RURAL NEW-YORKER 
1113 
WilHamMon P?an of Corn Growing 
Recently I yon of the William¬ 
son plan of Hoot'i ' '.ir-'niia. pUmtiiig coi-n 
down in the fir'-- > a- w out as¬ 
paragus, and gradually working to corn 
with a small one-horse six-disk cutter. 
When the corn is, say. about two feet 
high, we chop it out for about SO cents 
per acre. Wlien the corn is about 2% 
to three feet high, it being in a depres¬ 
sion, we have children to throw cow peas 
between the hills in the row. To cover 
the iiea seed without using a plow that 
would cut any roots, we haul the dirt 
from One side of alley and this covers 
the seed and makes a marked improve¬ 
ment in the corn at a cost of about GO 
cents per acre. The idea is to get pea 
seed secure as soon as possible. Again, 
when we lay by the corn, we try to keep 
ns much grass as possible on the spike- 
tooth harrow so as not to let the harrow 
teeth run too deep, ju-^t to brush the 
ground like a broom. The next thing we 
do is to take a planter and drill in about 
one-half bushel of peas in the center of 
the alleys. So we have two chances to 
get up peas, and if we get up both we 
soon have the grouiuT covered by Fall 
with very heavy growth. When we make 
first planting between the hills we also 
drop two velvet bean seeds between the 
corn. I prefer the Chinese velvet, which 
is a .seed entirely dilTerent from all the 
other velvet beans, being shaped like a 
good-sized Tama l>ean. Wo arc farming 
in sight of old I<’ort Sumter. We had the 
titles to jjart of this farm grant from 
Iving William to Earl of Craven. 1GS2. 
South Carolina. ii. b. g. 
Fruit Growers at N, Y. Experiment Station 
Pakt III. 
I*i{UNlXG.--In pimning a one-year-old 
tree, remove the branches and cut back 
the remaining whip to the height desired. 
If the tree is two years old. as is usually 
the case w’ith all fruits excepting the 
peach, or when the one-year-old plants 
have been set a year, the real wf>rk of 
shaping the tree may be begun. Shall 
the tree be lojv or high-headedV T’sually 
the choice should bt* for a low'-headed 
tree, for .a low-headed tree is more easily 
sprayed and pruned; the fruit is more 
readily thinned and harvested ; crop and 
tree less subject to injury by wind ; the 
top is more (juickly formed ; the trunk is 
less liable to injury by sun-scald or 
winter-killing; and the low’-headed ti'e<‘ 
bears fruit cpiicker. Ry “low-headed” is 
meant a distance from earth to the first 
limb of fi'oin one to three feet. Tht' i)eaeh 
nuiy b(* headed at the lower distance, the 
plum, pear and cherry somewhat higher, 
while the apple should api)ro:Kji the 
upper limit. 
Typks of Tbke. —Th(‘se are the vase 
form or open-ceut.c'red tree*. :ind the glob'' 
or close-centered tree. In the fiisl the 
framewoi'k of the tr('(' consists of a short 
trunk surmounted by four or ti\‘e main 
branches a.scending obli'iuely. In the 
clo.se-centei’cd tree tin' trunk is continued 
above tin' first whorl of briuiches, forming 
the center of the tree. '^I'here ar(' sevc’-al 
modifications of each of these. Whatever 
the form, care should be taken thiit the 
lowest branches are longest, so that the 
greatest i)Ossible leaf-surface will be ex- 
jKised to the sun and light that <doso 
crotches and closely ov<'rl:ipping branches 
be avoided. 
SiiAi'i.XG Fkttit Tuicf.s — Just how 
much to prune young trees dejs'iids upon 
the fruit, the variety, tin' .soil and the 
climate. If trees are originally well se¬ 
lected, all that is needed is to remove an 
occasional branch which starts out in the 
wrong place, and to take out dead, in¬ 
jured or cro.ssing limbs. Weak, sickly 
trees, or those making long, willowy 
growth may require somewhat more s('- 
vere pruning. W('ak-growing varieties 
may always be pruned heavily; strong¬ 
growing kinds lightly. Varieties which 
branch freely need little pruning; those 
having unbranching limbs should be 
pruned closely. Rich, deep soils favor 
growth ; prune trees in such soils lightly. 
In shallow', poor soil trees produce short 
shoots; cut the wood clo.sely. When trees 
hav(' a spreading. di'OOi)ing or long, .slen¬ 
der habit of growth, prune to buds that 
jMiint upward or to the centc'r of the 
plant. If it be upright and dense, cut 
to lower or outer buds and so spread 
th(' compact top. The “off year” h.abit of 
heai-ing is intensified by si)asmodic and 
severe pruning. Prune biennial bearers 
lightly and yearly. The experiment may 
be tried of pruning only before the fruit¬ 
ing sea.son as a means of correcting over¬ 
bearing and alternate bearing, faults 
which usually go together. The heads of 
all young trees may be left fairly <lense, 
for When the trees come in bearing the 
weiglit of the crop opens the head 
Patxtt.vg Wottnps. — Wounds over 
three or four inches in diameter seldom 
heal and decay sets in. caused by wood- 
destroying fungi, and these, with tin* ac¬ 
tion of the weather, are followed b.v rot¬ 
ten wood, a hollow branch and a diseased 
tree'. The cut should be made close to 
rhe trunk so as not to leave a ])rojecting 
'tub. A coating of lead paint protects 
he cut surface h'om moisture, but it is 
:i waste of-time to paint wounds le.ss than 
three inches in diameter. Experiments at 
this station prove that, on the apple, 
wounds heal more (piickly if not painted. 
C’oi.p Stokage of Applks. —Chemical 
cold storage is regarded as the best 
method of keeping apple.s, and the state¬ 
ment is made that “.so far as large com¬ 
mercial operati('ns are concerned, ice 
storage is a thing of the past.” A gen¬ 
eral principle can be detected running 
through and guiding practice in general. 
It is that varieties that keep long and 
go down slowly are held at about SI de¬ 
grees to ,‘12 degrees, while earlier ripening 
varieties and those that do not keep so 
welt are held one or two degrees higher; 
that is. at 2.‘> degrees or 34 degrees. It is 
found that the earlier apples do not go 
down so quickly after coming out of stor¬ 
age if they are held at the higher tem¬ 
perature. Also fruit of a more open tex¬ 
ture, as Twenty Ounce, freezes at a 
higlu'r temi)erature than more solid va¬ 
rieties like Baldwin. One man makes a 
practice of keeping large fruit one de¬ 
gree higher than medium-sized fruit of 
the same variety. 
Fkrtti.izf.ks for Strawbf.rrie.s. —There 
is but little danger of too much plant 
food in the soil. To secure maximum 
yields there must be an iibundance of 
readily available food. Well-rotted ma¬ 
nure thoroughly worked into the soil is 
one of the best fertilizers. Coarse manure 
will give good results if turned under 
early enough to become well d<'Comi)0.sed 
in time to supply the needs of the ])lants. 
Such material is valuable becau.se of its 
humus which improves the physical con¬ 
dition of the soil and also its ability to 
withstand drought. The absence of hu¬ 
mus often accounts for low yields, espe¬ 
cially in dry .seasons. Fresh stable 
manure may occasionally be the means of 
introducing weed seeds into the soil. Ap¬ 
plications of from 18 to 20 tons of man'ure 
per acre are none too heavy and they may 
often be increa.sed with advantage. It is 
at times advantjigeous to use commercial 
fertilizers. The kind and amount to u.se. 
th(' time and m:inner of applic.-ition <le- 
f)end on conditions. Soils may lack nitro¬ 
gen. I'otash or phosphoric acid. Two to 
thre(' hundi‘('d pounds i)er acia' of nitrate 
of soda or .“OO to (‘>00 ix'unds of dried 
blood will stimulatt' growth. Potash m!\y 
be supplied by wood ashes, 2.000 pounds 
per aert', or by two or thret' hundred 
l)Ounds muri.-ite of i)otash. Six to seven 
hundred j>ounds p«'r acre of acid phos¬ 
phate will siijiply any lack of phosi)horic 
acid. Other fertilizers might be named. 
If tin' soil is alr('ady well sunjirnd with 
any one of these forms of plant food it 
is useless to make additional apiilications 
of that kind. 
Winter In.ii ry of (Irafevines. —Ex¬ 
cess wat('r in the tissues Ix'iiig corre¬ 
lated with immaturity during l.-iti' Sum¬ 
mer and eiirly Fall it is ol)vious thiit 
lu-iictices tending to reduce the aviiibible 
supply are desirable. I'oor drainage de¬ 
termines the injury in the nmjority of 
cases. iMany vineyards are growing on 
soils that should ni'ver hiive been i>binted 
to giaiiies, at h'iist until under-drainage 
hiitl been installed. Such iis thi'se will 
lu'ver be immuiu' to low ti'inperiiture in- 
11 uences. There is iihviiys the prosiiect of 
I'.eiivy losses from low temperatures. It 
is the custoniiiry jiractice to discontinue 
all vineyard cultivation in late .Inly or 
early .\ugust. The time, howi'ver. should 
be conditioned upon the character of the 
weather, I'speciiilly iis to the Tiiinfall. 
.Vfter di.scontinuance, iill weeds should be 
iillowed to grow, iind it is a doubtful 
jiractice to mow these just before the be¬ 
ginning of harvi'sting as is (piite gen¬ 
erally done. The mulch iirovided by the 
mown weeds at this period conservi's .soil 
moisture, a thing that should be avoided. 
AV. II. .T. 
Haul your produce 
to the best market 
A Republic Motor Truck makes it possible for you to deliver what¬ 
ever you have to sell to the 6esl market. 
You are not limited to the markets which lie within a six or seven 
mile radius of your farm. Many farmers are hauling their produce 
with Republics, twenty miles, forty miles and even further. They go 
where they can get the best prices and make the trip quickly and 
economically. 
Republic Motor Trucks will make money for any farmer if given 
the opportunity. They combine every feature necessary or desirable 
for farm use. 
The Internal Gear Drive delivers more power than any other form 
of drive. It permits the use of a separate load carrying axle of solid 
forged steel—the lightest and strongest axle known to engineers. It 
gives 45% greater road clearance, preventing stalling in mud or snow. 
There is less unsprung weight which means big savings in gasoline, 
tires and all upkeep expense. 
Republic Trucks are easy-riding and easy 
to drive and care for. And there are seven 
models from ton to 5 ton capacity so 
that you can select just the truck needed 
on your farm. 
Republic Trucks are built by the largest 
manufacturers of motor trucks in the world 
who build nothing but trucks and know 
just what is required for every'kind of 
hauling. Last year more than twice as 
many Republics were produced and sold as 
any other make. 
1300 Service Stations, distributed all over 
the United States, insure prompt efficient 
service no matter where you may be located. 
See the nearest Republic dealer and write 
us for latest booklet. 
RepubSic Motor Truck Co., Inc. 
Alma, Michigan 
The Internal Gear 
Drive delivers 92% 
of the motor power 
to the wheels. We 
know of no other 
drive that delivers 
as much. 
REPUBUG 
Internal Gear Drive 
MOTOR tk.xjck:s 
Built by the Largest Manufacturers of Motor Trucks in the World 
Curing Tobacco 
How long will it take to sweat tobacco 
iifter put in Ininds and itib'd on barn 
floor, covered over with Itlankt'ts, then 
loaded down with corn fodder, (’an any- 
tbiii'r be put in to llttvor it diiriiiR swetit- 
ing time"? G. s. 
Ohio. 
The probability is that if the tobacco 
was bulked as described, in a cold build¬ 
ing. it would lie there without much 
change until next Summer’s heat Avarmed 
it ui» sufficiently to ferment and would not 
lie finished until the late Summer of 
Barn-cured tobacco in this section is 
packed in cases and juit in lofts, where 
it lies without much change until the 
early Summer heat starts fermentation. 
It ferments .slowly and is sanqih'd for 
sale in the early Fall. Nothing should be 
done to change the flavor of the tobacco 
during sweating time, by the use of flavor¬ 
ing extracts of any kind. K. ii. J. 
Trapping Woodchneks 
Concerning woodchucks, steel traps and 
beans, tell Mr. Cosgrove to set four traps 
at the entrance to each hole, and he will 
get a trap on each leg, viz., four traps, 
and that will hold him. I know from 
very trying experience, having been 
through the chuck mill. As the first trap 
goes off. he will fly around until he gets 
one on each leg. s. T. R. 
Connecticut. 
Capacitjc 
About 
. 2 Bu. 
^Per Hr. 
|f Ship- 
r ping 
Weight 
About 
40 Lbs. 
A Year 
To Pay 
FREE 
Book of Farm 
Necessities 
Show8 wonder¬ 
ful bargains in 
cream separa¬ 
tors, drills, cul¬ 
tivators, saw 
frames, circu¬ 
lar saws, feed 
cookers.in- 
cubators, 
brooders, 
paints.roo: 
ing,etc. Write 
for eopy. 
Nothing 
Vntil 60 Days 
Send no money—just mail coupon—and we will send 
you this strong, durable Majestic Hand Feed Grinder 
for Table Meal and Poultry Feed, for 30 days' free 
use. If you decide to keep it, make first small pay¬ 
ment in CO days and take a full year to pay. If not 
satisfactory, return it in 30 days at our expense and 
we will pay freight charges both ways. 
M AJ ESTIC mS M A 
HAND FEED VrIIICICH 
Fcr Table Meal (All Grains) and Poultry Feed 
/ 
only coupon—no money-we will / 
ship the grinder on the 30 days' free trial—and give you a year / 
to pay if you keep it. No fairer offer ever made. Send now. 
If you doti’t order grinder send post card for big Free Catalog. / 
The Hartman Co., DeitiaicMcngo 
Kas special universal grinding plates which are 
guickly and easily adjusted for line or coarse grind¬ 
ing. Burrs made of 
.ri^diy tested and / ^HE HARTMAN CO. 
inspected. Gnnes / 4019 LaSalle Street 
from oats bar'Sr / ‘*«'‘** Chicago. III. 
corn wheat rye or / Send Feed Grinder Ho. 453TMAB9. 
any other ^n; / If satis/actory. I will pay $1.10 in 
same grains coarse / CO days. halance in 6 payments of 
and also dry bone, / |lil2 «ach every 60 days until price 
shells etc for t of $6.70 is paid in full. Ifnotsat- 
poultry. ’See cou- / Ssfactory, wUl return in 30 days and 
pon for price and ' • 
our liberal year-to-pay terms. / 
SEiVDTA ' 
you will pay freight both ways. 
Name . 
/ Nearest shipping t>oint. 
