962 
The Rural New-Yorker 
THE IWSISESR FAHyfKirS PAPER 
A National Weekly tloiirnul lor Country and Suburban IfomcA 
Established iiiJO 
rnbtlshrd werkly Iit tlir KnrnI ruhru^farinr ('omjmny. «33 >t>gt «Oih Streiit. ^<•w York 
Hkrbkrt W. CoLLiNowooD, I'l'osidont and Kditor. 
JoHK J. J)n^i/)K, Treasurer and General Maujijrer 
Wm. F. Dn.TX>N, SecretJiry. Mrs. K. T. Hoylk, Associate Editor. 
SUBSCRIPTION : ONE DOLLAR A YEAR 
To foreiprn countries in the rniversal I»ostal Cnion. $2.04. equal to 8s. 6d., or 
8^ marks, or 10>* francs. Remit in money oi*der, express 
oi-der, personal check or bank draft. 
Entered at New York I*ost OfUce as Second Class Matter. 
Advertising rates, 76 cents per apate line—7 words. References required for 
udvertisej's unkiiown to us ; and casli must accomjmny transient orders. 
“A SQUARE DEAL" 
V7G believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed bv a respon- 
Pible ^V e use every i>os.siblo j>recaution and admit the advertising of 
renable houses only. Rut to make doubly sure, we will make pood anv loss 
to paid subwHbers sustain<*<l by trustinp any deliberate swindler, irrespon- 
si))h; axlvertisers or misle^uiinp advertis<*mehts in our columns, and anv 
FUi'h j)ul)Iicly exposed. VVe are also often called upon 
to ajijiist dilrercnces or mistakes between our subscribers and honest. 
r'“spo!isible houses, whether advertisers or not. We willinplv use our poi>d 
offiC(?8 to this en/1, but such cases should not be confiised'with dishonest 
t lansjictions. >\ e protect subscribers apainst roppies. but we will not be 
responsible for the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned bv the courts. 
^otK•e of the complaint must be sent to ns within one month of the time of 
the transaction, and to identify it. you should mention Thk Rural Nkw- 
1 orkkr when writinp the advertiser. 
M any Ptranse pro])osifions are put up to us for 
advice or settleiueut. In many cases it would 
l e quite impossible for an outsider or stranprer to 
rnderstand the i)ersonalitics involved, and we can 
only .dve {general advice. In one case a tenant took 
a farm, and as a part of the conlract agreed to .seed 
as much wheat in the Fall as he found ^:rowin^ in 
the Spring when he look the farm. The next year 
he left the ])lace. and tiie owner found that there 
was a little nndor one acre of wheat less than he 
had the provions year. A controversy arose between 
the tenant and the owner as to how this should he 
made uj). The owner demanded .$70 to $.^0, as he 
said an acre of good wheat ought to bring that mnen 
in these war prices for grain and straw. The 
tenant offei-ed to pay the cost of seeding one acre of 
wheat and one-half the price of the seed. Who was 
right? Was the owner .iustifiod in demandin,g AVhat 
the acre of wheat would have hron.ght; ot- was the 
tenant fair in offering the cost of putting the 
M’heat in? 
* 
F ew .lerseymen seem to realize that the last 
New .Tei’sey Legislature appointed a committee 
to go over tlie school laws and suggest revision, 
lion. E. T. Gill of Trenton is chairman of this com¬ 
mittee, and we understand that he wants to hear 
from men and women Avho are interested in schools. 
At any rate, he and his committee ought to know 
what country ]ieople want in the rural schools. lie 
will not he likely to know unless farm men and 
women tell him. The school laws in all our Eastern 
States need overhauling. If we leave it entirely to 
(lie educators Are never shall have satisfactory 
.schools. The pai’ents and tax-payers must liaA’e 
so’ue say about it. As is the case in New York, 
Ave think the people best qualified to di.scuss our 
j’ural schools are the Avomen Avho once taught school 
and now haA’e children of their own to be educated. 
\Ve liope the country Jerseymen and JerspyAvomeu 
will make themselves heard before this committee. 
* 
Evekyaviiehe I go the men are feeling loyal to the 
gevernment, but very nnich dis.sati.sfied beoaii.se of the 
strict regulation of raAV material and so high jirices for 
the same when ready to u.se. I shall be pleased to lielp 
you at any time, as I am deejily interested in the Avork 
you are trying to do. 1 am doing my best to get the 
farmers in onr community to get after the editor of 
the J\'oclirsier Jfe7'old in regard to his attitude toward 
tlie farmers. Tlie people in the city, especially business 
men, are thinking for themselves these days. I always 
take lime to talk Avheu I find anyone Avho is at all 
interested. G. B. o. 
S everyone ought to kiiOAV by this time. The 
11. N.-l'. believes that most of the consumers 
in toAvn and city Avonld, if they could understand the 
.'•itnation, side Avith the farmers and gladly do a more 
direct bu.siness Avith them. The trouble is lar.gely 
due to the influence of some city papers Avhlch do 
their best thron,gh sneer and falsehood to abu.se or 
ridicule country people. This is creating a class 
j>re.iudice AA'hich ought not to exist among people of 
the great middle class. The remedy is srggested by 
this correspondent—get right after the papers Avhich 
j'.ct in this Avay. 
A IvE tiiere any practical farmers not connected 
Avith any of the various State organizations 
Arho Avill argue seriously for the New York farmers’ 
in.stitntes? We have done onr best to call out such 
1 ackers, hut tlins far they have not appeared. The 
great ma.ioi-ity of people Avho have thus far dhs- 
cii.s:-'ed the matter do not seem to care Avhether the 
institutes liA’e or die. Tliese meetings must huA'e 
f"iends somewhere. We Avant to knoAv Avho they 
a.re and Avhat arguments they have to pre.sent. In 
these Avar times, Avhen we all have to economize 
and cut out tlie useless things in order to Ha’c. there 
i.s no use carrying any public function after it be¬ 
comes ornamental or useful merely to a limited 
PAc RURAL NEW-YORKER 
class. From Avhat comes to ns. it Avonld seem that 
tlie Npaa- York farmers' institutes liaA'C entered that 
class. Tlierefore avo make this special call for prac¬ 
tical and independent farmers avIio Avant them 
<-ontiniied. 
rs 
The Germans have said how they aa-ouIiI force their 
enemies when victory Avas Avon to suiqily them Avith 
raw^ materials for them to manufacture, then sell ns 
and the re.st of the Avnrld. When we are A’ictorions Avh.v 
may Ave not force tliem to suppl.v ns Avith potash on 
more just terms than in the jiast? They have it in 
enormous .supply, and should lie comiiolled to i)ay a 
large indemnity in that much-needed element. Indem¬ 
nity could iie paid i)y Germany, in potash, to the 
A'arious gOAmrnmeiits. in A'ahie equal to the bonds issued 
AVitli interest added, and the potash sold to farmers 
direct or through fertilizer manufacturers and dealers, 
thus cancelling the bonds. I haA'e seen no mention of 
this idea in any paper. e. r. robtxrox. 
Of course the first part of any .such program is to 
Avhip Germany so thoroughly that she cannot make 
any “German peace.” It is true that the German 
tJoA'crnment is reported as .saying that they AA’onld 
compel England to pay in avooI. Russia in leather. 
France in Avine'and art and Italy in oil and fruit, 
and other nations in AAiieat. meat and money. That 
little hill Avill not he presented to Fnclo Sam. and 
Germany Avill not he permitted to monopolize her 
potash dej'O.sits. Within a fc'AV years Ave think the 
j'Ota.sh from Spain and increasing supplies in thi.s 
country Avill snpidy onr needs; Germany Avill not 
liaA'e any monoply. luit must comitele in the Avorid’s 
market much as she did Avitli her beet sugar before 
the Avar. This nation is not engaged in any AA-.ar 
of conquest, and is pledged to tho highest ideals in 
.settlemeiit of Avar issues, hut Germany will have to 
j>ay a torrilde price for her crime. 
* 
The Loaf of Bread 
In lOl.’l the farmer received 2.a per cent of tho price 
of a loaf of bread for his Avheat The miller took six 
per cent for his toll, including tlie cost of containers 
for the flour. I’lie baker and distributor got <!.S per 
cent of the retail cost. 
In the first months of lOlS the farmer fared better. 
He got 45 per cent of the total cost of the lo.af. fl’lie 
miller, from 14 per cent, to Avhieh his part rose in 
1017, had been brought doAvn once more to six per 
cent. The baker and distributor had cut doAvn their 
.share to 40 per cent. 
It is discouraging to see this fooli.sh old falsehood 
still running tlirongli the daily papers. This time 
it from the Rochester Union. We have again and 
a.gain shoAA’u up this statement. On page 020 Ave 
printed the actual figures regarding three different 
loaves of bread and one i)opnlar cereal Avhich Ave 
bought here in Noaa' York : 
Per cent of 
Ounces of Farmer’.s consumer’s 
Rread 
Avheat 
Cost 
Share 
dollar 
No. 1. 
, 17.25 
1.5c 
3.Sc 
25 
No. 2. 
10.50 
10c 
2..3C 
23 
No. 3. 
13 50 
15c 
3c 
20 
Cereal. 
. 12 
15c 
2.7c 
18 
These figures have been submitted to Government 
authorities and Ave have called for cnticism. None 
has been offered and these figures mn.st stand. In 
llie face of them it is nothing short of criminal to 
make it aiipeai’ that fiirmers receiA’e 45 per cent of 
the total co.st of the loaf. 
>!•* * 
I AAr reading The R. N.-Y’’. every Aveek Avith much 
interest, esj)ecia]ly the crop outlook and produce )n'ices. 
i^ometimes it seems almost tragic to see some farmer 
A',ho needs help and can afford to pay no more offering 
$00 per month and liouse for a good strong reliable 
man. Avhen I know several such in this plant that 
V ould rather be hack on the farm but Avho are making 
more than double that money here, only working eight 
hours for a day, and tho comiiany snijplies comfortable 
hiMises with all improA'ements and a small garden at 
$12.75 i)er month. f. h. s. 
Noav Jer.soy. 
That is from a Avorkman in a munitions plant. He 
sees the lieart of the iiresent trouble. The munition 
makers are guaranteed a profit Avhich permits them 
to ])ay a good man twice Avhat he could earn on a 
f irm. The farmer bids up to the limit of his pOAver, 
and then he. must stop and see other industries bribe 
Ins men aAvay. We sometimes think the most jiatri- 
otic Avorkers in tho Avorld are the farmers and Avork- 
n.en Avho stick to the farm and refuse to he l)i-ibed 
into other occupations. 
* 
Moke than 40 years ago the Avriter kncAV a small 
hoy Avho crawled under a hole in a fence in order 
to see the great Dexter trot a mile heat in about 
2:10. It Avas lieralded as a great ])erformance, and 
it seemed to the hoy at lea.st, that nothing could 
ever take the road at higher .s])eed. Not long ago 
that same hoy found himself in the middle of tho 
night, hack in the country, Avith the nece.ssity of 
reaching the city in time to make a ti’ain. A coun¬ 
try boy drove him in a car over a lonely, dark road 
at a speed of 55 miles an hour 1 We sometimes Avon- 
der Avhat Avonid liaA-e happened to (lie driving horse 
if the development of the antomohile had been hack 
25 years! The other day a young mare jiaced a 
mile in 1:5Si/4, Avhile another mare, Mabel Trask, 
August 10 , lots 
trotted a mile in 2:01%. Few people in these days 
pay much attention to fast horse.s. We have an idea. 
howcA’cr, that interest in trotting hor.ses Avill return 
before long. There aaus a jileasure in hreedin.g and 
dcA'cloping a good road horse which cannot he found 
in any management of a car. It is the difference 
Itotween life and machinery, and we look for a neAv 
ajipeal from life. 
I T is stated on good authority that during the past 
year nearly $500,000,000 of fraudulent stocks 
and bonds InaA’e boon sold to the American people. 
IMost of tills AA'ortliless stuff lias been exchanged for 
l.iherty bonds Avhich, as CA’cryone knoAv.s. are the 
finest security in the AA'orld. Tlie rascals Avho work 
those schemes are good students of human nature. 
'I'hoy keep track of people aa’Iio Iiu.a* Liberty bonds 
and then got after them Avith a story that these 
stocks and bonds Avill pay 12 or 15 per cent. Why 
j'lay Avith government 4 per cents AA'hen yon can make 
throe and four times as much in these new “.'<ocnri- 
ties’’? Yon Avill he told that yon liaA'e done yoiir 
full duty to the country by pnrcha.sing tho Liberty 
1 onds—noAA’ comes the duty to your family by mak- 
in.g the dollar earn more. It does not seem possible 
that intelli.gent men and Avomen Avill he Avilling to 
(Xclian.L'e the perfectly sure Liberty bonds for this 
Avildcat paper—hut nearly $500,000,000 Avorth liaA-e 
been tlms exchanged dnrin.g the pa.st year. Yon no¬ 
tice that every day these bonds are sold in tho stock 
market at a Ioav figure. Those are the bonds ex¬ 
changed in tliis fooli'h and nni)atriotic AA’ay. Tho 
result is a discount in the i>rice of bonds. Avhile they 
accnmnlate in the hands of big liankers and moneyed 
interests, Avliicli is jn.st the thing AA'hich ought not 
to haiipen. It makes ns sad to think that any ]ierson 
of moderate means .«honld gamble in this Avay Avitli 
this solid government security. We urge all onr 
friends to Iiang onto their bonds. Do not c^xchan.ge 
]'ll re gold for a “gold brick.” 
* 
A NUMP.ER of readers have a.sked Avhat price 
the European Allies liavc paid for AA’heat dur¬ 
ing the past year. The Food Admini.stration has 
given n.s the folloAving information: 
The principle on which Ave have invoiced a”!''' -' 'o 
c^tir Allies this jiast year has been on the same 1 .-s 
onr American u.sers—and Hour also—added to ul : h 
they have paid an administration fee of one pe: C''rt. 
tho same as the American mills did on all wheat they 
bought under the Grain Corporation direction. 
There are many faianers who haA'o groAA'ii su e I 
areas of Avheat uoav just harvested. They are co’i- 
fi*onted by reports that they cannot use or even feed 
this grain on their oAvn farms. The note on ])age 
00.1 Avill set this at rest. This grain can he ground 
ft home or fed in (he .sheaf to ]ioult.ry. 
* 
M ANY' farmers in IMonmonth Co., N. ,T., are get¬ 
ting fine rc'snlts from seeding Alfalfa in corn 
as a coA or croji. This soc'd is ])nt in about the middle 
of .Inly Avith a small quantity of Timothy .sec'd 
added. The land is mostly light, hut under the 
.s ystem of using cover croi)s Avith one so-called money 
crop in the rotation tliese faianers groAv fine corn 
and obtain an excellent stand of Alfalfa. AVe hear 
similar laqiorts from I.ancaster Go., I‘a., AA’hore some 
farmers also seed Alfalfa in the coiai. There the 
money croji is tobacco, while in Monmouth Gonnty 
it is ])ot:itoes. In both jdaces the money crop is 
highly fertilized and receives tho finest cultivation, 
and all this sIioavs in every crop through the imita¬ 
tion. It is, Ave think, partly re.s])onsil)le for this suc¬ 
cess of Alfalfa as a coA’cr croji. Lor years aa'o AA’ei'o 
all taught that Alfalfa could not he .successfully 
i tarted in this Avay, yet hero the.se farmers are break¬ 
ing ca.st-iron rules as if they Avere agricultural junk. 
Brevities 
Itai.A' 1ms called “citizens of both sexes between the 
ages of 15 and 05” to help on the land. 
IVe hate to see cold cash drawn out of farmer's 
pocket bj’ hot air. 
SwiTZEKEANi), a dairy country, limits the dailv allow¬ 
ance of milk per adult to about four-fifths of a jiint 
per day. 
Many a youug man Avill do Avell to enter his “de¬ 
clining years” early— by d<>elining to follow blindfolded 
along “the path of least resistance.” 
I'liE Engli.sh people seem to have turned the corner 
<ff danger in the food (piestion. Roth grain and meat 
crops Avill be greatly incera.sed this year, and the fish 
crop is larger than ever. 
Duki.ng May, lOl.S. 14,817.001 ])ounds of cotton Avere 
imported into the United States. Most of it came from 
log.ynt. Total exports during the same month AA’ere 
45,837.005 pounds. 
The same old trouble over agreements or contracts is 
coming uj). I’eople start at farming Avitli .some sort of 
a verbal imderstaiiding. Soon there is a failure to agree, 
with nothing definite about what was intended, since 
h(,th j)arties understand it differently. Do not start 
hmsiness without a legal document fully signed by both 
1 urties. 
