1368 
F/ic RURAL NEW-YORKER 
December 7, 1918 
Live Stock Feeding Problems 
Rations for Cows and Hogs 
1. What grains should I feed my cows 
to cause them to produce milk? Their 
roughage consists of millet and clover hay. 
2. Is it injurious to milch cows to lie out 
of doors on frosty nights? 3. ^^^lat per¬ 
centage of fats, proteids, etc., constitute a 
balanced ration for a cow? 4. When hogs 
are getting all the skim-railk they can eat, 
do they require grain also? If so, what 
kind? M. S. 
New York. 
1. An exceUent grain ration for your 
cows is two parts wheat bran, one part 
oilmeal, one part cottonseed meal, one 
part cornmeal, one part ground oats and 
one part gluten feed. Add one pound 
coarse fine salt to each 100 pounds of feed, 
(live the cows all the hay they will clean 
up, at least three times a day, forenoon, 
ahernoon and evening. 
2. It is poor policy to leave cows out 
when it is too cold. If cows become un¬ 
comfortably cold, a shrink in milk flow 
results, like a cold spell in Winter. 
3. The composition of a balanced ration 
depends on the roughage available. For 
example, with clover or Alfalfa hay, the 
grain should contains less protein and 
more carbohydrates and fat material, 
while with mixed hay or Timothy, more 
protein and less carbohydrate material is 
requii-ed. As a general rule the grain 
ration should contain about 18 per cent 
protein, 50 per cent carbohydrates and 4.5 
per cent fat. This is the composition of a 
ration recently recommended for the 
Dairymen’s League in your State. The 
above grain ration recommended for your 
cows runs about 18 per cent protein, 45 
per cent carbohydrates and 4.5 per cent 
fat. 
4. A good mixtui’e for growing hogs 
that have plenty of skim-milk is 70 parts 
cornmeal and 30 to 40 parts middlings, 
fed in a slop with the skim-milk. If hogs 
are up to fattening stage, corn on ear or. 
shelled is the feed to use besides the skim- 
Tuilk. n. F. .1. 
Feeding Home-grown Oats and Corn 
I have a large crop of oats and corn 
which I shall have ground for my dairy 
cows. What is the best feed to buy to 
mix with the ground oats; also to mix 
with the ground oats and corn? w. A. n. 
Connecticut. 
While you do not state the available 
roughage, I assume that it is mixed hay 
and silage, or mixed hay and corn stover. 
If this is the case, most of your pur¬ 
chased grain should be of a high protein 
nature. To mix with three parts ground 
oats, use two parts cottonseed meal, one 
part oilmeal and one part wheat mid¬ 
dlings, if available; if not, see if you can¬ 
not get some cocoanut, peanut or velvet 
bean meal. With a ration of three parts 
oats and two parts cornmeal, use two 
parts cottonseed meal, one part oilmeal 
and one part gluten feed, or, better yet, 
two parts of either of the above men¬ 
tioned meals. Add one pound of salt to 
each 100 pounds of feed in mixing it up. 
H. F. J. 
Stringy Milk 
Our cows give stringy milk, not the 
milk so much as the cream, after it has 
stood over night. I>ast Spring we had 
the same trouble, and now it has begun 
again. I thought perhaps it might be 
something they have eaten from the pas¬ 
ture ; they are in the same pasture year 
after year. What is the cause? 
New Y^ork. c. n. p. 
It is quite certain that the stringy 
milk is not cansed by anything the cow 
has eaten Unless it is noticed that the 
milk is stringy when drawn from the 
udder the cow is probably not responsible. 
Little information is at hand as to the 
causes of the development of the stringy 
condition in milk, except that it is known 
that certain types of bacteria which get 
into milk from^ the utensils which may 
be unsterile may cause the trouble. Try 
the experiment of boiling a quart fruit 
jar and cover for 10 minutes or so. Take 
the sterile jar to the barn at milking time 
and after carefully cleaning the udder 
fill the jar with milk by drawing some 
from each quarter. Put cover on the jar 
and set in water to cool and see if string¬ 
iness develops. If it does develop the cow 
must be to blame, and a dose of a nound 
of epsom salts may help. I believe you 
will find, however, that a more thorough 
scalding of all utensils that come in con¬ 
tact with the milk will overcome the 
trouble. , H. S’, j. 
Dairy Ration Without Silage 
Could you balance a dairy ration from 
the following feeds: Ground oats, corn, 
gluten and oilmeal? I have no silo, but 
have all the cornstalks the cows will eat. 
The hay is a mixture of clover and Tim¬ 
othy. A, S. M. 
Pennsylvania. 
Get the cow to clean up all the rough- 
age possible. Give them hay morning, 
afternoon and evening, with a feed of 
cornstalks in the middle of the day, or 
give them hay in the middle of the day 
and cornstalks in the evening. Cows will 
cat more if they are fed oftener what they 
will clean up than if given too much to 
nose over. Make the grain ration two 
parts ground oats, 1% parts gluten feed 
and IYj parts oilmeal. Add a pound of 
coarse fine salt to each 100 pounds of 
feed. Feed grain at the rate of one pound 
to each to four pounds of milk pro¬ 
duced daily. h.Y. J. 
Dairy Feed With Poor Roughage; Fatten¬ 
ing Pigs 
1. What mash shall I feed my .Jersey 
cow with oat straw, corn fodder and hay? 
2. What shall I feed pig to be fattened 
and killed in about six weeks? I have 
skim-milk and corn on hand. AV. Ar. 
New York. 
1. Your roughage is low in protein, and 
hence your grain ration must supply this 
nutrient. Use two parts bran or ground 
oats, two parts cottonseed meal, one part 
gluten feed and one-half part linseed oil¬ 
meal. Add one pound coarse fine salt to 
each 100 pounds of feed. 
2. You are well fixed for hog feed. Give 
what skim-milk you have and feed all the 
shelled or ear corn the hog will clean up. 
Corn is king for fattening hogs, and you 
cannot give them too much as long as they 
clean up what is put before them. u. F. J. 
Value of Cider Apples 
What is the feeding value of cider ap¬ 
ples? They are selling here for 30 cents 
per bushel at the station. Grain costs me 
as follows: Cornmeal, about $3.20 per 
hundredweight: oil meal, ,$3.10; cotton¬ 
seed meal, $3.25; gluten feed, $3.15; bran, 
$2.15. Would I better feed my cider 
apples or sell them and buy grain? 
Massachusetts. J. d. 
Apples are about 40 per cent as valu¬ 
able as silage for dairy cows. I believe 
a bushel of apples will weigh about 48 
pounds. With silage at $6 per ton. 48 
pounds would be worth 14.4 cents. Forty 
per cent of this would make the apples 
worth 5.76 cents. By all means sell the 
apples at 30 cents per bushel. They are 
a poor feed for dairy cows, except when 
given in small quantities as an appetizer. 
If you have only mixed hay for roughage, 
make a grain ration two parts bran, one 
part gluten, two parts cottonseed meal, 
one part oil meal and one-half part corn¬ 
meal. Add one pound coarse fine salt 
for each 100 pounds of feed when making 
up ration. H, F. j. 
^Ration for Jerseys 
Will you give me a ration for my Jer¬ 
seys? I have mixed hay (no clover) and 
oats cut when in the milk for roughage. 
Would like to use beet pulp if it can be 
had. If not, what can I substitute? What 
is your experience with this oat hay? I 
am told it is not good for cows, as they 
cannot digest it properly. Cows relish it. 
New Jersey. f. t. e. 
Oat hay cut when oats are in milk is 
fine for dairy cows. If field peas are 
sown with it at rate of two bushels oats 
and one of peas to the acre the resulting 
hay is better yet. Feed your cows two 
feeds of hay and one of oats daily, or vice 
versa, depending on amount on hand. If 
you can get beet pulp fairly reasonable, 
feed two pounds per head per day. If 
number of cows is not so large as to 
make it too great a task, soak the pulp in 
three times its weight of warm water. 
If this is too great a chore, mix it in with 
the grain ration, which should be two 
parts bran or ground oats, one part lin¬ 
seed. oil meal, one part gluten feed, one 
part middlings and one part cottonseed 
meal. Add one pound of coarse fine salt 
to each 100 pounds of feed. h. f. j. 
Ration for Thin Cow 
Will you give me a good dairy ration 
for grade Holstein cows? We have to 
buy all our grain. The hay we have on 
hand is not the very best cow hay. Yv"e 
have silage. The cows are very thin and 
give a poor flow of milk. ii. t. 
New York. 
Feed 30 to 40 pounds of silage per head 
per day and all the hay the cows will 
clean up. Since cows are in thin condi¬ 
tion it may be well to put some fattening 
feed into the grain ration to a greater ex¬ 
tent than would be advisable if cows Avere 
in better condition. Use two parts bran 
or ground oate, one part cornmeal, one 
part linseed oil meal and two parts cot¬ 
tonseed meal. Add a pound of salt to 
each 100 pounds of feed when making up 
ration. Feed a pound of grain to three 
and one-half pounds, or thereabouts, of 
milk produced daily. h. f. j. 
A SOLITARY sportsman, his gnu under 
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small boy going to school. “I say, my 
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eagerness: “Aye, there’s the skulemaister 
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Home. 
Mrs. Jinks : “My husband was a con¬ 
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“Well, that’s what I’ve got .”—Melbourne 
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