y. A. ii. R. 
If your bees did not make any surplus 
honey last year, it is quite likely that the 
colonies were not of sufficient strength to 
do good work; just why, one could not 
tell without knowdng more about the con¬ 
ditions present. An Italian queen Avill 
improve any stock of native bees, but 
even Ttal’an or hybrids will not store 
Periodic Ophthalmia 
I have a horse which has trouble with 
her eyes, first one and then the other. 
They start from the bottom; then she 
cannot see. I am afraid that she will go 
blind. M. R. A. 
Unfortunately the disease present no 
doubt is periodic ophthalmia (moon 
blindness) which is incurable and will 
eventually end in blindness of one or 
both eyes. This may be retarded some¬ 
what by giving one dram of iodide of 
potash in feed or water twice daily for 
10 days at time of attack and at such 
tinies keeping the eyes covered with a 
soft cloth, to be kept wet with a 4 pex 
cent solution of boric acid. Meanwhile 
put a few drops of a 15 per cent solution 
of argyrol between the eyelids once daily 
or apply it to the eyes with a soft camel’s 
hair brush. It is well not to use an af¬ 
fected stallion or mare for breeding as 
tendency to the disease is considered 
hereditary. Some also consider it an in¬ 
fectious disease. A. s. A. 
Death of Pig 
Last Spring I had a sow' that dropped 
eight pigs alive, and three dead. She wa» 
fed cornmeal, wheat feed, hominy and 
wheat middlings, stock food, potehecse 
and whey. Would you advise me to 
keep her or any of her pigs for breed¬ 
ing purposes? H. L. M. 
The sow w'as improperly fed and 
should not have had any stock feed or 
condition pow’der while in pig. It is best 
to feed a breeding sow light, laxative 
rations without corn and to make her 
take plenty of exercise on green clover, 
Alfalfa, rape or other pasture daily. 
A. S. A. 
