>618 
'She RURAL NEW-YORKER 
April 27, 1918 
Sugar from all Maples 
( Ap sugar is so scarce this year I would 
, like to try making a little if we could 
from our majiles. These maples are not 
the sugar variety, however. Would it pay 
to take the trouble with other than sugar 
maples? Would the process of making 
sugar be any different than that described 
on page 240? M. J. C. 
Ilazardville, Conn. 
There are a great many different spe¬ 
cies of maples, and it is a characteristic 
of every one of them to yield a saccharine 
sap from which sugar may be made. 
Maple sugar is made commercially from 
the sap of the rock, the red, the black, 
the Avhite and the Oregon maples, and, 
also, from that of the ash-leaved maple, 
which is more commonly called the box 
elder. I have reports from various i)ar- 
ties who claim to have made it experi¬ 
mentally and in small quantities from the 
sap of the silver-leaf, from Weir’s and 
from the Norway maple, but have no posi¬ 
tive knowledge along these lines. The 
difiicnlties in the way of making it com¬ 
mercially from these species seems to be 
that they are not closely enough associ¬ 
ated in sufficient numbers, and, more¬ 
over, in the case of the first two, that the 
sap has not .a sufficiently high sugar con¬ 
tent, and with the Norway maple that 
the yield of sap is small. But whether 
the price of maple sugar is 10 cents or 
2.1 cents :i j)ound is one important fac¬ 
tor, and wind her a person can buy all the 
sugar he wants, or whether he is limited 
to half a pound a week is another, and 
if one has the trees the experiment is 
well worth trying. In the absence of spe¬ 
cially designed aiiparatus the sap may be 
evaporated in a wash boiler set upon the 
kitchen stove. 
crease the substitutes for wheat flour in 
bread and rolls from 20 per cent to 25 
per cent. Under new amendments to the 
baking regulations all bakery products 
must contain a certain pei-centage of sub¬ 
stitutes. There must be at least 33^2 per 
cent substitutes in sweet yeast dough 
goods, cookies and ice cream cones, cakes, 
j)ies, ^ fried cakes and pastry; 06^ per 
cent in Boston brown bread, batter cakes, 
waffles and muffins, and 15 per cent in 
crackers. Under the new rules no public 
eating place may se7*\'e more than two 
ounces of bread and rolls, or more than 
four ounces of quick bread to any one 
person at any one meal. The Fe<leral 
Food Board urges bakers to promote the 
sale of the three-qiiarters jiound loaf of 
bread in the hope that the 12-ounce loaf 
may take the place of the l<!-ounce loaf 
wherever possible. 
I’he total sales of the auction held re¬ 
cently by the New York Fur, Auction 
Sales Corporation were slightlv more than 
.$4.0(K),()00. 
Two wireless itlants, one of which is 
said to have been powerful enough to 
communicate with <Termany, were dis¬ 
mantled by Federal agents at Chicago, 
April 15. The keeper of one station was 
arrested. 
A s'entence of four years in prison was 
pronounced at Chicago, April 15, by Fed¬ 
eral .Tudge Landis on .Jacob Hendricks, 
Aurora, Ill., for attempting to raise funds 
for (Jerman s'ailors interned at Fort Ogle¬ 
thorpe. Oa., by means of a lottery. 
Fire of unknown origin destroyed two 
barrack buildings at Camp Upton, L. I., 
April 1.5, with a loss of .$10,000. The 
buildings were not occupied, and a rigid 
investigatioji begun by officers of the 
headquarters staff failed to reveal a 
possible cause for the fire. 
WASHINGTON.—Trial by court-mar¬ 
tial with the infliction of the death pen¬ 
alty upon conviction as a consequence of 
treason or espionage is the corrective of 
existing conditions proposed in a bill 
introduced in the Senate April 10 by 
Chairman Chamberlain of the Committee 
on Military Affairs. Tender the proposed 
bill the laws framed to sui))U'ess treason. 
sedition, spying and other malevolent 
activities in the United States will be 
universally amended. Upon apprehension 
the persons charged with infractions of 
these laws wmuld be taken at once be¬ 
fore a military tribunal which is coinci¬ 
dentally empowered to inflict the penalty 
of death before a firing squad when the 
circumstances or the gravity of the of¬ 
fense warrants such action. 
The sabotage bill, carrying penalties 
of thirty years imprisonment and fines of 
$10,000 for injuring war materials or in¬ 
terfering with war industry, w’as made 
ready for the President’s signature on 
Ai)ril 10 when the Senate accepted a con¬ 
ference report eliminating provisions de¬ 
signed to imnish strikers on war con¬ 
tracts. 
Charles M. Schwab was made Director- 
General of the Emergency Fleet Corpora¬ 
tion April 10, This means that Mr. 
Schwab will have active direction of the 
American shipbuilding programme and 
will devote his industrial genius and en¬ 
ergy to the greatest national need. 
I’ABM AND GABDEN.—Officials of 
the National Association of State Com¬ 
missioners of Agriculture conferred April 
15 with Secretary Houston aud Secretary 
Wilson and the Food Administration in 
an effort to bring the agricultural forces 
of the States into closer working con¬ 
tact with the Federal Government. Ways 
and means of obtaining a maximum agri¬ 
cultural production and distribution also 
Avere discussed. Among the State officers 
taking part in the conferences Avas Presi¬ 
dent Charles S. Wilson, of Ncaa' York. 
The Mayflower, or trailing arbutus, 
has been adopted by the school children 
of Massachusetts as the official State 
flower in a contest conducted by the 
Board of Education of the Cominon- 
AA'Calth. The water lily Avas second and 
the daisy third. 
Following protests from groAvers in 
Maryland, Delaware and Virginia, the 
Food Administration has announced that 
the law gives no authority for the ai-my 
and navy to jdaee a price of .$21 per ton 
on tomatoes groAvn in Virginia for can¬ 
ning i»urposes. 
The SAveet potato weevil, si most dan¬ 
gerous enemy to the sweet potato, is re¬ 
sponsible for the complete abandonment 
of some Florida fields. 
A shipment of nearly 50,000 l.adybirds 
from California is being use<l to combat 
the aphis on truck crops in the vicinity 
of New' Orleans. 
The British Board of Agriculture has 
appointed a “pig controller,” Avith a vieAv 
of promoting the extension of pig keeping 
to increase the country’s food supply. 
The Interstate Commerce Commission, 
April 16, held to be unjustified proposed 
increases of potato transiiort.ation rates 
from^ producing sections in Minnesota, 
Michigan, Wisconsin and North and 
South Dakota to .a Avide range of jobbing 
and consuming centers in the Middle 
West, South and East. 
OBITUARY.—IMatthew Crawford, of 
Cuyalioga Falls, Ohio, Avidely knoAvn in 
horticultural circles, died at Belle Ceji- 
ter, Ohio, April 3, after a brief illness. 
Mr, Crawford was born in County An¬ 
trim, Ireland, in 1S.‘’>0, coming to Amer¬ 
ica at the age of 10 years. His first 
occupation was market gai’dening, and 
he was a constant experimenter Avith jicav 
floAvers, fruits and vegetables, specializing 
in strawberries and Gladiolus. For ne.-irly 
40 years he Avas .a leading groAver of 
Gladiolus l)ulbs, and did much to popu¬ 
larize the Gladiolus as .a market floAver, 
and to improve its varieties. His success 
resulted in an increase of growers, until 
the Cuyahoga Falls district has become 
Avidely knoAvn as a Gladiolus center. Mr. 
(’rawford was for many years an es¬ 
teemed correspondent of The R, N.-Y., 
his expeidence wdth new strawberries al¬ 
ways being looked for with interest, while 
his comments on general horticultural 
subjects were always intelligent and 
helpful. His loss is lamented by a Avide 
circle, in addition to his own community. 
One son survives him. 
Samuel L. Allen, senior member of the 
firm of S. L. 'Allen & Co., manufacturers 
of agricultural jmplenients, Philadelphia, 
Pa., died at Miami. Fla., recently in his 
seventy-seventh year. 
Sugar may be made from the sap of 
the butternut, and an excellent (piality 
of syrup may be made from the sap of 
the birch. The latter, hoAvever, yields its 
aap in May and .June, and no amount of 
condensation Avill cause the sugar to 
crystallize. I haA'c rumors, also, of sugar 
h.aving been made fr()m the sap of scA'cral 
species of hickory and of pine, but no 
information that is definite, Sugar is 
made in India from at least six si)ecies 
of palms, the total made being somoAvhat 
greater than the total quantity of mar>le 
sugar made in the Ignited States. The 
product is knoAvn as “jaggery.” And 
“l>alm honey” is made commercially from 
a species of palm found in South 
America. 
It may be interesting, in this connec¬ 
tion. to state that, in 1717, the General 
Assembly of Colony of Connecticut gave 
to Edward Hinman, of Stratford, the ex¬ 
clusive privilege of manufacturing mo- 
las.ses from cornstalks, and prohibited all 
others from engaging in the same busi¬ 
ness. in the County of Fairfield, except by 
paying Hinman the sum of Iia'c pounds a 
month. Provided. liOAveA'er, that the said 
“Hinman 'shall make as good molasses 
and as cheap as that which comes from 
the West Indies.” c. o. 0 . 
Photograph hy I.. A. Hillrr 
EVENTS OF THE WEEK 
DOMESTIC.—The executive commit¬ 
tee of the N.ational German-American Al¬ 
liance. !it a special meeting at Philadel¬ 
phia. April II. decided to dissolve the or¬ 
ganization immediately and instructed the 
offioers to turn over at once to the Ameri¬ 
can Red Cross the $30,000 in the treas¬ 
ury. The Rev, Siegmund von Bosse, Wil¬ 
mington. Del., president of the alliance, 
made a report of the position the allian^ 
finds itself in, and recommended that, in 
vieAV of the j)ublic opinion wdth regard to 
the continued existence of the organiza¬ 
tion. it be dissolved. No act of disloyalty 
has been i)roA'ed against the National Ger- 
raan-American Alliance, Mr. von Bosse 
said, but as it has been held responsible 
for actions and utterances of individuals 
and State organizations, he felt that its 
usefulness Avas about ended. 
Three soldiers were killed and 45 in¬ 
jured. 10 of them sei'iously, in a w'reck 
of a troop train on the Long Island Rail¬ 
road. three miles east of Central Islip, 
April 15. The Avreck is believed to have 
been caused by a broken rail. 
The sugar division of the Food Admin¬ 
istration has secured 20 of the Dutch 
steamships, recently taken over by the 
United States. Avhich Avill be used to bring 
the big Cuba sugar crop to this country. 
Some are noAv loading at Cuban ports. 
It is i)lanued to bring in .300,(KK) tons 
or more of raw sugar to this country this 
month. The sugar drive that is jdanned 
AA'ill keep all refineries in the country 
going at capacity for some time. It is 
the intention to get together a big reserve 
for the canning season. It is expected 
that the Cuban crop Avill reach 3.500.000 
tons. The 1916-1917 crop was 3,000,000. 
Begginning April 14 bakers must in- 
Kills all glare—Legal everywhere 
Gives you 500 ft. range 
B oth these cars are equipped 
with Noviol (yellow-tint) 
Conaphores — legal everywhere. 
The photograph shows them as 
they meet at a dangerous turn 
on a dark country road. 
The instant a driver sees the 
yellow-tint Noviol lights he knows 
that they will not blind him—and 
feels perfectly safe. The soft mellow 
light is easy on his eyes and helps 
him to see past the oncoming car. 
Kills all glare. The Conaphore 
uses all the light, but patented cor¬ 
rugations control it within legal 
limits. Height of beam is not more 
than 42 inches from the road. 
Range 500 feet. Corrugations 
throw a shaft of strong driving light 
500 feet ahead of the car. 
■Manufactured by the World’s Largest 
Makers of Technical Glass 
©NAPHORE 
Range 500 feet — No Glare — Pierces 
Fog and Dust 
Ample side light. Cylinders 
fan strong rays out over the road¬ 
side. Light spreads 25 feet at each 
side of the car 75 feet ahead. 
Smooth 
front 
surface 
Easily 
cleaned 
Pierces fog and dust. This won¬ 
derful exclusive feature of Noviol 
Conaphores (yellow tint) is patented. 
Equip your car with Conaphores. 
They safeguard you, and make for 
the safety of others. Legal every¬ 
where. Dimming unnecessary. 
Made in both Noviol and clear glass. 
Easy to install. Sizes to fit all cars. 
Order from your dealer—if he has 
not received his supply, write us. 
Retail Price List (Per Pair) 
Noviol 
SIZES Glass 
5 to 6% inches inclusive . . . $2.40 
7 to SJi inches inclusive . . . 3.50 
8% to 10 inches inclusive . . . 4.50 
lOjI to 11/^ inches inclusive . . . 6.00 
Clear 
Glass 
$1.60 
2.50 
3.00 
4.00 
Prices 25 cents more per pair west of Rocky Mountains. 
Sizes vary by steps of inch above 6j^ inch size. 
Conaphore Sales Division 
Edward A. Cassidy Co., Mgrs. 
503 Foster Building, New York City 
CORNING GLASS WORKS 
Corning Glass Works also manufactures Pyrex Transparent Oven Dishes 
