1165 
RURAL NEW.rORKER 
RURALISMS 
Paeony Wilt 
Can you tell me what to do for my 
naeonies? They were set out last Fall 
and looked very good this Spring, but 
later began to get limp-looking; some 
of them like wilt. Soil was sand ; so fot 
some from the woods, leaf mold, added 
rotted manure and pieces of bone. 
Elnora, N. T. M. w. P. 
A light sandy soil is not congenial to 
paeonies. which prefer a deep rich loam, 
but lighter soils are improved by trench¬ 
ing in well-rotted manure before the plants 
are set. Well-rotted cow manure is gen¬ 
erally preferred. The fact that your 
plants get “limp looking” and wilt, points 
to the disease known as botrytis wilt, 
which is sometimes very troublesome. It 
is said to be most prevalent where raw 
manure is used. The only control meth¬ 
ods we know are to avoid green manure, 
and to cut and burn any affected leaves 
and stalks. A spraying with Bordeaux 
mixture is advised when the plants first 
come up in the Spring. The disease ap¬ 
pears on the stems quite early in growth, 
the wilt and falling over resulting later. 
The buds are often affected with rot also. 
Treatment of Datura 
I have in my back yard 86 Datura 
plants on which I have used sheep manure 
as a fertilizer and also have used manure 
water, which produces a fine rich foliage, 
but does not make flowers. Can you tell 
me what fertilizer I should use to make 
flowers? 
Brooklyn, N. Y. 
A number of Daturas are grown as or¬ 
namental plants, some annu.als, some 
shrubby perennials, but the inquirer does 
not give the variety. Forms of D. fastuosa, 
commonly called D. cornucopia, a-e quite 
commonly grown; they are half-hardy an¬ 
nuals having huge trumpet-shaped flowers. 
This plant revels in hot wea'^her and 
tropical conditions. The early Summer 
had been cool, and therefore uncongenial, 
and the plants had apparently been fer¬ 
tilized heavily, producing a luxurious fol¬ 
iage growth. We would not give further 
fertility, but see that the plants have suf¬ 
ficient moisture and root room. If the 
weather continued warm there should be 
no lack of bloom. 
Aster Wilt; Cabbage Worms 
1 For two years many of our aster 
plants have been killed by something, 
whether a disease or insect we cannot dis¬ 
cover A dark sort of dry rot appears 
along the stem, and works in and also 
extends up and down the stem, causing 
the plant to lop over and die. ^ We ca^nnot 
find anv insects, except occasionaly black 
ants Can vou tell me what to do for 
this? 2. What is good to kill the cabbage 
worms? .lust now the hutterflies are 
thick, and the worms starting in to eat. 
Spencer, Mass. MRS. c. f p. 
1. The symptoms described are those of 
wilt, stem rot or fusariose, a disease now 
affecting asters in many localities. It is 
the most important disease now affecting 
the China aster, and is known to occur in 
Massachusetts. It is not easy to control 
this trouble. It chiefly affects plants 
started under glass; asters sown in the 
open ground do not seem to be affected. 
It is said that the original infection oc¬ 
curs in the seed bed. Conditions that 
favor damping off of the seedlings seem 
to induce the disease; when started under 
glass they should be sown thinly, and 
given abundant ventilation. Soil that is 
infected should not be used in green¬ 
house'benches. hotbeds or frames. Trans¬ 
planting and blooming periods are most 
susceptible to the disease. We would use 
a new location for the asters next year, 
so as to avoid infected soil. We do not 
know whether purchased plants have been 
used or whether they have been grown 
by the inquirer, but we would try sowing 
in the open, or, if early plants are a 
necessity, would seek uninfected stock. 
2. If the cabbages are not heading, 
kerosene emulsion may be used. An ar- 
.senic spray is also advised; four or five 
pounds of arsenic to 50 gallons of water, 
with soap added as a sticker, to prevent 
the spray from running off. While it 
would not be wise to use the arsenic after 
heading begins, good authorities recom¬ 
mend it when the cabbage is young. Hel¬ 
lebore, dusted on the foliage^ is quite ef¬ 
ficient. With a small patch of cabbage 
hand picking of the worms will be found 
useful. 
.. . . 
... . 
How the packer is saving 
millions out of waste 
— and how this results in higher cattle 
prices for the stockman 
The development of by-prod¬ 
ucts out of waste means a saving 
of about one hundred and fifty 
million dollars annually—a 
sum sufficient to keep New 
York's six million people supplied 
with meat for six months. 
T here was a time when the steer was handled 
solely for its edible meat, its hide, and its tallow. 
The remainder of the animal, in weight totaling 
many millions of pounds annually, was thrown 
away—a sheer waste. 
Today virtually all of this former waste is utilized. 
Over 250 articles are now contributed by the steer 
to human needs, and a larger proportion of the 
animal is saved for human food. 
At the time of writing $135 is, on the average, 
the price paid for the average beef animal to the 
stockman by Swift & Company. 
But if the old order of waste still prevailed and only 
the hide and tallow were saved. Swift & Company 
would be obliged either to pay not more than $125 
to the stockman, or to charge the public higher 
meat prices. 
Thus, you see, by-product utilization results in a 
saving of about $10 per animal—a saving which, 
when multipliedby the total number of cattle dressed 
annually by Swift & Company, over two million, 
amounts to more than twenty million dollars 
annually. This saving goes to the stockman in 
higher cattle prices and to the consumer in lower 
meat prices. 
If applied to the entire number of cattle dressed 
annually in America, approximately fifteen million, 
this saving would amount to about one hundred 
and fifty million dollars annually. 
The real development of by-products came with 
the development of the larger packing organizations. 
Success was attained not easily, but by patient 
effort,-by exhaustive experiment, by intense speci^- 
ization. It has been a big job and has called for big 
methods—a job far beyond the resources of the old, 
unorganized system of local meat dressing. 
Not only are the by-products saved but their 
value has been increased through better handling 
of hides, fats, and other edible portions of the steer. 
Swift & Company is glad to have had a part in 
this development. It is an achievement of thrift— 
an achievement that has made possible today lower 
meat prices to the consumer and higher prices to 
the producer of cattle than would have been pos¬ 
sible under the old methods. 
Swift & Company, U. S. A. 
A nation-wide organization owned by more than 22,000 stockholders 
......... 
... 
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