rtKt of hard ivadding that fits the barrel loosely. Vnehecked by friction or muxzle choke.Jt ts blovin through 
the shot cluster, scatterint; the shot charge. Actual test target, ’3! gellets out of 431 or 51 o of the. shot charge 
t oa. of chilled) inside a 30-in. circle at 40 yds 
Effect of weak wadding torn to shreds by the gat blast. The separate pieces are blown into the shot cluster, scattering 
the pellets in all directions, ff'ith no resistance to the explosion, the pressure is low and penetration poor. Actual test 
target ITh pellets out of 431 nr 41% of the shot charge (iM o*. of \'o. ili chilled) tntide a 30-in. circle at 46 yds 
“the IVinchester system of wadding. The wadding expands evenly, sealing in the gas blast all the way to the 
muxxle. where it is checked by the “choke" or constriction. Shot cluster travels on ahead unbroken. Actual less 
target, 330 pellets out of 431, or 74 % of the shot charge (l]/i ox. of lYi chilled) inside a 30-in. circle at 40 yds 
Effect of wadding construction on shot patterns 
Poor wadding responsible for more faulty patterns and 
lost birds than all other gun and shell troubles combined 
A strong uniform shot pattern de¬ 
pends upon how perfectly the ‘wadding 
ito your shells controls the five-ton gas 
bfest behind it. 
The wadding, like the piston head of 
a gas engine, must give the explosion 
something solid to work against so that 
the shot may be pushed out evenly. 
It must expand and fill the tube of 
the barrel, completely sealing in the gas 
behind it. No gas must escape to scat¬ 
ter the shot. 
It must offer just the right amount of 
resistance so as to develop uniform pres¬ 
sure and high velocity without danger 
vf jamming the pellets out of shape at 
the “choke"’ or muzzle constriction. 
The illustrations at the top of this 
page show actual test patterns as high as 
599^' faulty, the result of poor wadding. 
The Winchester system 
JVinchester wadding is the result 'of 
repeated experiments to determine the 
most efficient control of the gas blast. 
The special construction of the Base 
'fVad gives what is known as Progressive 
Cvmhuiiion to the powder charge. 
Combustion spreads Instantly 
through the powtfer charge. By the 
time the top grains of powder become 
ignited the full energy of the burning 
powder behind is at work. Though 
the explosion is almost instantaneous, 
it is none the less Progressive^ the final 
energy and maximum velocity of the 
completely burned powder being de¬ 
veloped at the muzzle^ where it is most 
needed. 
Meanwhile, under the heat of com¬ 
bustion, the tough, springy, Winchester 
Driving Wad has expanded to fill the 
barrel snugly all around. No gas es- ^ 
capes. It is completely sealed in. The 
wadding pushes up the shot evenly. 
At the muzzle the shot pellets slip 
out without jamming, while the wadding 
is checked for a brief interval by the 
constriction of the muzzle. It follows 
some distance behind the shot pattern. 
The shot cluster travels on unbroken 
by gas blast or wadding and makes 
the hard hitting, uniform pattern for 
which Winchester shot shells are world 
famous. 
Fish Tail Flash All Winchester smoke¬ 
less shells are made with the new Winchester 
Primer—the quickest and most powerful shot 
shell primer made. Its broad fish tail flash 
gives even and thorough ignition. Every grain 
of powder is completely burned up before the 
shot charge leaves the muzzle. 
The Crimp The required degree of press¬ 
ure necessary m seating the driving wads is 
worked out in combination with the hardness 
or the softness of the crimping required for any 
particular shell. 
Water-proofing and Lubrication . In the 
cold, damp air of the marshes, or under the blaz¬ 
ing sun at the traps, Winchester shells will al¬ 
ways play true. Winchester water-proofing 
process prevents them frorn swelling from 
dampness. Special lubrication of the paper 
fibres prevents brittleness and “splitting” in dry 
weather. 
Uniform Shells From primer to crimpi 
Winchester shells are constructed to insure the 
maximum pattern possible from any load and 
under all conditions. $100,000 is spent annu¬ 
ally in the inspection and testing of finished 
shot shells. 25,000,000 rounds of ammuni¬ 
tion are fired every year in testing guns and 
ammunition. 
Glean hits and more of them 
To insure more hits and cleaner hits in the 
field or at the traps, be sure your shells are 
Winchester Leader and Repeater for Smoke¬ 
less; Nublack and New Rival for Black Pow¬ 
der. Write for our Free Booklet^ on Shells. 
Winchester Repeating Arms Co., Dept. 
G -11 New Haven, Conn., U. S. A. 
wiMcmsTm 
}Vorld Standard Guns and Ammunition 
