674 
IShe RURAL NEW-YORKER 
May 11, lf*is 
Foundations for Concrete Chimney 
T am contemplating building a chimney 
about 25 feet high, one foot square inside 
walls, about 4 inches thick, reinforced 
concrete. What size base would you rec¬ 
ommend for this weight to be sure it will 
7iot settle or get out of plumb? The 
chimney will stand outside of the building 
and not attached to it. Soil sand, well 
drained. G. w. s. 
Holland, Mich. 
t)rdinary concrete weighs about 150 
pounds per cubic foot, varying somewhat 
with the mixture used and the kind of 
aggregate employed. Using these figures 
as a basis it is easily computed that a 
chimney of the size mentioned by G. W. 
S. will weigh about five and one-fourth 
tons. Different types of soils have bear¬ 
ing powers of from two to six pounds per 
square foot, and even if we use the latter 
it is apparent that a very small base will 
support the actual weight of the chim¬ 
ney. Our problem, however, is to get a 
foundation that is large enough to hold 
the chimney plumb, and one that extends 
deep enough to prevent heaving from 
frost—about four feet. An excavation of 
this depth and three feet square .should 
provide this. T[Tiis may be filled with 
rubble concrete made up of at least 50 
per cent large stone, and the vertical re¬ 
inforcing rods for the chimney firmly fixed 
in it. 
Due to the extremes between the out¬ 
side and inside temperatures of chimneys 
there is sometimes troiible from concrete 
cracking when used for this purpose un¬ 
less very thoroughly reinforced. The in¬ 
side is expanded by the heat, while the 
outside, being colder, remains its usual 
size, resulting in the cracks before men¬ 
tioned. Where the heat is great enough 
it sometimes has an action on the ag¬ 
gregate used, and for this reason gravel or 
trap rock should be used rather than lime¬ 
stone, The mixture should also be placed 
wet and thoroughly tamped to secure a 
good bond with the steel. The action of 
the chimney would mo doubt be im¬ 
proved by the use of a round tile flue lin¬ 
ing, as a round flue is much more ef¬ 
fective in creating a draft, offering less 
resistance to the ascending air currents 
than one of other cross section, B. H. s. 
vise connecting into the line near the 
pump a so-called “vacuum” chamber 
which will tend to cushion the shock pro¬ 
duced by the sudden starting and stop¬ 
ping of the water contained in the long 
jiipe. This vacuum chamber can be made 
from a short length of large pipe fitted 
with a cap at the top and connected into 
the suction line by a tee. 
.Vs far as may be judged from the lettej* 
the conditions outlined by K. M. seem to 
be suitable for the use of a hydraulic 
ram. If the creek has fall enough—three 
feet or more—.a ram could probably be 
installed at a lesser cost than the pump, 
as a considerable saving could be made in 
the pipe by using a smaller size. As the 
water would pump itself automatically 
after installation, the cost of operation 
would be practically nothing, the wear on 
a ram, if the water is clear, being very 
little, and if installed properly they give 
very little trouble and their life is long. 
New York. R. H. R. 
Waterproofing Concrete 
Could you tell us what to do with 
cement blocks to make them so the water 
will not come through every time it rains? 
They are damp, and our cellar froze last 
Winter. c. n. 
Vineland, N. J. 
Pumping Water from Creek 
Could I pump water from creek to 
barn, a distance of 200 to 250 feet? Barn 
sits about 15 or 18 feet higher than bot¬ 
tom of creek. I would like to have pump 
and gasoline engine both at barn, and 
use only one pipe, so when I stopped 
l)ump remaining water in pipe would run 
back to creek, as it is very cold water, 
and would freeze if it stayed in pipe. 
What would be the right way to do it? 
New York. E. m. 
If the vertical lift has been accurately 
measured and does not exceed the 15 to 
38 feet mentioned, a suction pump placed 
in the bam will work successfully if care¬ 
fully installed. The reason for this care 
in fitting and making joints has been 
gone into quite fully on page 520, and 
will not be repeated here. The principal 
things necessary for success are: A 
diameter in the suction line not less than 
the opening in the pump (suction side), 
perfectly tight joints and a uniform grade 
from the pump to the creek, so that when 
the air valve is opened at the upper end 
all of the water contained in the pipe will 
flow back to the creek by gravity, and not 
settle in pockets, freezing there and 
breaking the pipe. 
One of the smaller sizes of double¬ 
acting power pumps is recommended for 
this work. The horizontal construction 
permits of easy draining and priming— 
both essential features in a pump operat¬ 
ing under freezing conditions, and the 
double action is desirable, as it permits 
a more nearly continuoTis flow of water 
in the supply pipe, and there is not the 
sudden stopping and starting of the long 
column of water in the suction pipe that 
there is Avhen a single-action pump is 
used. Pumps of this class are somewhat 
more expensive, however, and it may be 
that the freezing difficulty could be sur¬ 
mounted by digging a shallow, dry well 
in the barn, and by placing the pump in 
this protect it from the cold, arranging 
the pipe line to drain as before. If a 
single-acting pump is used I would ad¬ 
The best time to secure water-tightness 
in concrete is when it is being laid. To 
secure a waterproof job concrete should 
be correctly proportioned; there should 
be enough graded sand in the mixture to 
fill the voids in the stone used, and 
enough cement should be added thor¬ 
oughly to coat each sand particle and fill 
the interstices between them. This ma¬ 
terial should be mixed to a uniform color 
when dry (the R.and and. cement bdng 
mixed first), wet to a quaking or jelly- 
like consistency, when the nature of the 
work w’ill permit it, and promptly placed 
in the forms and tamped into place. If 
this mass is kept damp for a few days, 
preventing too rapid drying out, a dense 
waterproof concrete will resirlt that will 
require no further ti’eatment tinder ordi¬ 
nary conditions. 
Cement blocks in particular are likely 
to be porous. This is because the use of 
so much small aggregate in the mixture 
from wdiieh they are made is likely to re- 
.sult in an incorrectly proportioned mix¬ 
ture. This with the fact that they are 
usually made from conci’ete wetted only 
sufficiently to enable the operator to 
mold the blocks, and the rapid drying 
due to their small size, low water con¬ 
tent and careless and hurry-up methods, 
lead to the porosity above mentioned. 
This difficulty is nuit more or less suc¬ 
cessfully, depending upon conditions, by 
the application of a ■waterproofing com¬ 
pound to the side from which the water 
is coming, preventing it from penetrat¬ 
ing the concrete. There are a number 
of ready prepared compounds of this kind 
which may be secured through the local 
paint dealers. 
Of the homemade preparations that 
made from alum and soap is considered 
about as satisfactory as any. The fol¬ 
lowing, quoted from Taylor and Thomp¬ 
son’s “Concrete, Plain and Reinforced,” 
explains the making and application of 
this wash. It is taken f»om the descrip¬ 
tion of the use of this wash on a govern¬ 
ment job: “The vertical surfaces were 
waterproofed by successive applications 
of alum and soap solutions. The alum 
solution consisted of two ounces of alum 
per gallon of hot water and the soap solu¬ 
tion of three-fourths of a pound of castile 
soap per gallon of hot water. The alum 
solution was applied first and worked in 
with a stiff brush and immediately fol¬ 
lowed by the hot soap solution. The tem¬ 
perature of both washes was maintained 
at 100 degrees Fahrenheit.” The appli¬ 
cation of this wash in warm "weather 
simplifies the work .somewhat. 
Melted paraffin is sometimes used for 
the same purpose, being applied Avith a 
brush and driA en into the .surface with a 
painter’s bloAV torch. Where ajApearance 
does not count, the asphalt used for I'oof 
cement may be thinned Avith naphtha 
and applied Avith a brush to form a 
Avaterproof covering for the Avork. The 
naphtha evaporates and leaves the asphalt 
lodged in the pores and covering the sur¬ 
face of the concrete. W^here this method 
is followed, care must be exercised to 
keep fire of any kind away until the 
fumes from the evaporating naphtha have 
been dispelled, or a disastrous explosion 
may result. b. if. S. 
Working for Pleasure 
I suppose all city people do not realize 
that the majority of us farmer's work for 
mere pleasure, and no profit, no labor in¬ 
come, but such is the fact. This is possi¬ 
ble because the farmer, as a rule, owns 
his farm and the Avorking capital, as tools 
and live stock, etc., for which he gets no 
iiiterest or dividend, and also because 
himself and his family do the greater part 
of the work, and he produces by his 
labor much of what he eats, while his bill 
for wearing apparel is very small. In 
no other walk of life is this so. I was, 
myself, this past Winter producing dairy 
products at a loss, as will be shown, and 
yet the townspeople growl because butter 
is high, and milk is high, and cre.am and 
cheese. The daily cost of feeding my 
cows giving milk is as follows: 
9 lbs. grain feed.$0.24 
4 lbs. hay, or .5 lbs. green oats, etc. .04 
ly^ lbs. potatoes, or 1.5 lbs. roots... .10 
All the oat-straw they can eat for 
the night feed. 
Total, not coxinting the straw.... $0.45 
But I should count the straw, for I 
could readily get .50 cents per hundred¬ 
weight for this oat sti-aw, and as they 
eat and waste (bedding) about eight 
pounds per night feed, thi^ would amount 
to four cents, making the total daily cost 
of feeding alone 49 cents. From this 
feeding I get on an average a half pound 
of butter a day, or in milk I get about 
five quarts (12i^ pounds) ; i. e., I get 
in my weekly (turnings an average of 
3% pounds, sometimes more, sometimes 
less. ^ I do not count milk and cream 
used in the house, which is liberal. From 
this it will be seen that my butter costs 
me, for feed alone, 90 cents a pound; 
98 cents a pound if I count the straw as, 
of course, should. If I count only the 
milk, the milk cost nine cents, or, rather, 
almost 10 cents, counting the straw fed. 
I do not sell milk, but the best price I 
can get for my butter is 50 cents per 
pound. I shall not get that now, so 
that the price I get or can get does not 
pay for half the cost of the feed. Cows 
Summer-freshened. j. A. mac DONALD. 
Prince Edward Island. 
A GREAT reAuvalist came to the army 
post to conduct services for the soldiers. 
In the course of his address he said: “I 
think that all the whiskey in the United 
States^ should be thrown into the sea. All 
men in this audience who agree will 
please stand np.” One lone soldier arose. 
“Are you a prohibitionist?” asked the 
evangelist. “No, sir,” said the soldier, 
“but I used to be a deep sea diver.”— 
Credit lost. 
PATENTED 
1 
it hike Starting 
a Bank Account! 
Yon start a bank account to save money. Put Hassler 
Shock Absorbers on your Ford tor the same reason. 
For 
Ford 
ShockAbsorber Gars 
Rassler Shock Absorbers pay one hundred percent In¬ 
terest the first year, and keep it np every year there¬ 
after. They save one-third of your up-keep mils bemuse 
they reduce wear and teat on the car. They yive you 
more miles i>eT gallon of gasoline because a car Uiat 
rides easily and smoothly requires less power to propel 
it. They pay for themselves in Increased tire mileage 
because they take the weight of the car oS the tires and 
cushion itfrom every jolt andjar. 300,000 Ford Owners 
recognize their economic necessity- 
Better than any bank account, they give an actual 
physical comfort to riding that cannot be computed in 
terms of money. 
10-DAY FREE TRIAL OFFER 
Write today for Free Trial Blanic and we will 
bare a tee of Ilsolero pat on yonr Pord wlthont a 
cent of expense to yon. Try thrm lO days. Tbeo, 
If you are willing to do withoat them, 
they will be taken off without 
charge. Don’t rWe without Has- 
slerssimplyheeaateeomeanedlir —— \ 
eonroges you from trying them, 
Aeeept this offer and see for 
youneir. Over 800,000 sets in 
Bse. Write today—NOW. 
ROBERT H. HASSLER. loe. 
su Naomi St. IndUntpolia, Ipd. 
The Gasoline 
on 
The Farm 
Its Operation 
Repair and 
Uses 
530 Pages. Nearly 
180 Engravings 
This la 
tho kind 
of a book' 
every far¬ 
mer will ai 
preciate at 
every farm’ 
home ought 
have. Includes ' 
selecting the 
most suitable 
engine for fami work. Us most convenient and ef¬ 
ficient installation, with chapters oit trouble.s, their 
remedies, aud how to avoid them. The care and 
management of the farm tractor in plowing, har¬ 
rowing, harvesting and road grading aro fully cov¬ 
ered: also plain directions are given for handling the 
tractor on the road. 
This book will be sent to any address prepaid for 
sending us Two New Yearly Subscriptions or Four 
Yearly Renewal Subscriptions or One New Yearly 
Subscription and Two Renewal Subscriptions. 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, 333 W. 30th St.. W. Y. 
V- - 
V J- 
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- 
Use the Moline Foot Guide Cultivator 
For Wide or Narrow Rows 
F 
^OR cultivating crops planted 
in narrow rows such as peas 
or beans or for wide row 
crops such as corn, potatoes and 
tobacco, use the Moline Foot Guide 
Cultivator. With it you will do a better 
job and do it much easier tbcin with any 
other cultivator. In addition, you will 
get a cultivator which will 
outlast any other. 
Pivot wheels give the op¬ 
erator absolute and quick 
control over the gangs. In 
addition the operator can 
easily change the space 
between the gangs; adjust 
the gangs for depth; hinge 
the pole to regulate the front 
shovels for depth or to bal¬ 
ance the cultivator. Any of 
MOLINE LINE 
Com Pianters^ Cotton P/ant- 
era. Cultivators, Corn Binders, 
Grom Binders, Grain DriUs, 
Harrows, Hay Loaders, Hay 
Rafces* Lime Sowers, Usters, 
fAanure Spreaders, }Aowers, 
Piows (chiUed and steef). Reap^ 
ers, Scates, Seeders, Stalk 
Cutters, 'Tractors, Farm 
'Trucks. Wagons and Stephens 
Salient Six Automobiles* 
these operations may be made while 
the Moline Foot Guide Cultivator is in 
motion. These splendid features, the 
strong steel, light construction and the 
complete^ equipment, make the Moline 
Foot Guide remarkably effective and 
satisfactory in the field. 
Wheels can be adjusted from 32 to 
44 inches apart. 
_ A great variety of spring 
trip and pin break shovels 
can be furnished. In addi- 
tion such attachments as disc 
hilling, hilling shovels, spring 
trip center,springtooth(center 
and tobacco attachments can 
be furnished. 
Ask your Moline dealer 
about this splendid cultiva¬ 
tor or write us for full infor¬ 
mation. 
MOLINE PLOW CO. 
MANUFACTURERS OR QUALITV 
MOLINB.’ILLINOIS 
FARM IMPLEMENTS SINCE ie6&*^ 
