994 
of so iiincli if intolliffonf ly liiindlod: Ik'P ofl'- 
sjn’infr an' Avoi-th real (Jollars and oonts. ami tlion* 
is a constant inspiration in yiviiijr lici‘ a clianco to 
“make ;;ood" in ofiicial tost work. 'I'lin'o .V(*ars afto 
llio writer's family was strni'ijlinf' alony will- yrades. 
Some of tliem were seven-eifilillis }rrade, whicl) means 
fliat a i»nrelir('d sirc' liad bee'ii in nse for sneli a 
l(‘nj.dh of time that, tlie animals w<‘r(‘ jiraetically 
jinrehn'd themse]v(*s. yet inca])alde of reyistetinjr. 
Onr iH'ar-pnrehreds were sncli yood i)rodneers, w«‘re 
siieh a eonti’asl to the scrubs we also owned, that it 
.s('oined ahsolnl(d.v ec'rtain that aJl ]»nrehreds would 
h(* best. So w<^ had an auction, after thinkiny tin' 
matter ovc'r for sevc'ral months. 'Plu' foot-and-mouth 
dis(‘ase broke out in New York State the day before 
onr .sah' was schednh'd, and the cattle )nark(‘t took 
a decifh'd slnniit. We incidentally took a loss on 
half the iu'rd, onr h<‘st yrade cow scdliny for $110, 
and wlu'ii we saw that onr yonny stock was not 
yoiny to briny what they normally should, we called 
the sale otT and kept aronml 10 of the latter. The 
ne.\t W(‘('k we honyht live inirehred llokstein- 
Friesians at one of the hiy Feiitral New York sah'.s, 
and toda.v we own .‘lo ]mrehreds. inchidiny h<‘rd sin'. 
We tinally have sold off all onr yrades. and by 
keepiny them a year or two lonyer. n'aliy.ed vc'ry 
yood ]»ric('s on them. Fach sneceediny yc'ar wln'ii 
yrades wc'rt' sold we took this mom'.v. added a little 
and honyht sev('ral moi’e pnn'hreds. We believe onr 
lierd is worth $r).(KK) toda.v. where it was worth 
$l.r»00 three years ayo. We believe' onr move ])aid 
and that all dairynn'ii and women who love cows 
and intend to do their best by them should emu¬ 
late' us. 
WOKKl.Nti For KFST:LTS.- Dnriny the first 
ye'jirs e)f yettiny a yeieid start in ])ure'hreels eef any 
lire'e'd. one has to buckle eleiwn anel imt e'very cent 
ii te) the' he'rel. Then later that here], if it is we)rth 
its salt, will turn arenind and pay .von hae*!: tifty- 
feilel, hut emly pnre'hrf'el animals e-an he exiie'cteel tee 
ele) this. The' man who succe'e'els Avith re'yistere'el 
steick must he' a yeteal farmer anel manayer. Tn fact, 
he must he a yoeiel husine.ss man. a linancier. an elli- 
cienc.v exiiert, an e'xe-ellent lierelsnmn. anel e'very 
other kind of e'xjiert with Avhiedi his job eU'iils. The 
ineidern elairyman tinds time tei re'ael: he is a stinUmt. 
theniyh ]»e'rhai»s .se'lf-eelucateel. lie ke'eits ahivast eif 
the elairyiny time's, eir he cannot .siu'ce'e'd. He bal¬ 
ance's his e-attle''s ratiems as a nieither iire'paivs lier 
liahy's nmelitie'd milk—Avith themyht anel care. He 
is a cleiver anel Alfalfa enthusiast anel raises tlu'se 
hays in spite' etf ditliculties in order tee he'at^the femd 
till. He helieve's in Avater buckets in the hjirns. anel 
easy-swinyiny stanchiems, anel Ave'll-A'e'ntihite'd ejiiar- 
te'i-s. His hjirn theeirs are eif cement anel e'very hit 
eif manure is siiA’eel anel imnu'eliatel.A’ spreael Avith a 
mannre-s])re'jieler on his lanels. He' has one silo, 
I.re'fe'v.ihly twei. and tills them hrimminy Avith Avedl- 
mature'el cetrn in the Fall. He rai.ses many acres eif 
harh'.v anel oats, also cattle' he'ets feer the test 
latieen, and turniies anel cahhayes in aeldition. His 
jeastiire's aiv Avell Avateia'el anel une-reeAvelc'el. anel he 
ekes them eeut Avith silaye iinel yrain—a metheed eef 
ke'cpiny ni» the milk thiAV at Avhie'h e)\ir fathers Avoeihl 
have raise'el the'ir haneis in hedy heerror. The s\ic- 
ce'ssful elairyman eef teeel.ay buys his feeels feer Wintei' 
in the e'arly Summer—anel saves many ehellars a 
teen. He fe'eds epiantities eef exiH'UsiA-e fe'e'el anel 
raises eve'i-y hit that he can te) hel]). anel comes eeut 
alu'ad. If his ste)ck is imrehre'd anel the lime has 
ari'iveel Avhe'ii he' can se'll his surielus. Iris ti’oulele's 
are itrae-tieally eever. The little hull calves out of 
tested dams anel the etlel cerAVs Avhich can he tnrne'el 
off at beef or feeundatiem price's uoav keep nnmey 
in his I'.eeckets anel eprickl.v jea.A’ edf the ]:rinciital 
Avhich Avas re'epiired tee yet starteel. 
THF ROOT OF THE MATTER.—It all aineuints 
tc E’.is : The Raheerck tester, as i»e)])ularized by the 
elairy im])i'ovement assere-iations. has terlel us that one 
lunielv'd ite)e)r ce)AVs are too man.A'—anel one yererel eene 
not ('ne)uyh. If aac ye) iiheael een this truth, the sev¬ 
eral million .struyyliny .scrub herds of Amerie'a must 
yer the Avay e)f all untit thinys, anel the yeAeeel yrade 
I'e'rels and the he'tter inirehred herels Avill only rev 
niain to tell the tab'. The men avIu) fail to under- 
stanel ceiAVs Aveiulel better se'iiarate freun them, anel 
ye) to ])e'elelliny tea e)r huileliny he)use's or ele)iny the 
thiny Avhich tlu'y Avere inteneh'd te) eh). The day is 
past Avhen a man is .iustifie'd in puttiny liis hand 
into his peicket every meenth te) keep the e)lel herel 
ye)iny. Such men pre)hal)ly have no faith in yrain 
hills, in ce)mfe)rtal)le stalls, in 40-pounel ceiAvs or 
lhe)usanel-pe)und heifers. 'riie'.v think that a ce)AV 
should suppe)rt herself anel the' family e)n a str;iAV- 
stack anel freezen Avate'r anel tuim a lu'at profit to 
l)oe)t. "There ain’t ne) such animal,'’ anel never has 
he'en. The moelern elairyman anel the nueelern ce)AV 
are' a miyhty ce)mliinatie)n teewarel se)lviny the Aveerlel's 
loeeel supply. This is the day of hiyhly specializee.1 
Oie RURAL NEW-YORKER 
mae-hines. men anel milch aniimils. iind ne)t the h'ast 
nf those nro the yreat elairy ce)Ws avIu) have hrouyht 
fame' anel feertunc to ave'niye elairymem Avhe) Aveerke'd 
Avith them. We can believe that poeer hereis are a 
eirain een the' Aveerlil's sheert fe)e)el suieply, anel such 
he'iny the e-ase', theii’ oAvners Avill elo Ave'll te) rt'fnse' 
to sni)i)e)rt them any hniye'r, anel inste'ael insist that 
the'.v ye) to ine-re'ase the' leresent he'cf sui)ply. 
LOOKIN<; FORWARD. —There' is ji woneh'rfnl 
future ahe'.-id. it Aveuilel se'cm. feer those Avho Ji.ave 
he'e'ii iihh' te) hany e)n anel Avho in time' Avill re'.ap 
theii’ .inst rcAvard. We' must have milk, hutte'r anel 
che'e'se', and .so far no jinim.al othe'r than the e-oAv 
l.jis he'en inve'iite'd to sipeply the'se iirodncts. If the 
small ])i’e)dne'e'i's of milk are' made inte) he'ef. the tiehl 
Avill he' h'ft te) the' cattle' avIu) can far niore tlnin 
.iustify the'ir e'xistence. The'ii el.airyiny ce)nditie)ns 
will automatie-all.v aeljeist them.selve's—the hiAvs e)f 
sn])i)ly, demand anel surplus will take e-are e)f them- 
selve'S anel the el.-iiry hnsine'ss man e)f the- future 
can yo te) Ave)rk to sui)i)l.v anel hre'cd the enily kind 
of ce)w the* Ave)rld Avants—the jeayiny e*e)Av. 
Fhenanye) Ce)., N. Y. nKi,K>'s. k. avillcox. 
A New Potato Trouble 
Lack of Water and Proper Food 
l’.\HT II. 
Y.VTIYINn CONDITIONS.—We have seen many 
ca.se's Avhere the treenhh' .she)Ave'el eever a lielel Avhen 
the vine's uneler shade trt'es, e'spe'ciall.v aieph's, Avhich 
are apt te) he Avithin the tielel.s, Avere still quite yree'ii 
Picliuio Patches. Fig. .'/87 
anel nmiffe'e'te'el. In many eelhe'r cast's Ave' have se'cn 
Avhere the lielel Avas epiite irre'ynl.-i)• that the vine's 
Avert' always yreen in the yullies ten the leeAver peer- 
tions where the e'arth was nieert' meeist anel ye)t the 
Av.-ish fieem the fe'rtilizjition. Invariably in lie'lds 
Avith yi'Jivelly kneells the trouble first apiee'jire'el anel 
she)we'd more' |)re)mint'ntly in these si)e)ts, ne) matte'r 
Avhat the fertilizatieni. In pe)e)r tie'lels. insnllie-iently 
fei'tilizeel. and in le':ie-hy soils, the ti'otihle lias always 
been me)st pre)ne)une-e'el. espee-ijilly if eenly aidilie-ial 
fertilizers Avere use'd. Fie'lds that have he'en 
heavily manureel. eer had a e-omieh'te fertilize'!' t*e)n- 
taininy peetiish, Imve' met suffe'reel like' lie'lds Avhe'i'e' 
eeiily ji 4-10 fertilize'!' hj!s he'e'ii i!st'd. We have see!! 
lie'lds where :! he'jivy coiiliny e)f !i!a!i!!!'e ajeplie'd eever 
])i!!'t e)f it anel a .'MO fei'tilize'!' iepplietl eever iill of it. 
havi!iy the' viiee's e)!! the' enaniM'eel part sfaeid up ii! 
yoe)tl sliiipe, Avhile e)!i the' reenaieule'!' it Avt'!il elown 
p!'t'!!!.'!ti!!'e'ly. l!! e)the'!' tie'lels AVe' Inive' seen Avhee't' 
pi!!'t of the' la!!el Imel hot'!! i!i c!'))i)s the' i)!'e'vi))i!s ye'iir 
ii!!el i)a!'t Iniel heo!! eiewly phewe'el, Avith J! 4-10 fe'!'- 
tilizer le.seel eever jill, hievieiy the vieie's m.ike ii better 
.she)Avi!iy e)!i the se)el than e)!! the reeei.'iieielei' e)f the 
field. We h:ive iilse) .se'cn lie'lds e)f jioor eir h'achy 
•soil em Avhie'h ii 4-10 fertilizer was use'el jireeeluciny a 
fjiirly lu.xuriani, yreiAvlh unele'r the laveirahle meiist 
conelitiein.s e)f the Spi'iny ;inel e'iii'ly Summer, yoiny 
eloAvn Avhen this fe'i'tilizer hael he'en u.seel uj) eir 
le'ached eent, Avheu it re'jilly ne;e'ele'el plenty e)f fertilizer 
iinel nmi.stui'e at the* time of rajiiel tuber feirmation. 
THE ROOT OF THE TROt'RLE.— All the'se facts, 
teiye'ther with the furthei' eine that a fnnyus sheiulel 
Avork me)st eh'structively in ii nink ve'yetiitie)!! Avhei'o 
there is pU'uty e)f meiisture', Avhich is the ceenelitiem 
in Avhich the potateies elo ne)t ye) ele)wn .so re'iielily, 
h'lid me te) the conclusie)!! that lae'k e)f me)i.stu!'e anel 
insullie'ient lelant fe)oel, e)f Avhle'h i)e)tash is eene e)f 
the facteers. are primaril.y re'siieensihle feer me)st of 
the troubles, rather thiin funyi, jeeeeer see'd, eer in¬ 
sects, especially lice, all of Avhich have been attrih- 
Auyu.st 24, li)lS 
nte'el iis the cause'. That plant foeiel is a lerominent 
facte)!' is further impre'.sseel upein my mind by the' 
fact that in the northeu!! teibjiccei-yroAviny sections, 
whei'e manure anel comide'te fertilizei's. espe'ciallv 
those cemtaininy ;i ceinsiilei'iible ii!ne)nnt of peitash. 
have been useel iibunelantly in ptist yeai's, 1 am mit 
able' i!s yet to find this freaible lu'ominent. nlthouyh 
in S))me see'lions the creejis ai'c be'yinniny to sulTe'i' 
fi'enn lack of moisture'. Fui'lliei'ineere', in scheeol iiml 
Avj!!' yiirdens. Avhei'e' the seeil in nniny cases is riilhe'r 
]'e)or anel only oomme'i'e'iiil fe'rtilizers have been use'd, 
the trouble se'cms to he more lU'eiminent than else'- 
Avhei'e'. as avc miyht susiie'ct. I undei'stiind. be'sides 
Connecticut, this ti'ouble has apiie'are'd in Nt'w 
Jersey, l.ony Ishiml. Southern New Yeerk. ami e-om- 
plalnts iire ne)Av cenniny in freim Rhode Island and 
^Massachusetts. 
PREVIorS INYESTICATION.— In 1010 in the 
A!'e)e)Ste)e)k ])e)ti!lo elistrict e)f Maine, Irish Ceibhlers 
suffereel A\'ith a trouble similar to thiit eh'serihed un¬ 
eler the thirel t.vpe'. In this iiartie'iilar case many 
inve'stiyateii's. Avlm Avere in that reyiem at that time, 
atti'ibute'el the trouble to lack of ])e)tash. Avith po.s- 
sibly funyi as se'ceeneljiry f:icte)!'.s. We hael seime 
)-liyht .A'e'lleiwiny e)f li'ish Cobblers in Ceinnecticut 
that .vear. In 1!)17 Ave' hael no ceempliiints e)f e'xaetl.v 
this type in Connecticut, althouyh many fields did 
jieieirly Avhich Avere' .saiel te) have he'en in.lui'eel by lice. 
Dr. Britte)!i, our enteemeeloyist. is now ine-lineel to be- 
lie've that not all the treeuble atti'ibute'el te) lice Avas 
e'aii.se'el by the'in. althe)!!yh there is ne> eloiibt that 
Avhe'i'e they Avere es])e'cially abundant on the ye)uny 
vines se'i'ienis injury resulted. 
SOIL SELECTION. —All these obse!'vatie)!is hiive 
h'd me to the ce)nclusie)!! tlnit avc inii.st he c:irefill in 
the future, so lony as our fertilizers remain incom- 
plete', in the charae-ter of the yroiind Avhich Ave 
(boose for jiotatoes, anel in the manner in Avhich Ave 
fertilize' the same'. If ft'asible. .select sod land or 
land tlnit has he'e'ii Ave'll fe'i'tilize'd Avith the jirevious 
e ro]). .\,ve)iel Avorn-oiit or h'achy soils. If jiossihle 
fe rtilize Avith a he'.'iAy coafiny of AA'e'll-reitted manure 
l)h)Ave'el in the pre'vions Fall or in the Siiriny. This 
Avill siipiily humus. Avhich retains nmisture and 
nitreiye'ii ami iieelash. the mo.st esse'iitial elements feir 
peltate) yreiAviny. Whe'i'e jieissibhi use a cemiph'te fer¬ 
tilizer. Whe're an iiu'emiplete' one is useel. eh) imt 
])lae'e' all eif this em the' lanel befeire iilantiny iieitatoes, 
hut u.se ])art of it oiie'c eir tAvice after the vine's are 
up. Bractie'e reilalion. I’nh'ss the soil is espe'e-ially 
Avell adapte'd feir yreiAviny jiotateies. lu'ver jilant two 
je'iirs in successiem in the same iilace'. Fse jirefer- 
ably northern-yroAvn se'eel and eif the best epiality. 
anel yive the' vines' thorouyh cultivatiein anel jireite'c- 
tiem ayainst inse'cts anel funyi. In either Avords. a 
peltate) vine, like ,a human beiny. re'siieinds to the 
be'st tre'atment. anel Avhat it lu'e'els meist are moisture', 
nitroyeii anel iiotash, Avith favorable ceniditiems for 
obtaininy these'. 
EFFECTS OF DROFtiHT.—The fact that lack of 
moisture has hael a ve'ry imiiorlant be'ariny em this 
trouble is shoAvn by recent injury tei either jilants, 
elyiny yrass anel Ire'e's hisiiiy their feiliaye, frenn the' 
..dry. hot Ave'ather of .Inly LM tei .‘{0. The potatei is 
the mo.st snbje'ct to elremyht injury eif any eif eiur 
cnltivafe'el cre)]).s. so naturall.A' this is the tirst to 
shoAV its ill e'ffects. Ordinarily this is sheiAvn as 
tip-hurn. but this ye'ar the injury has iieit he'en so 
much e)f this type as in the prematnriny eif the' 
folia.ye. Vine's neit toe) early eir snelelenl.v kilh'd still 
put a e-einsiderable yroAvth into the tubers, so the 
injury Avill not he .so yreat in some lielels as siis- 
pe'cteel. We' have had ne) ceimplaint of rottiny tii- 
be'i's. Late bliyht is neiAV here' in some tie'lels, but 
nnele'i' elry e'emelltiems is eleiiny no iiarticular liarm 
as yetj The abunelant and ye'neral rain eif July .‘JO-.'ll 
put an enil to the elry Ave'atlu'r anel shenilel jireive of 
yreat value to llmse potato lielels neit teiei far yeme. 
.\uyust 5.—.VII my late'r eibservations ami ceinsul- 
lations Avith either investiyateirs h'ael me te) the con¬ 
clusion that lack of moisture Avas the iirimary facteir. 
anel iiisnllie'ie'nt eir unhalanceel fertilizatieni the sc'e'- 
e'lielar.A’ factor in the develeipment of this trouble'. 
1 leieik fell' mi serienis injury to the lielels in the' 
northern part eif Cenine'ctie'ut neiAV that avc have had 
sullicie'iit rainfall to last senne time'. Late bliyht is 
the eml.v trouble uoav tei be feareel. 
Ceinnex'ticut. pkof. g. r. clintox. 
Discussion of the Spray-Gun 
I) meet the yroAviny popularit.A' of the dry-dust 
method eif applyiny insecticides anel funyicides, 
the manufae'turers eif liepiid sprayiny machinery have 
de'siyneel the spray-yun. The spray-yiin is a liyht. 
eonqiae't reiel ahenit Iavo feet lony, anel sei cemstructeel 
that it Avill threiAv a larye volume of spray material 
at hiyh pressure. By openiiiy the yiin te) its full 
capacity a straiyht stream capable of beiny throAvn 
