1030 
"Uhe RURAL IVEW-YORKEK 
illli'!:; 
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Live^fStd 
Ccure of Breeding Sire 
1. The other day I got into an argu¬ 
ment. The subject was a purebred bull; 
the breed makes no dill'erence. I’liis bull 
had little feed during the Winter and is 
naturally in poor condition and stunted. 
The argument was. “Would this bull pro¬ 
duce as good calves in this shape as if he 
had been well fed and in good condition?" 
bly argument was that he would not; 
Jievertlu'less, I want to know the truth, 
because I have a purebred animal that I 
ha-re fed well, is in good shape, and large 
for his age. If they will produce as good 
c.alves without f‘'ed. I will stop feeding 
mine and .save money. I should think 
that a good f)oint could be made by look¬ 
ing at the big breeders of cattle. They 
ha^ e their stock in good shape. Also they 
eoidd make more money by not feeding 
their herd sires, and making the samo 
amount of money by service fees. It 
\rould hardly be good business, would it. 
to spend a few hundred dollars for foed 
for a bull when the money could be saved 
by not feeding him. as “his calves would 
be just as good in either case”? I would 
really like to be .set right in this matter. 
2. Can you tell me what milk (from 
what breed) supplies riiiladelphia. Pa.. 
Holstein, .Jersey, Cuernsey or Ayrshire, 
and how much by each breed? K. a. -w. 
P.lakeslee, Pa. 
1. If the bull in question was “stunted" 
and had not been well grown as a 
your critir-isra was merited, 
mer" condition, that is an 
of fl'^sh and finish, does not by 
breeding bull’s use- 
is also common practice to “modify” cer¬ 
tain of the milk that is bottled to an es¬ 
tablished butterfat reading. However, it 
is f.'iir to say that the bulk of the grade 
cows are grade Holsteins, since there is 
no premium of any extent placed on milk 
with a high butterfat content. Certain 
it i^, however, that all of the distributors 
have a special trade for a grade of milk 
showing more than average quality and 
color and the bulk of this milk comes 
from Guernsey or Jersey herds. Ayrshire 
cows gi^■e milk that tests around four per 
cent and this grade is especially i)opular 
for ho.spital use. and man.v households are 
not content with any either grade of milk. 
The relatively low price of milk has pre¬ 
cipitated a wave of quantity-producing 
cows and naturally the black and whites 
have camped on most of our dairy farms 
where market milk was the desired pro¬ 
duct. F. C, MINKLER. 
store. Very few chickens being raised; 
feed is too high. We have to oa.v 
for cracked corn and the other feeds cost 
in the same way, when we can .get them. 
Young pigs, .$G each at four weeks of 
age, and a good call for them; can get 
at present about 2.3c per lb. for pork at 
Rome, N. Y. Crop i.s one-third less than 
one year ago. Wages for ha.ving run from 
$1.50 to $4 for a man per day. ii. e. t. 
Oneida Co.„ N. Y. 
This is a dairy county, with some po¬ 
tatoes, oats and a few apples. Crops are 
looking fair, except corn; the outlook is 
not good, as there is a great shortage of 
help. Milk is bringing $2.49 for 3 per 
cent. Hay, $15 to .$1S; old potatoes are 
about gone, the last selling 60 to 70c per 
bu. Dairy cows, $100 to $125; butter, 
42 to 45c. The greatest complaint is the 
help question; farmers say they cannot 
take care of the crops. j. n. 
Cattaraugus Co., N. Y. 
EVENTS OF THE WEEK 
young.ster. 
However, 
abundance 
any means measure a 
Milk and Butter Notes 
I retail my butter in Oneonta at 50c 
per lb., and my egg.s at 47c. Milk is 
bringing .$2.62 for August at the station. 
Some of my neighbor-s .sell their butter 
on New York market at 4<!c and 47e to 
n-tailcrs. Price paid producers for dressed 
pdi'k, 22c: beef. Hie and 38o; fowls. 2Sc. 
Potatoes, new, $1..50 per bu.; e.arly ap- 
DOMlkSTIC.—Rv a margin of two 
votes, 104 to lOtJ. the constitutional coii- 
ventiiiu Aug. 1.5 defeated a jiroposed 
amendment to permit the iMnssachusetts 
Legi.slature to make voting compul.sor.v. 
Gustave Stahl, the ix'r.iurer who serv<‘d 
18 months in the Atlanta Penitentiary 
for signing an affidavit that he saw .six- 
inch guns mounted on the deck of the 
Lusitania the night before she left New 
York on her last vo.vage, was recom¬ 
mended for internment as a dangt'rmis 
enemy alien by Rufus W. Sprague, chief 
of the Enemy Alien Bureau, Aug. 15. 
Stahl, who -w'as i-eleased at Atlanta in the 
Fall of 1917. has been woi'king since iu 
fulness. In o*'her words, an inferior bull, 
in full fie.sh, is of no more value «.<? n 
hreriler than if he was in poor condition. 
Very often flesh is a possession that 
shortens or limits a bull’s usefulne.ss as 
a breeder. He gets little exercise, be¬ 
comes laz.v and inactive and his virilit.v 
soon departs. On the other hand, a bull 
well grown when a youngster and sensibl.v 
maintained rmtil be reaches maturity, 
tbwi kept active and thin in flesh, will 
no doubt serve a long and useful life. 
Flesh will cover n}» a multitude of defects, 
but as sure as fate it will shorten the 
usefulness and aetivify of breeding ani¬ 
mals. I would not underestimate the 
value and actual necessity of feeding 
breeding animals liberal maintenance ra¬ 
tions. Vigor and energy can he secured 
in no other way and these qualities are 
fundamental. Srrong. healthy calves must 
trace to parents that have been well fed 
and cared for, but it is not at all neces¬ 
sary that such stock parents be main¬ 
tained in show condition as the inquirer 
suggests. 
Some of the greatest sires have never 
apjieared in the show ring; their owners- 
would not risk putting them in high flesh 
or condition, knowing full well that there 
is a well-established danger line. I think 
T know what the argument centered 
••irouii d. It is a question often debated. 
There is an honest difference of opinion. 
If one is selling calves from a certain 
sire he often finds it advantageous to show, 
the prospective customer their sire. If 
he is in good flesh and finish be will pre¬ 
sent a much more attractive appearance. 
It is what a bull does rather than what 
he appears to be that gives him a value 
in the breeders’ arena. If he is main¬ 
tained in a lean, vigorous condition, free 
from excessive flesh or so-called showyard 
finish his owner will gain in the long run 
over the man who believes in and prac¬ 
tices the method of keeping his brooding 
herd, espoctally the males, iu perfect 
bloom the year around. Market animals 
should be the mea-sure of a sire’s useful¬ 
ness in transmitting fleshing qualities. 
He (the sire) is the machine, the calves 
pi’odnct. and the machine 
in good repair and vigor, 
apt to destroy a breeding 
One cannot make a 
poor one by merely 
\urlIi(niiji1oii <‘u., J\i.. Farmers and Their Lire Ftoc, 
should be the 
must be kept 
Flesh is vei-y 
animal’s usefulness, 
good sire out of a 
feeding him up; neither can you ruin a 
good sire b.v limiting his flesh and main¬ 
taining him iu poor condition—that is, if 
you operate within reasonable boundar¬ 
ies. 
2. The market milk distributed in Phil¬ 
adelphia and New York is supplied large¬ 
ly from graded herds, and it would be in- 
jiccurate to attempt to identify the amount 
furnished by representatives of the var¬ 
ious breeds. Most distributors mix the 
milk received from daiides within a given 
district in order that the quality of the 
milk may stau.dard frmi day to day. It 
jiles, $1 jier bu. Dairying is leadiug in¬ 
dustry. Oats, buckwheat and potatoes are 
looking be.'t I have seen iu a number of 
years, excepting some patches of potatoes 
are blighted. Corn is looking good and 
hay is average crop. ir. c. 
Otsego Co., N. Y. 
The leading products here are potatoes, 
oats and corn. Dairying and the poultry 
business are also carrio<l on, but only 
about half as much us formerly on ac¬ 
count of price of feed. (Jats, 94c per bu.; 
corn, $.*V60 per huudred; eggs, 44c; po¬ 
tatoes, $1.40 per bu. Potatoes, H»0 bu. 
per acre; oats, 30 bu. per acre; corn, 40 
bu. per acre; hay, one ton per acre, $15 
per ton. w. F. G, 
Broome Co., N. Y. 
Tlie farmers in this immediate .section 
raise milk principally and get Dairymen’s 
T.eague prices for wholesale. They retail 
it for lOe per quart. Apples sold last 
Winter fiu- $4 to $6 per bid. f’ows 
(mileb) bring $125 to .$200 at auction. 
Corn is backward; about the usual 
amount planted. Grain is excellent, being 
well filled with good-sized grains. Not so 
many potatoes planted, but they look very 
good. Eggs are bringing 50c at the stoi-es. 
Broilers are worth about 70e per lb.; 
very few sold at that price. I’oaeh buds 
were winter-killed so that we shall have 
no peaches to sell. Raspberries bring 
about 12c per small basket. Strawberries 
brought as high as 20e per quart. Piars 
six weeks old sold for from $7 to $10 
apiece. The hay crop is very short. 
Orange Co., N. Y. c. F, S. 
This is chiefly a dairy section. Pome 
potatoes are raised for market, also eggs 
and pork as a side line. Our milk goes 
to a Limburg factory and we sell by tlm 
cheese market; will receive around $2 
per cwt. for the milk at the present price 
on the T’tica market. 23%c per lb. TIk 
potato acreage is about one-third less 
than a year ago. Growers are not very 
enthusiastic about them; lost money Iasi 
year. Eggs are SSc to 40c at the local 
/ 
and near this city- and lias been voicing 
.sentiments hostile to the Fnited States. 
Tsahella Feder, vice-president and man¬ 
ager of the Acme Equipment Company, 
and Michael I’olsky, a manufacturer, were 
found guilty Aug 36 iu the United State.s 
District Court in Brooklyn of conspiracy 
to defraud the government. They were 
charg(‘d with attemiiting to bribe govern¬ 
ment inspectors to pass defective barrack 
bags, bliss Feder had contracts to supply 
barrack bags at 9 cents each and sublet 
them to manufacturers at a price of S 
cents a bag. 
Aug. 17 100 men belonging to the I. W. 
W., on trial iu Chicago chargial with at¬ 
tempts to hinder the United States iu its 
war activities, were found guilty after a 
long trial. Among them was W. D. Hay¬ 
ward, long a prominent figure iu their 
propagamla. 
Ilalf a dozen men were arrested Ang. 
16 iu Brooklyn iu connection with the 
disappearance of $200,000 worth of auto¬ 
mobile supplies and other goods from ex¬ 
press comiianies. Benjamin Friedman 
and Walter Cash, drivi-rs for Wells. Far¬ 
go «& Co., are accused of idling goods on 
their wagon, not propi'ily included iu 
their load, and unloading them at the 
garage of John Bedson, in Brooklyn. 
_ A public auction was held under the 
direction of the Alien I’roperty Custodian 
Aug. 26 to dispose of 1,057.000 pounds of 
devitalized wheat gluten which was seized 
on route to a neutral country for delivery 
iu Germany'. The germinating power of 
the wheat has been destroyed, but it can 
be used as a wheat substitute and 
making of food extracts because 
proteid contents. 
WASHINGTON.—Tlie United States 
and Great Britain have joined in diplo¬ 
matic representations to the blexican Gov¬ 
ernment agaiu.st the oil land decrees of 
I’resident Carranza, which, it is con¬ 
tended, amount practically to confiscation., 
bleanwhile the American and English oil 
couipanic.i have' united iu an agreement 
to refuse to meet the terms of the dc- 
in the 
of its 
'Vngust 31, 191s 
crocs, which, they contend, would take 
the properties from them, and have agreed 
among themselves to depend upon their 
governments for protection of their in- 
intere.sts. The Allies need this year 
430,000.000 barrels of crude oil. for which 
they depend entirely upon the United 
State.s. The United States can produce 
not over 315.000.000 barrels. The blexi- 
can fields can supply 1.30.000.000 barrels. 
All the oil in Mexico is owned by Ameri¬ 
can and British companies. Under the 
latest decree blexico attempts to make oil 
the property of the nation, blexican pe¬ 
troleum then would become a nationall.v 
owned contraband and as such might not 
bo sold by a neutral country to a belli¬ 
gerent under international law. To en¬ 
dow petroleum with that character and 
prevent shipment of it to the Allies are 
said to be the purposes of German propa¬ 
ganda in bloxico. 
FARbI AND GARDEN.—A meeting 
of the New York State Beaji Growers’ 
Coriperative Association will be held at 
Fillmore. Allegany Co.. N. Y.. Ang. ,33. 
Allegany County is rapidly coming to the 
front in bean growing. 
Iu the six niontlis from the 3st of Feb¬ 
ruary to the 3st of August tlie Employ¬ 
ment Service of tlie Department of T.abor 
directed to actual employment on the 
Nation’s farms a total of 106..8G0 perma- 
i:eut farm workers. 
Exports of beef from the L’nited States 
during the mouth of .Tune totaled 92.- 
3 7.3.000 pounds, of which 95 per cent 
went to the T'^nited Kingdom, France, 
England and Belgium. The monthly 
average of lioef exports for the three years 
preceding the war was 3.066.000 pounds. 
Pork exports for yune totaled 369.3.31.000 
l>ouiids. of which .8.3..5 per cent went to 
tlie four allies. The average moiithl.v ex- 
Iiortatioiis of pork for the three years 
uroceding (he war wore 43..533.,567 pounds. 
'I'ho amount of pork products receivod in 
England has enahleil that country to lift 
tlie restrictions on the consumption of 
bacon. 
3’he total production of wheat iu France 
tills year is estimated at 50.000.000 quin¬ 
tals (18.3,500.000 bushels), being an in¬ 
crease of 25 per cent (.36,700.000 hnsiiels) 
over last year’s crop. 
J'he Agricultural Advisory Committee 
has recomnioiided to the I’resident that 
the goverunieiit wheat guarantee to the 
farmer he increased on the 3010 crop to 
!^2.46. 3’hls advance will he necessary, 
the committee states, to stimulate inaxi- 
uimu production. It is not known what 
view the President will take of the jiro- 
liosal, hut it can he safely predicted that 
iioth the food admiiii.stration and the De¬ 
partment of Agriculture will oppose the 
increase. No action on the matter is 
likely until Food Administrator Hoover 
returns from Europe. _ In recommending 
the advance, the Agi’icnltural Advisory 
Committee deviated from its position of 
a few mouths ago, when, despite the agi¬ 
tation in Congress for .$2..50 wheat, the 
committee maintained that the present 
price was ado(|uatc. 
General importation of fresli fruits aud 
vegetables from Cuba is permitti'd under 
a ruling announced Auar. 16 by the War 
3'rade Board. The Board had lieen allow¬ 
ing the importation of fresh fruits and 
vegetables from Cuba without an indi¬ 
vidual import license, if shijiped by rail 
and car ferry from Havana, or if shipiied 
on certain vessels approved hv the 'N'Par 
Trade Board. 
Increased freight rates on corn, oats, 
ryo and barley, granted by Director Gen¬ 
eral blcAdoo in his 25 per cent advance 
order of .Tune 25 last, were attacked Aug. 
3 7 by the National Council of Farmers’ 
Cooperative Associations, iu a ooiiiplaiut 
filed with the Interstate Commerce Com¬ 
mission asking that the old rates he re¬ 
established. Director General blcAdoo 
and all railroads under Federal control 
are named defendants in the complaint. 
Live Stock Sales 
Sept. 1—Guernseys and .Jerseys. Con¬ 
signment sale, at Cuba Fair, Cuba. N. Y. 
Sept. 2—Ilolsteins. Beimiuger’s con¬ 
signment sale, Hatfield. Pa. 
Sept. 6—Holsteins. Backus Tiros, coii- 
signmeut sale, at Watertown, N. Y. 
Sept. It—Holsteins. Consignment sale, 
at Cuba Fair, Cuba. N. Y. 
Sept. 12—Ayrshires. Consignment sale, 
at Cuba Fair, Cuba. N. Y. 
Oct. 18-19—Holsteins. National Dairy¬ 
men’s sale, Columbus, O. 
Coming Farmers’ Meetings 
Vermont State Horticultnral Society, 
orchard meeting, Bristol and bliddlebury, 
Vt., Aug. 29. 
blichigan State Fair, Detroit, blich., 
Aug. .30-Sept, 8. 
State Bean Growers’ Co-operative 
Association, Fillmore. N. Y., Aug. 33. 
Nebraska State Fair,. IJncolu. Sept. 1-6. 
Connecticut State Fair, Hartford. Sept. 
2 - 6 . 
Indiana State Fair, Indianapolis, Sept. 
2-7. 
blinnesota State Fair, St. Paul. Sept. 
2-7. 
National Association of Gardener.s. an¬ 
nual convention, Cleveland, Ohio, Sept. 
24-26. 
Trenton Fair, Trenton, N. .T., Sept. 30- 
Oct. 1-4. 
National Dairy Show, Colmnhus 
Oct. 30-39. 
Internationa] blilk Dealers’ ciinviiti'in. 
Colmnhus. Ohio. Oct. 34-3.5, 
National Ice Gr.'am blamifact iirers’ 
couvoiitioD, Cohnnlms, Ohio, Oct. 17-18, 
Oiiif 
im. 
