•Ufte RURAL NEW'-YORKER 
1309 
More Year 
per gallon, from cheap Guarantee 
kerosene than from high-priced gas¬ 
oline. Easy to start In any weather. 
Prompt 
Shlp- 
moflts 
OTTAWA 
90 Days 
Trial 
Kerosene Engines 
Save big money on price and half on fuel. 
For all outdoor and indoor work. Thous¬ 
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from VAH-Pto 22II-P Complete" 
mounted saw rigs or saw frames 
separate, suitable for mounting 
on your own trucks. 
ITivaa Easy to understand—Ex- 
plains all you want to know 
about engines. Write for Present Low Prices. 
OTTAWA MFG. CO.. 690 King St^ 
Ottawa. Kansas ^ 
kelly duplex 
One of the Easiest Running Mills Made 
Grinds ear corn, shelled corn, oats, 
wheat, barley, rye. kaffir corn, 
cotton seed, corn in shucks, 
alfalta, sheaf oats, or any 
kind of grain. Bagger has a 
double spout attached to 
either side of mill. We 
furnish extra hopper for 
grinding small grain and 
ear corn at the same time. 
Made with double set 
of grinders or burrs. 
Have a grinding surface ol 
just double that of mosi 
mills of equal size, there* 
fore, do twice as much work. Requires 26% less power. 
Especially adapted for gasoline engines. We make 7 sizes. 
WVife for Free Catalog. 
DUPLEX MILL & MFG. CO., Box 320, Springfield, Ohio 
Your cnance is in Canad?’. Rich lands nnd 
business opportunities offer you independence. 
Farm lands ?11 to $30 an acre; irrigated lands 
$3.'i to $50. Twenty years to pay; $2,000 loan 
in improvements, or ready-made farms. Loan 
of livestock. Taxes average under twenty 
cents an acre; no taxes on improvements, per¬ 
sonal property or livestock. Good markets, 
churches, schools, roads, telephones. Excel¬ 
lent climate—crops and livestock prove it. 
Special homeseekers’ fare certificates. Write 
for free booklets. Allan Cameron, General 
Superintendent Land Branch, Canadian Pa¬ 
cific Railway, 519 Ninth Avenue. Calgary, 
Alberta. 
The Threshing Problem 
Threshes cowpeas and soy beans 
from the mown vines, wheat, oats, 
rye and barley. A perfect combina¬ 
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have been looking for for 20 years.” W. F. Massey. 
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KOGER PEA A BEAN THRESHER CO., 
Morristown. Tenn. 
ROOFING 
From BroAvn 
My Oirtcl Frmn Fieltry, FreiyM Piid prices 
oaves you money on all ReadyRoofing. 
Qaalit) HightsI—Prieei Lowest. Write for 
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ROWN FENCE & WIRE COMPANY 
Dept. P CLEVELAND, OHIO 
MAPLE SYRUP MAKERS! 
With The GRIMM Evaporator 
fou will bet‘ 
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time. Made in 23 
liflferent sizes. 
Write for catalogue and 
Grimm Manufacturing Co., 
324 Champlain Ave.. N. W.. Cleveland. O. 
Save Auto Repair Bills 
“ The Trouble Department ” of the AUTOMOBILE DEAD 
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WELL WELL 
Own a machine of your own. Cash or easy 
terms. Many styles and sizes for all purnoses. 
IVrife for Circular 
WILUAMS BROS., 432 W. State St. Ithaca, N. T. 
Two Excellent Vegetable Books 
By R. L.. Watts 
Vegetable Gardening ..... $1.75 
i Vegetable Forcing.2.00 
! Clearly written, practical, convenient for 
1 reference, covering outdoor and green¬ 
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The Rural New-Yorker 
" 333 W. 30th St., New York 
Determining Engine’s Horse Power 
I would like to know how to figure out 
the rated horsepower ou a single cylinder 
gasoline engine. How is this done? 
Peunsylvanii}. ^ > C« A. L. 
The power developed by any internal 
combustion motor depends upon so many 
variable factors and their relation to each 
other that it is practically impossible to 
construct a formula that will give accu¬ 
rate results in all cases. The best that 
any formula can do is to take care of the 
chief of these factors and assume that the 
others are uniform. The most important 
of these factors are, of course, the cubical 
contents of the cylinder, determined by 
the bore and stroke, or “cylinder displace¬ 
ment,” as it is called, the speed of the en¬ 
gine or the number of revolutions made 
per minute, and the number of cylinders 
in use. These are of first importance be¬ 
cause they^ determine the quantity of gas 
that can be mixed ivith air, compressed, 
ignited and expanded in any given min¬ 
ute, and as this expanding gas is the 
source of power their consideration comes 
first. 
Other factors of less importance, but 
still influencing largely the amount of 
available power that may be recovered 
from the expanding gas are, kind of fuel 
used, pressure to which compression is 
carried, atmospheric condition ; in connec¬ 
tion with this probably everyone has no¬ 
ticed the increased power and “pep” that 
a motor has shown under certain weather 
conditions. The condition and size of the 
valves, the form of the combustion space, 
the typo and intensity of the spark em¬ 
ployed. tlie governing system and the tim¬ 
ing of the valves and spark are other 
things that tend to increase or reduce 
the power output of an engine according 
to whether they are right or wrong.. The 
last named is a very important item and 
must be closely w.ntched and regulated to 
secure maximum power. With these ex¬ 
amples of power influencing factors se¬ 
lected from many others it is easily seen 
why no formula can be relied upon for 
accurate results under all eases. The 
rule given below, however, takes into con¬ 
sideration the bore, stroke, revolutions 
per minute and the number of cylinders, 
or in other words, the “cylinder displace¬ 
ment.” and is based on the assumption 
that from l.'l.OOO to 15.000 cubic inches 
cylinder displacement are necessary for a 
horsepower. 
First find the cubical contents of the 
cylinder by multiplying the diameter of 
the cylinder or bore in inches by itself 
and this product by .7854 and this final 
product by the length of the stroke in 
inches. The contents of one cylinder ob- 
taiiK'd as above is then multiplied by the 
number of revolutions made per minute 
and the product so obtained by the num¬ 
ber of cylinders in use. 
This final product is then divided by 
from 1.3,000 to 15,000, as .iudgment seems 
to indicate, the quotient being the ap¬ 
proximate horsepower that the engine 
would deliver. The factors enumerated 
at the beginning of this reply are taken 
into consideration when determining the 
divisor to be used, an engine of good de¬ 
sign and in good condition taking the 
smaller one. while one having fewer of 
the desirable features would take the 
larger of the two. 
Stated in the form of a formula the rule 
becomes; 
X I* X .7854 X R X N 
--= horsepower 
13,000 to 15,000 
where D = diameter of cylinder in inches 
L = length of stroke in inches 
R = revolutions per minute 
N = number of cylinders. 
As stated in the paragraph above, a 
divisor between 13.000 and 15,000 suited 
to the condition of the engine may be 
chosen and for average conditions 14,000 
will be about right. 
The following case will show somewhat 
the degree of accuracy to expect: A sin¬ 
gle cylinder engine with a 4^^-incb bore 
and a (5-ineh stroke was tested by means 
of a prony brake—a reliable device show¬ 
ing the exact horsepower of the engine— 
:ind was found to be developing 3.42 
horsepower when running at 442 revolu¬ 
tions per minute. The engine was rated 
by the manufacturer as a three-horse¬ 
power machine when running at 450 rev¬ 
olutions per minute, the brake test show¬ 
ing it to be con.servatively rated. Taking 
the speed of this engine as 442 revolu¬ 
tions per minute and figuring the horse¬ 
power by the formula we w'ould have: 
No. 
Dia. Dia. Stk. R. per M. Cyls. 
4V> X 4% X .7854x 6 x 442 x 1 
14,000 
taking in this ease the average of the two 
divisors given. This gives ns a result of 
,3.03 plus horsepower, taearly one-lialf 
hor.sepower less than shown by the actual 
brake test, an error this time on the side 
of safety. With engines not so well de¬ 
signed or less carefully built , however, 
the error is quite likely to be on the other 
side, and if there is any doubt about the 
power-developing qualities of an engine 
it is best to test it for a length of time 
under a known load, for only under this 
condition can the actual power of the en¬ 
gine be determined, and, what is of more 
importance, the way it stands up under 
a continued full load. B. H. S. 
■Vi 
Spray Trees Now For 
San Jose Scale 
The dormant period—during the late fall, mild days in 
winter and early spring—is the proper time to spray trees 
for San Jose Scale, Oyster Shell Scale, Peach Leaf Curl 
and many other pests. 
Begin about two weeks after the leaves fall. Spray 
any time when weather is suitable until shortly before 
buds open in the spring. 
Make sure of doing the work thoroughly by using 
either B. T. S. or Lime Sulphur Solution. These two 
Orchard Brand spray materials are equally efficient for 
dormant period spraying, and can be relied upon to pro¬ 
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Brand Lime Sulphur is in liquid form, always of uniform 
strength, while B. T. S. has the advantage of being 
a dry product with less bulk, no leakage and is more 
easily handled. 
The best crop insurance is good spray materials. What 
to use in each case, how much, 
when and how to spray, how to 
•avoid injury to trees and shrub¬ 
bery—these are serious problems 
in spraying. Our Service Depart¬ 
ment is able and always ready to 
give reliable advice. We invite 
you to write us for any needed 
information. 
0 '^*ch^^v/ 
Brand^ 
Spray Materials 
A complete line of standard¬ 
ized Insecticides and Fungi¬ 
cides manufactured by the 
largest chemical company ia 
America. 
Genei*al Oiemte 
Insecticide Dept, 25 Broad St, NewYbrk^ 
Mnte (or Book 
T oday 
FARM WAGONS 
High or low wheels—steel or wood — wide 
or narrow tires. Steel or wood wheels to fit any 
running gear. Wagon parts of all kinds. Write 
today for free catalog illustrated in colors. 
ELECTRIC WHEEL CO.. 48 Elm Street. QuIncy. III. 
A Year 
To Pay 
Book of Farm 
Necessities 
Shows wonder¬ 
ful bargains in 
cream separa¬ 
tors, drills, cul¬ 
tivators, saw 
frames, circu¬ 
lar saws, feed 
cookers,in- 
cubators, 
brooders, w 
paints,roof^ 
ing,etc. Write 
for copy. — 
■ I only coupon—no money—we will 
ship the grinder on the 30 days’ free trial—and give you a year 
to pay if you keep it. No fairer offer ever made. Send now. 
If you don’t order grinder send post card for big.Free Catalog. / 
The Hartman Co., D^itzBocMcago 
Pay Nothing 
Until 60 Days 
Send no money—just mail coupon—and we will send 
you this strong, durable Majestic Hand Feed Grinder 
for Table Meal and Poultry Feed, for 30 days’ free 
use. If you decide to keep it, make first small pay¬ 
ment in 60 days and take a full year to pay. If not 
satisfactory, return it in 30 days at our expense and 
we will pay freight charges both ways. 
Keed Grinder 
For Table Meal (All Grains) and Poultry Feed 
Has special universal grinding plates which ara 
guickly and easily adjusted for fine or coarse grind¬ 
ing. Burrs made of • 
_ri^diy tested and . ^HE HARTMAN CO. 
inspected.. Grintto / 4019 LaSalle Street 
Dept. 1280 Chicago, III. 
fine table meal 
from oats, barley. 
Send I^ed Grinder M*. 453TMA^ 
any otner grain; , If satisfactory, I will pay $1.10 in 
same grains coarse / .®®4ays, balance in 6 payments of 
and also dry bone. / «fl2 ea<:h every 60 days until price 
shells, etef, for / , 
poultry. See cou- / 'JI ?? 
port for price and ' 
our liberal year-to-pay terms. j 
you will pay freight both ways. 
SEND^ 
/ 
Kame . 
/ 
Address. 
/ Nearest shipping point. 
When you write advertisers mention The R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a 
quick reply and a “square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
