b40 
onr wool or lo know the reason why. We want 
('vcM-yone to know what he is liuyinj:. so lie can call 
tor. and get onr wool, or take the suhstitnte if he 
])leases. and when governmental action lixes it that 
way. the sheep industry will be on a .solid basis. It 
is a consummation not wanted by manipulators: and 
the claim is made that “some shoddy is better than 
some wool,’’ and others as puerile, and they hint at 
the futility of inspection or regulation, saying that 
“no chemical test can detect reworked wool." If a 
dairyman reader puts a pint of water in a gallon 
of milk he is jerked for it, as he should he. even 
while he is wearing clothes three-quarter.s .sub.sti- 
tute, without protection. The miller docks the wheat 
gi-ower for chess, the wool man for tags, seeds must 
be clean and pure, coins must not be counterfeit, 
nor slack sold for coal, but wearers of “woolens” 
can “take what’s coming to them.” The unrestricted 
.sale of .substitutes for wool will kill off the sheep. 
It will beat all the dogs, bring disease, influence 
neglect and cause abandonment. Every man who 
has sheeii’now, everyone who likes to .see .sheep, and 
the whole populace should demand that woolens 
must be sold on their merits; that the amoimt of 
substitute be stated truly at .sale, and that each 
manufacturer should father his cloth offspring. I 
will sell mutton, wool, wheat and apples with my 
name or mark on them; glad to do it 
KNOW WHAT YOU BUT.—In a late issue of the 
Literary Digest was a defense of .shoddy by a wool 
fiber manufacturer, prefaced by the remark on a 
foi-mer article by the writer against it, and it .said 
I luid “.spoken decidt^dly disrespectful of .shoddy.” 
It told the truth, because I have the supremest con¬ 
tempt imaginable for it when passed along as our 
good virgin wool. Every time our .sheep look at me 
with their kind eyes, I hear them ask, “You are not 
going to sell our good wool to tho.se fellow.s again 
to mix with rags, are you?” The government de¬ 
mands virgin wool in our soldiers’ .suits but .si)ecifies 
.‘15 i)er cent of shoddy for overcoats and blankets, 
and every wearer should demand, and know the 
sjjecified amount in his clothes. This is the answer 
to all who ask me about the future of sheep. Their 
future is dark, unless the people awaken and we 
have pure clothes laws, as well as pure food law.s. 
The industry will hold good for awhile, but since 
.von can see there is but a .small amount of wool 
needed in the world, you can also see an ultimate 
r(*sult of too many sheep. w. w. Rnyxonns. 
Ohio. 
The Control of Peach Scab by Dusting 
An Experiment in New Jersey 
Part II. 
KEST'I/rs SlXTTiEI).—The figures last week in- 
<licate, first: ’fhat the dust made u)i by the (■m- 2.’>-10 
formula gave l)etter control of .scab than the dust 
ijiade up by the 45-4.5-10 formula. Such a re.sult is 
no more than wt)uld be expected in view of the great 
difference in the relative amounts of sulphur present 
in the two mixture.s. Second: That the 65-25-10 
dust was a close .second to self-boiled lime-sulphur 
in the control of peach scab. Third: That both 
mixtures of dust as well as self-boiled gave a high 
I'.ereentage of clean fruit and a very .small per¬ 
centage of badly scabby fruit. The rel.atively high 
l)ercentage of scal)by fruit on the variety Krum- 
mel’s October, is due to the fact that fourth appli¬ 
cation, usually applied to .such late varieties, was 
necessarily omitted owing to Ihe imi)Ossil)ility of 
driving a spi’ay rig or duster l)etween the row of 
trees with branches bending to the ground with 
their heavy load of fruit. A fourth application on 
this variety would undoubtedly have greatly in¬ 
creased the i)ercentage of clean fruit, thereby rais¬ 
ing the cpiality of the fruit up to the high standard 
attained with the Elberta, France.s and Edgemont. 
OTHER POINTS NOTED.—First: The average 
time required to apply the dust to 100 trees was .35 
minutes as compared to one hour and a half re¬ 
quired to apply the self-boiled lirae-.sulphur to the 
same number of trees. Second: The average 
amount of dust required to cover 100 trees was 80 
pounds and the average amount of self-boiled lime- 
sulphur 150 gallons. This is equivalent to 52 pounds 
of sulphur, 20 pounds of lime and eight pounds lead 
arsenate when the 65-25-10 dust formula is used; 
.36 pounds sulphur, 36 i)ounds lime and 8 pounds 
lead arsenate when the 45-45-10 dust formula is 
used and 24 pounds lime, 24 pounds sulphur and five 
pounds lead arsenate when self-boiled lime-sulphur 
is used. Third: There was no injury to fruit or 
foliage under any treatment. Fourth: The fruit 
from the dusted trees appeared to be somewhat 
brighter in color than that from the trees sprayed 
with self-boiled lime-sulphur. 
ECONOMY SECURED.—Analyzing these results 
from the standpoint of the practical peach grower. 
RURAL NEW-YORKER 
the chief problem resolves itself into a question of 
the comparative cost of the two methods. In the 
dust method we have a saving of time and a loss 
of material in comparison with self-boiled lime-sul¬ 
phur when just the ojiposite condition exist.s. Fur¬ 
thermore dusting necessitates the purchase of addi¬ 
tional machinery in the form of a blower or duster 
which cannot be utilized in applying the dormant 
spray. There is every reason to l>elieve that lime 
and sulphur applied in the form of a fine dust will 
control peach scab fully as well as any of the 
liquid i)reparations now in use. Its chief value as 
far as the commercial peach grower is concerned 
appears to be the fact that large numbers of trees 
can be covered in a minimxim amount of time, thus 
assuring protection against .scab. This should be 
a very important consideration fer the commercial 
grower who has a large number of-trees to cover 
during a limited period in which other kinds of 
work on the farm or in the orchard demand immed¬ 
iate attention. akthur .t. fari.ky. 
N. .1. Experiment station. 
Raising Shiners for Bait 
I have an artificial pond six to eight feet deep and 
about 1% acres in area. A small but never-faihug 
brook flows from the pond. How should I proceed to 
keep shiners to sell for bait? There is quite a demand 
for them here through the Winter at .$1.50 .a hundred. 
Massachusetts. w. 
DOES not tell, and perhaps docs not know, 
• which sj)ecies he refers to as shiner. Most 
of the .small minnows are called by this name in one 
place or another. Possibly the one referred to in this 
case is the golden shiner, known to .scientists as 
Notemigonus ehrysoleucas. This fl.sh sometimes gets 
to be a foot long and is then often quite brassy in 
color on the .sides and belly, darker above. The 
young are .silvery and make good live bait. 
In a pond of the size mentioned the only things 
neces.sary would be to keep out other fish, especially 
fish-eating ones, and to provide food. If most of the 
fish are to be caught out each Winter, the pond 
would provide food enough if well stocked with 
water plants and their accompanying animal life. 
Care .should be taken to see that these plants ai-e of 
the kinds that die down each Winter, and .so will not 
bother in the hauling of the nets used in taking the 
fish. The phunts known to botani.sts as Potamogeton, 
etc., are of most value in this. Water lilies, cat¬ 
tails, etc., are a .bother wdien .seining. The plants 
wanted grow bel6w the surface of the water, and 
are variously know as water moss, water weed, sea- 
wee<l. e<d grass, etc. If they are not gnnving in the 
j)ond the best way is to go where they are and bring 
.some tubfuls of tlieni to dunq) in the place where 
they are wanted. 3’hey will make it impossible to 
haul the nets in Avarm Avealher, but will die and 
disappear soon after the first frosts. 
If W. has the time and inclination he jiiight 
try hatching some of tiie fish artificially, 'riie old 
fish should be kept in a pen Avhere they can be 
caught Avith a dip net, and should be ac<'ustomed to 
seeing people around. When ripe,- a slight pressure 
on the sides of the body Avill force out tbe eggs qnd 
milt. 'Fhese should be caught in a pan Avhich has 
been dipped in water and emptied. Mix theni to¬ 
gether with the fingers and after a few minutes 
l)our in some water. Keej) them stirred until tlnw 
are past the stage of .sticking to everything around, 
and then put them in the hatching boxes or jars. 
'These .shoidd be arranged so that a stre.-un of Av.ater 
at a uniform temper.atu)-e can pass over or through 
them all the time. It would pay to visit .some of 
the nearest fish hatcheries and notice their methods 
of handling breeding fish, eggs and fry. It would 
probably be found profitable to hatch the eggs arti¬ 
ficially if an attemi)t were made to carry on the jiond 
as a permanent commercial venture. 
AT/i iu-. 1 (.’. \\ i-a-:i). 
Making Sugar Beet Syrup at Home 
In The R. N.-Y. of March 0. in the “BreAdties,” is an 
item discouraging the plan of growing sugar beets to 
help out the sweetening supply of the family. Now, I 
have done something to encourage the growing of sugar 
beets for s.vi-up making, basing my act upon a partial 
knowledge of the process of beet sugar manufacture, and 
on Bulletin 82.3. Department of Agriculture. Washing¬ 
ton, D. C. 'This bulletin gives directions for making 
the syrup from the beets, and as the process is similar 
to the sugar-making process, though not as complete a 
process, and the product a pleasant and useful substitute 
for the market article, I thought I might do a kindly 
turn by spreading the information. Now the ‘Brev¬ 
ities” item is quite the opposite of what I htul been giv¬ 
ing out, and I Avould like to know AAdiich is right. 
Michigan. 'i - 
HE R. N.-Y. received .several reports i.'om jieople 
who said they had tried this method and failed. 
That is, they obtained a thick, black syrup Avitli a 
disagreeable taste. It is, of course, useless to expect 
to make good sugar by this process. 
May 4, 191 s 
Finally we obtained a sample of the syrup made 
as described in tbe following letter. This was thick 
and dark colored, sweet like molasses and with a 
flavor and odor which was offensiA'e to a few, but 
agreeable to nio.st of the family. Such syrup would 
.surely prove a help for cooking or for use on cakes 
in most country families: 
Making Homemade Syrup 
This year I Avant to be able to put in a little 
poAver plant, and enlarge my .factory. Last year I 
received one pound of sugar beet seed from the De¬ 
partment and drilled it on one toAvn lot but did not 
get the seed till .Tune 9. and drilled them the same 
day. I lulrvested them tbe last of October, making 
40 gallons of .syrup that resembled majile syrui) 
very much. We liaA-e a family of nine to 11. and we 
have solved the sugai (piestion A-ery well. We built 
our furnace out of old brick that cost us .$.3. I 
bought a sheet of galA-anized sheet iron 8x.3 feet and 
made a ])an, and for Avood we used old railroad ties, 
etc. 'The .slicer Ave used AAas a large kraut cutter 
coupled to a crank. We found the syrujA AA'as bard to 
filter, but Ave could easily .settle it and draAV off the 
syrup above the sediment. We did this by first 
making a thin .syrup, and pouring it into a bari’el 
and drawing it off tbe next day through a faiicet 
Avhieh Avas about three inches above tbe bottom of 
the barrel. We could then boil it doAvu and get nice 
clear syni]). e. o. aviokersiiam. 
Indiana. 
The directions in the goA’ernment bulletin are to 
cut off the tops of the beets, clean thoroughly and 
then slice with a knife or implement like a kraut 
cutter. The slices are .soaked in warm water and 
this liquid is boiled down into the syrup. The scum 
which rises to the top is skimmed off. 
Experience in Colorado 
I notice a call for experience in making .sugar beet 
syrup at home. laving in a sugar beet region, we 
obtained last Fall the government bulletin on the 
subject, bought 100 pounds of beets from a neigh¬ 
bor for 50 cents, for experiment. We scrubbed these 
thoroughly and scraped them, cutting the tops beloAv 
the lowest leaf scar, as directed iu the bulletin. We 
.sliced them Avith a kraut cutter and treated as di¬ 
rected. 'WTien the syrup was being boiled down it 
possessed a bitter taste, but Ave persevered and 
finally obtained about two gallons of dark broAvn 
.syrup. This had a flavor all its own, but the bitter¬ 
ness had disa))peared. Everybody liked it. It Avas 
especially good for cooking, as it Avas far .sweeter 
than molas.ses. 'The chief trouble Avith it Avas it 
didn’t last long enough. We expect to raist? some 
beets ourselves this year, and perhaps buy some, 
too: hut anyhoAV to make a far larger supply of the 
.syrup. But let no one expect—Avhat I luiA^e seen 
someAvhere—that a row of beets 20 feet long Avill 
furnish a jear’s sui)ply of “sweets” for a family. 
Such a row, at its best, might possibly supply 50 or 
60 })ounds of beets, and give one a gallon or so of 
syru]). J. s. 
Colorado. 
We haA'e obtainetl some seed of sugar beets and 
expect to gi’ow a crop and try the plan of making 
syrup. Let no one imagine he can make white 
.sugar in this Ava.v, or get i‘ich making syru)). 
Trying to Improve the Process 
I liaA'e noticed in 'The R. N.-Y. a fcAA’ items regard¬ 
ing the use of sugar beets for making table s.vru]). 
some saying that it is a suitable sy.stem, and some 
say not. Farmers’ Bulletin No. .S23, United States 
l)e])artment of Agriculture, discus.ses syrup making 
frtjin sugar beets, and the authors state that it is 
practical. 'Phe method stated is to slice the beets 
Avith a kraut slicer, and put 10 gallons of hot Avater 
on the slice's from a bushel of beets. After letting it 
stand a Avhile, the juice is poured off aud boiled 
down. I wrote the authors for more information. I 
suggested tiiat if this is a feasible process it ought 
to be better to grind the beets the same as apples 
for cider, and pour the AA'ater on this pulp. I also 
.suggested imtting the re.sulting juice throtigh a cen¬ 
trifugal se))!irator, for if the sugar is simpl.v sus¬ 
pended iu the licpiid, it ought to separate that A\’a.v. 
and render the holliug a shorter job. I also sug¬ 
gested boiling it in a regular maple .syrup evap¬ 
orator, or in syrup pans, instead of cooking it in an 
iron kettle, or on the cook stove. 'They replied that 
they had never tried what I had .suggested, but 
thought it ought to work. They Avould not recom¬ 
mend the beet syrup industry for a community 1 ) 10 - 
ject, but recommend sorghum instead. 'Tliey stated 
that they obtained from three to four quarts of 
s.A’i'up from a bushel of beets, Avhich means reducing 
10 gallons of juice to a little less than one gallon. 
They Avould not recommend it Avhere fuel is scaro(‘ 
or high. ('■ 
(ti'cgon. 
