i 
Octobor 12, Iftiv 
1154 
belt or roach the linns to wliom I lie inilk is coii- 
sijrnod, as the tnn-k makes dirt'ot delivery instead 
of nnloadin.!' at sonn* central ])oint. All of these 
d(‘alers hny fi’oni the same farmers ns hefore, so 
Avith them lln're is no change, the truck company 
haviny: nofhimr to do with sellinj; or ’mrehase. 
]u:i,l VKUIXC Till-: load—T o deliver to some 
d(«x,en diffennit dealers, <?ach in a different part of 
the city, makes much travelin^r, and jiives one a 
L,ood id(>a of the different ways diff'erent linns have 
of hamllins; the same ju-oduct. These city “deixits” 
nin Ihi’uui-di the jjjamnt of conditions, from the very 
onestionalih' from a sanitai-y stand)ioint to ]Hisi- 
livcly ideal conditions in every seeminj^ ]>ossihility. 
< MK' dei»ot was in tin; rear of a tiinihle-down lirocery, 
which was its ndail distrihntin;' jilace, and so much 
so that the In'alth office Inul onhoasl it ahandoned 
I hat very day. All milk sold hy these; dealers has 
to !)<> )»asieurized and bottled hy the most sanitary 
mcihods. hut the wa,v it is done is far from nnifonn 
lhrou. 2 h tin; city, the difference heini? diu‘ to coii- 
dilions, imdhods, and aitparatns, and the jicrsonal 
eeiualion. S<ime of tin* smaller stations were as neat 
as wax. some* Avonld ne(*d both tire' and supcjiieate'e! 
ste.am to purify. If a farmer slionld :illow his 
slabh's to fall into the' cenielition of one' or two Ave; 
saw tlnit day. he' wemlel be e'xe-lnde'd fi'om the mar- 
ke't and lei.se* his sale eef milk cntii-ely. laiter e»n 
thin^is leAoke'd bette'r. .-ind co<elin,i; rooms. ■ acr.-itors 
and jiaste'nri/e'i's were' of the' be'st. 'Pheu avc drove 
inte) the e-oni-tyard eef an immense' live'-steery In-ie-k 
block. Avhe're' Avith e've'ry mode'rn aiipli.-ince ye't in- 
Ae'ntcd in the advanceel me'thoels e)f haiidlinir milk. 
.'i.deiP !0-(pmrt Ciins e»f milk are Avoi-ke'd into diffcre'iit 
channels eef demaml, the outside eiAvnershi]* e)f fac- 
t(»ries.. e're'Jiine'rie's. milk-.iiathe'ring siidions. lie'iim^ 
numbei-eel by the' se-ore. and enpiloyinij men by the; 
ImndreMi and ceijiital in millions. 
(JKDCKUS’ lelSTItTDFTIXti SYSTFAI.—As AVe; 
nieeA’G fT'e)ni enie' jeoint to another Ave' tinel that 
••our" true-k is nett the only 'Oie that has the 
last plan of inovinj; milk to e-etnserve exitense' 
and lime' . X<iav ami the-n othe'i- ,;;re'at milk trucks 
Avere me't, some briiifiin.i; hufie; loads of milk fi-etni 
the railAvay te'rininals ttj the' e'e'ntrjil modil.Ainec ])lant. 
as Avell as Intrse-i'o'vei- eh'live'rie's. thouerh many 
are' neiAv ••|'’orele'rate'd" irue-ks. The'U Ave pass by a 
brick structure' be'inj;' e've'e'te'd by the; Asseicijite'd 
nrocews’ Ce). fetr a cemtral milk ]>lant. a cetmpiiny of 
setme 150 retail .irreH'e'ryme'u etf the e-ity. who are; 
buildin.u: this structure'. Avhie-h Avith its apiiai'atus 
Avill ce)st possibly .$75,000. :iml Avill e'stiiblish milk 
statiems at tlu'ir st'trees and retail milk Irom the'in, 
.■IS Ave'll as e-arry etut milk to e-ustomers Avith the'ir 
mornin.i' delivery. These nu'n have' the'ir milk pur- 
e-ha se'd ill the country for Oct. 1 eh'livc'ry. and se'iid 
out e-e)lle'(;tln^^ trucks for it and in adv.-nice a.in-e'o to 
pay the •■Protee-tive' Assex-iation" lirices and pay 
e'ach 15 days, ami all Avithout ri'fere'm-e' tei Avhat the; 
trust may "Avanf’ to pay. Tlu'ii more trucks e-oniin;: 
in from the e-ountry biiyiipj: stations and here and 
the'i-e a trolh'.v milk e-ar ele'liA'e'rini; milk that had 
e-oine' in from as far as 40 mile's aA\ay. 
AlA'AXTAOLS AXD POSSTlULriTl-IS.—The'ii 
more' st re'e't.s, more stations, and the' le>ad Ke'ts li.ithte'r. 
blit as bulky; for e'ae-h e-an eif milk de'live'rcd a ste'.-un- 
se-aldeel ('inpty is put em to ,iro bae-k in the meirnin;; 
te) the; farnu'r. Y’hat time is it. 11- A. INI..-' the; 
truck has maele a re)Und trip eif lifty miles, brou.tiht 
ill ami eh'livere'el SO e-ans of milk, and Avas an hour 
in aelvane-e of the milk that e-aiiie on tiie train that 
toeik its milk from the starting point of the truck 
route'. Put Avill the true-k cemtiiiue to lie a com- 
jx-titor Avith the train? That Avill de'peml seuiu'what 
.'ll the' Winte'i- roads. This true-k has the advantage 
of p.-iAe-el roaels, but has l.ake; l-.rie; ami all the 
Ave'.-ithe'r this side of ^le'ilicine Hat to cenite'iid Avith. 
Its aelvantage' is the e-edh'ctiou eif milk freun the 
farms and the delivery at the e-ity buyer's eleeor at 
a trille less expc'nse. This partie-ular truck is ,sexm 
to have a leiael of eive-r 100 e-ans, and out e)f this •'^liO 
for fre'ight comes the' gasoline, oil. wi'ar and tear 
ami elrive'i-’s pay. Will the venture' prove a goexl 
inve'stmeiit Avith this .$4,000 true-k? This re'inains te) 
be see'U, but e'vieleiitly the milk true-k has cenm; to 
sta.A', as ine-reasing numbers indie-att', and runmrs eif 
me>re to folhiAV. Every day sees the city tnu-ks 
e-etine out farther ami farther em e.ur fast extending 
pave'd roads, and e;very elay se'e'S Avieler demamls for 
more A.-iriety of ]»rexlucts and less margin betAveeii 
farm and e-ity ]»rices. For them, and in this alone 
the farmer has gre'ut cause to Avish for the success 
of ne)t only the milk true-k, but in-exluce trucks of all 
kinds, ami soon the larger feirmers Avill be eiAvning 
large' true-ks and doing their own .supply of the e-ity 
uiarke'ts. J-O. 
Ohio. 
RURAL NEW-YORKER 
A Homemade Tractor Cultivator 
I SEXI) you photographs of a tractor-cultivator T 
have made m.A’.self. I liaA'e elone all my cultivat¬ 
ing Avith it this ye'ar, and it did 1ii-st-class Avork in 
every Avay. T liaA-e it fitted Avith e'ight teeth, and it 
Avill ]mll them threuigh almost any .soil that is fit to 
(iiltivate; in fact, its imlling ]X)Ave'r fe>r its size :inel 
Aveight is inarA’clous. I have a treiiler 1 maele for the 
big tractor te) carry hai-re)Avs, se'e'el. ete-., te) the field, 
and, by. hitching this to the little tr.-ictor, I have 
taken 1,0d<) peiunels OA'er seune ])retty rough grenind. 
I had ne) trouble at all to imll a lO-toot Imrsy hay- 
rake Avith it. 
The engiiu' I iiseel is a single cylimler t.-eken freun 
an old .-lutomeebih'. It ha.s :i. heavy balance AAheel, 
.S'b/c I'icn; of Ifoineinadc Tracior (Utlllvolor. Fit/, dili 
and is adniii'etbly aelapteil to the AVork te) Avhieh 1 
b.-ive' luit it. It is e-euit reillcd ley :i governor, :iml e-.-\n 
bo reguhiteel fen- ;iny spe;e‘d from euie ami eine-half to 
foui‘ miles an Ineui-. The; ti-ansmissieni I made; nj) 
myse'lf fi-om jeai-ts e.f seve'r.-il mae-hine's, .-ind emly one 
leve-r is use'el for the' foi-AV.-ird neeitral and l-eve-rse'. 
Tile' drive' AA’lu'e'ls are' moAA'e'r Avlu'e'ls, AA'ith no othe'r 
(-h'.-its but those; originally on the'in. The traction 
eMUild be im-re'ase'd by putting em be'tte'r cleats. 
'Fhe front Avhe'ols are guiele'd in the' usual manner. 
The re'Jir Avhe'i'ls are titte'el Avith ste'ering knuckh's, 
and are guide'd with the fe'e't by nu'ans of a cross 
lever; a e;oil sprin.g is use'el te; kee'p the'in in line'. ’’J'o 
eipe'rate' this machine is easie'i- tlniii it lirst aiijie'.-irs. 
A slight lu-e'ssure em the cross lever Avith either foot 
Front View of JloincniiuJc Trnctor Cfnltivnlor. 
Fit/. oi)d 
Avill shift the rear eml ami te'etli to ri.ght eir h'ft. as 
eiesired, ami the instant the; i)re;ssure; is rt'lease'el the 
sprin.g Avill bring the Avhe'e'ls back in plae-e. It is ea.sy 
to line the machine up on the row, ami it AAill culti¬ 
vate most anything that is not narroAver than 21 
inches. 
T IniA-e lie'cn three yi'ars perfe'cting this machine', 
ami have Avorkeel emt seune hard iirobh'ins. I have; 
be'e'ii studying tractors for a nuinlier eif years, and 
have oAvneel and eipi'rateel one for the past tAVo .sea¬ 
sons, ami 1 luiA'C learneel from exiierience and other- 
Avise that the makers of farm tractors have bet'ii 
short e)f jiractical kiioAvh'dge. w. e. FLicntY. 
lte)cklanel (’<)., X. Y. 
Sei.AiH farmers te'll of juitring nianui-e' on e-love'i- and 
lilanting corn. Tlx' cro|) of stalks Avas goeiel. but the 
ears eliel not suit. Too mm-li nitreigeu and not e-noiigh 
liliospliorous. I’bo.sphate; Avould have paid better than 
man lire. 
Silage and Sour Soil 
Is it a fae-t that manure' from .silage'-fod .steAck is le-.ss 
Aahiable than Avhe're; elry roughage; is use'el? I am tohl 
that many farmers in XeAv Y.u-k State have eli.se'ontinne'il 
their .silos, as afti'r a number ))f ye'ars manure from 
silage .so .soured their laml that tlmy e-ouhl iie> longer 
groAV their corn. I Aveuibl have' elismisse'el the idea at 
emce', but my ne'ighbeir last Spring oiA-ereel a fe'AV roels of 
lanel Avith sixiih'el silage; freun the; Ixetteem e)f his .sile; 
where last ye'ar ceii-ii .stoexl nine; or Id feet high, and 
corn now on .same gi-euind is about three; to feuir feet 
high anil looks sii-k. I .-im .inst juitting up my se'conel 
IdxMl-foot .silo, e'xpe'cting to till it shortly, ami I Avant 
to know. n. k. av. 
Fast .Tordan, Mich. 
G O right ahe'ail ami till the; silo. It Avill .give' the' 
most ocoiKunie-al foixl you can make from the' 
ceArnliclel. 'Phere; is no truth in the; i-e'jioi-t that “many 
farmers in Xewv York are; elise-oiitinuing the'ir silos." 
On the other haml. many mwA' silos have bi'e'ii built 
thi.s year, ami more will folloAV. Xor is it true' that 
manure from silage has maele the laml too .sour to 
groAA' corn. The fact is that most varietie's of <-oi-n 
ell) Ix'st on a sli.ghtl.A' ae-iil soil. 'Pin; manure' from 
fee'ding sik-ige is not aciil, though the silage' itself 
might be'. I'uring the ju-ocesse's eif ilige'stion the; or- 
.ganic a<-iils. sue-h as those in silage', are broki'ii up 
ami maele over. othe'i-Avise the; e-oAv eauibl not prop- 
e-rly eligest her foexl. .V te'st of sue-h manure avouIiI 
show little; if an.v more ae-iel than in manure maele' 
from b.a.A' or elry conist.-ilks. 
'I'he sil.-ige itself is .sour, and avc can ri'adil.v see' 
lioAV siire'.-iding the' silo Avaste right em the gremml 
a.ml iiloAving it in woubl give a bail e'ffect. P.ut, as 
Ave e'xiilain almve'. the' Avaste; sila.ge; ri.ght from the' 
silo is A'e'i-.A’ ellfl'e're'iit from gooel sila.ge' iiiaeU; into 
manure b.v the coav. If your neighbor had iiloAve'el 
iiitiler gre'cn saAvelmst ho Avoulel have had inm-li the' 
same re'sult. yet that same saAvelu.st. theiroiighly reit- 
le'el or burneel to ashes. Avoulel IniA'e jiroeluceel .goexl 
e orii. It is true that em some soils the; continueel use' 
of manure or green ci-eijis iiloAveel under Avith no linii' 
or chemic.-ils aehh'd Avill fail. That is, the crops Avill 
groAA' smaller ami the lanel Avill fail to resiioml. The' 
most coiiiimm explanation for this e-ondition is to say 
the lanel has be'cn maele; sour b.v the manure I 'Phe' 
re'al trouble is th.-it the iiianure', .su|)])l.vin.g consider¬ 
able nitrogen, has forceel tin; seiil to .give; up large' 
liuaiitities of lime and idiosphorus. as ik'av supiilie's of 
the.si; Avere not juit bae-k, the available lime is lost 
and, e)f course;, the laml groAvs .sour. The available' 
phosjihorus is also exhausted. The reimeely is imt to 
stop feeding silage*, b^it to u.se limesteme; ami bone or 
acid ])hosphate ami thus give the neeeled lime ami 
ldios])hovus. 
Statistics of the Brewing Business 
Will you te'll us lioAV iiuu-li grain and e,)tlie'r mate'ri.-ils 
are' irsoel in tlx* bre-Aving biisiix'.ss, ami Iioav many work- 
ine'ii are; e'ligage'd in luuielliiig the; liipior traffic? ei. n. 
T he T'niteel State's Census for IfflO reports the 
folloAving; PreAvers and maltsters. J.s.oTff; di..;- 
tilh'rs ami rectitii'r.s, 5.744; bartenders, 101,254; 
saloonkt'e'pcrs, 84.07(5. As to materials use'el in brcAv- 
ing, the Commissioner of Internal Kevenue sends ns 
the; feilloAving. 
Figiu-e.s for 
able: 
M.-eli'i-lal Mini 
.Tiilv 1. 1014, 
T’llil elf 
to 
ejiiaiiliiy 
.Tixii' .30. 191.3 
‘^■M.ilt. bn. .. 
02.001.85(5 
1 lo|)s, lbs. . .. 
.•!N.S50.20 t 
11 ice', }i)S. 
107,750,177 
Corn or e-e*- 
realiiii', lbs. 
0(H,800,001 
Cr.-iiie sug.-ir 
or niiiltose'. 
lbs. 
52.070.021 
(1 1 n c o s 1 * III- 
s y r 11 11 , 
gals. 
7.18.5..505 
Crir.'-, lbs.... 
110.010.510 
Other mate'- 
rials, bn... 
481.041 
Othe'i- mate'- 
rials, gals. 
O.O.'IO 
(.>ther mail'- 
rials, lbs.. 
08.SS0.,550 
Total, a 1 1 
items, estinnit- 
ed, lbs. i 
5,274.201,'.>21 : 
P e e r p )• o - 
ilnceil, l)l)ls. 
of 51 gals.. 
50,808.210 
1018 arc not 
yet avail- 
.Tiilj- 1, 1915, 
to 
.FIXX' ao. 1911! 
57.085.070 
57.451.010 
141.240.202 
M 11 I.V 1 , 1911!, 
to 
•luiU' .30. 1917 
07,031.577 
41.0.58,75:; 
125 , 0 : 12,200 
050.745.705 
000,401,010 
.54.051,021 
o:5,215,(50s 
2.742.854 
100.;571.482 
0,.5.57,200 
10.5,205,04(1 
72.555 
l.S0,4.5(; 
10.112 
10,(5.50 
24,750.074 
17,575,80;: 
1,004,754,500 .5 
.477,.5-2(5,::::(' 
58,055,(524 
(50,720,.500 
‘■■'Phis malt Avas oquivale'iit to about 57.2t).5..'>25 bush¬ 
els of barley in li)14-l!»15. 52,4.50,075 bushels in 1015- 
lOlO, and ()1.755.070 bushels in the year 101(5-1017. 
"Other materials” in 1015 iuc-luele 150,85.5 bushels eff 
barley, .555.050 bushels of luaizons, and smaller ejuauti- 
ties of meal, frumentum. malt extract, salt, moss, isin¬ 
glass, ete*. -‘Other materials” in 101(5 ami 1017 include' 
about the* same list eif cenuiuoelities, but amount in all 
to a relatively small total. 55)e; various re'peirted units 
Avere; reduced to pounds b.v the feilloAviug eepiivaleuts: 1 
bushel df malt e*epmls .‘54 ixmnds: 1 bushel of e'orn. 
cerealine. maizous, or grits e'liuals 5(5 pounds *, 1 gallon 
of glucose or of •‘other materials” equals 8 pouuels; 1 
bushel e)f barley eipials 48 jxniuds; 1 bushel of miscel¬ 
laneous materials equals 40 jiounds. 
t Figures in this column are subject to revision. 
