The City Opinion of Farm Profits 
How It Is Maufactured 
N April 0 we received from the I'. S. Food 
Administration of I’eniisylvania a letter en- • 
closing the following ]tress notice. It was to he ‘‘re- , 
h a.sed” on April 11. and the writer of the letter said 
lie believed onr "reader.s will he interested”: 
FARMIOR (JETS MORE 
Fouty-fivk I*F.n Cf.xt of Cost of Biik.vo Oofs to 
Wheat GnowEij. 
'I’ho amount of the cost price of a loaf of hread between 
the wheat producer and the bread consumer is strikingly 
lhl(> :’.S per cent 8 per cent 01 per cent 
1017 (1st half ) .‘>7 per cent 14 per cent 4S i)er cent 
1.017 (Lhid half) 41 per cent 7 per cent .72 per cent 
1018 ' 45 per-cent 0 per cent 40 per cent 
- They triU 'he interested, though not (piite in the 
v ay this gentleman expected. That statement is one 
of a type of articles which is doing serious harm to 
farmers. These figures appear in the daily pai>ers. 
and are read by people who are being held up or 
robbed when they try to buy food. After reading 
these ‘‘official” figures such city peoi)le at once con¬ 
clude that the farmers are robbing them. Then we 
hear more talk of these “misers and slacker.s” who 
Mill feed . .$1.25 
The above, deducted from the cost of the wheat, or 
$10.4.5. minus $1.25, equals ,$0.2(> as the cost of straight 
fkmr, but the baker uses considerable of grades lower 
than straight flour in his shop. Nevertheless, let us 
tiansform this flour at .$0.20 per barrel in 14-ounce 
h .aves of bread, and in some parts of the country the 
average weight of bread is found to be 14 ounces, and 
others 12 ounces. Therefore, we will take both sets of 
figures, and the 'i>rices have varied from 5c to 10c pet- 
loaf. We will therefore use both sets of prices. One 
barrel of flour will easily make oOO loaves of 14-ounce 
bi ead. or .”50 loaves of 12-ounce bread. Value of Ivoaves 
5c 10c 
.800 14-ounce loaves.. $1.5.00 .$.‘>0.00 
O.50 12-ounce lotives. 17.(M) fio.fK) 
Another [Hwfvr Coir. 
Th.o ohorc pictures, from photof/rapJiH hikcn in Kiif/land. fdioir fip(‘<-iincns o 
ivc lonjf lK‘(n the favorite eoltarnrH' coir in parts of Ireland and Enpland. The 
averaoino when full oroirn 700 to SOO pounds for eoirs and 800 to 900 for bulls 
the De.ftcr branch of the Kerrii breed of cattle. Thexe xinoll. eoniiiaet animals 
Dexter section of the breed is about 100 pounds Jifihter than the true Kernj, 
Dexter Bull. 
Red De.rter Heifer. 
shown in a recent'cpmpilation by the Food Administra¬ 
tion, covering the period from 1018 to the present time. 
In 1018 but 20 per cent of the cost of the loaf of 
hread to the consumer wept to. th.e farmer as compared 
with 45 per cent at the present time. In 1018 08 per 
cent of the' i)ri<-e of bread was .adderl after the flour 
left the mill door, as compared with 40 per cent at the 
present time. 
The table pre.sented herewith is a striking illustration 
of the benefits derived by both the producer and the con- 
OTimer through the control of wheat and wheat products: 
Added 
Farmer 
Miller Between Flour at 
Received 
Added Mill and Bread on 
Year 
for Wheat 
to Cost Consumer’s Table 
1018 
2G per cent 
0 per cent .50 per cent 
1014 
28 per cent 
0 per cent 00 ]>er cent 
2015 
■80 per cent 11 per cent 08 per cent 
aie all getting i-ich :uid still demanding morel That 
is the spirit which is doing so much to depress and 
fiiscourage farmers, and it is astonishing that !i na- 
tioiial dej)artment stu)nhl encourage such feeling. 
WHEAT ANI> BREAD.—Last Fall we printed a 
very clear statement by Dr. E. F. I.add on the cost 
relations between wheat and bread. He gave the fol- 
owing as actual figures: 
V heat. 4H. bu. at $2.10 per bu. . .. .$'.*.45 
Cost of milling, per bbl.'. .. .72 
5^1101'^ profit . .-■) 
Total..$10.45 
T.ot us now ascertain what the returns are from this 
product as milled and converted into bread and feed. 
The cost of this flour was, as already stated, .$0.20. 
Tl'.erefore, when the bread is retailed at 5e per loaf of 
12 ounces, which is about the average size loaf in this 
section of the country, there is a gain of'$(>.80 for the 
ciaterial u.sed in baking, and the cost of retailing the 
bread. Or. if we take the loaves at 10c. -we have 
$25.80 as the difference. Certainly it cannot cost ‘244 
tunes as much to convert flour into bread and retail it 
as it does for the farmer to raise the wheat, transport 
it to the mill, and for the miller to transform it into 
flour. 
Thus far no one has disputed the general accuracy 
of these figures so far as they give the amount of 
wheat required to make a loaf of liread. The barrel 
of flour, which represents 270 pounds of wheat, will 
I lake 4,200 ounces of bread when all white flour is 
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