938 
JShe RURAL NEW-YORKER 
FAKBANKS HORSE & Ca 
Maiiufactuiets 
j Winter. All the Baldwins are dead, also 
the Greeninp.s. Some of the Spy put out, 
leaves, but they have made no new Avood. 
Some of the Wealthy have made .about 
two inches new wood to date, and the 
leaves are light in color; in fact, some 
have a decided Autumn tint. Now the 
que.stion is what shall a man do with 
these trees that received a setback, al¬ 
though not killed outright? Will they 
come back next season, or will they be 
ruined, and the onl.v thing to do will be 
to replant this Fall? Will it t.ake as long 
to nurse these three-year-old trees to ma¬ 
turity as to start afresh with new trees 
next Fall ? F. L. D. 
Dutchess Co., N. Y. 
We have Winter injury here the same 
as elsewhere. In looking over different 
orchards I find many contradictions. In 
the majority of cases the greatest loss 
seems to be where poor drainage exists, 
and where trees have been been neglected. 
In one orchard Avhere the be.st of care has 
been given for years there is quite a loss 
of Baldwins. In our OAvn orchards King 
has suffered most, Avhile Baldwins are af¬ 
fected very little. Dead limbs are found 
all through the Greenings. Seemingly, 
the cold Winter has brought out the Aveak 
spots in the tree.s. and the dead limbs 
and dying trees tell the story. I do not 
see that anything can be done, except to 
saAV off the dead limbs, and certainly a 
dead tree is no good except for fireAVood. 
It seems to be a clear case of the sur¬ 
vival of the fittest. The longer I live and 
-watch the trees as they gi-oAV up. the 
more I realize Avhat a precarious existence 
is that of a tree. Maybe these men aa'Iio 
haA'c been going around hoAvling over¬ 
production may be silenced noAV for a 
while. AV. A. BA,S.SETT. 
Seneca Co., N. Y. 
The damage to apple trees in this 
State Avas very .serious. In many sec¬ 
tions the tender Auirietie.s, particularly 
the Baldwin, Avere nearly all ruined. 
Some ])ersons estimated the loss in Frank¬ 
lin County alone as high as $.^00,000. 
The only apple in our oavu orchard that 
Avill giA'e us any fruit this year is the 
Tolman SAveet. The Bellflower, whiph 
blossomed sparingly, did not_ set any 
fruit. Few orchardists in this section 
Avill take the risk to set more Bakhvin 
trees. CHAS. S, POPE. 
Maine. 
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Over no years ago I Avas selling apple 
ti-ees in the region of Bay of Quinto, 
Ontario, and, hearing of Philip ^Ying, 
10 miles north of Brockville (near Og- 
densburg, N. Y., about 4.5 degrees north 
latitude (Maine is 4.3 degrees to 47 de¬ 
grees) as having planted mneb for 20 
years, I visited him, and learned partion- 
iars. After that I took to Bay of Quinto 
region (north shore of Lake Ontario, op¬ 
posite CisAvego, N. Y.) only such trees as 
liad .succeeded ,at I’liilip* Wing’s, the 
latitude being nearly the same. There 
Avere 11 or 12 kinds. T state them as 
I’m- as I can remember, Fameuse, Pomme 
Grise, Seek no Further, Bed Astraehan, 
Tolman SAveet. ITnbbardston Nonsuch, 
Duchess of Oldenburg, Wageuer and a 
crab (perhaps only one crab Avas current 
then). He had planted 2.000 trees_ of 
the kinds then poi)ular. All had failed 
hut the.se 11 or 12. I saAV the remains 
of his experiment; hoAV the several kinds 
failed, so far as their remains snrviAmd. 
iSIost of them hiyst hark on south side 
of body, if they survived long enough to 
grow a body. The Swaar grcAV to a tuft 
of toj) and some of root iu 10 or 12 
years, aud died—a top like that of formal 
Catalpa. V. E. P. 
Maine, » 
IVe have liad quite a number of reports 
of injury to apide trees as a result of the 
severe cold last Winter. Beach trees 
wei'e injured to a mueli greater extent 
than apijles. many of them .so severely 
liat tlu'.v Avill never recover. The effect 
of the injui’y to api)le trees shoAvs itself 
in A’arious Avays. Sometimes the trunk, 
and ficcasionally some of the larger 
In-anclies, sidit, leaving cracks from an 
eighth to half :in inch Avide. In the 
majority of cases the inner hark and eam- 
linm layer of the trunk turns hroAvn or 
black. This indicates that the tissue has 
been destroyed, thus preventing the nat¬ 
ural movement of Avater from the roots 
to the to)) of the tree. The lack of mois¬ 
ture causes the foliage to turn yelloAV, and 
may entirely defoliate and result in the 
death of the tree. Sometimes the injury 
to the cambium layer only occurs on one 
side of the trunk, in Avhich ease that side 
of the tree Avill he afl’ec-ted, Avhile the 
other side is perfectly healthy. Certain 
varieties, among AAdiieli are BaldAvin, King, 
Grimes and in some Cii.ses Duchess, are 
more generally affected tlmn others. There 
.seems to he A’cry little that one can do 
noAV to ovei-come this ininry- fl'rees that 
are Lacking in vigor might he partially 
revived by fairly heavy apidications of 
nitrate of soda, although for best results 
this should he applied in May or .Tune. 
A heuAyv inaining of Aveak trees next 
'Winter or Si)ring Avill aLso he heli)ful. 
Diaivided it is folloAved up by i)r<)per 
fertiliz.ation and culture. A mound of 
earth diatwii u)) around the trunks of the 
trees to a height of 10 to 12 inche.s just 
before the ground freezes, should also he 
beneficial not only Avitli Aveak trees, but 
also Avith tlios(' Avhich are now ])erfoctly 
healthy. Bridge-grafting has been at- 
temi)ted iu some cases, Avith varying de¬ 
grees of success. This method is in most 
cases impractical. Arthur j. farley. 
N. J. Experiment Station, 1 
August .3, lois 
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El.TlNG HAIIP, . New Faltz, N, Y. 
-uiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiniiiiinMiliiiiiiiiiiiniliBi 
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