258 
Picida:.—Woodpeckers. 
111. Ficus villosus , (Linn.), var. harrisi, Aud.—Harris’s Woodpecker. 
The Harris’s woodpecker is a more or less common summer resident of the mountains 
throughout Southern California, finding its home chiefly among the pine-forests. 
Xo. 
Sex. 
Locality. 
Date. 
Collector. 
317 
552 
cf jun. 
cf ad. 
Fort Tejon Cal ... ........ 
Aug. 8 
H. W. Henshaw. 
Xear Mount Whitney, Cal. 
Oct. 11 
Do. 
112. Ficuspubescens, (Linn.), var. gairdneri, Aud.—Gairdner’s Woodpecker. 
The disproportion existing in the number of this bird in the interior region, as 
compared with the preceding species, is not observable in California, at least to any¬ 
thing like the same extent. In Northern California, Cooper appears to have found it 
not uncommon, and a similar experience was had by us the past season in the region 
south of San Francisco. In distribution it is not so boreal as the Harris’s Woodpecker, 
and coincident with this difference we do not find it among the high mountains in 
California, save occasionally, but with the Nuttall’s it resorts to the low districts, and 
frequents, to a great extent, the deciduous timber, especially the oaks. 
Xo. 
Sex. 
Locality. 
t 
Date. 
Collector. 
126 
cf jun. 
Santa Barbara, Cal . 
July 28 
H. W. Henshaw. 
138 
9 ad. 
.do... 
Juno 29 
Do. 
204 
? jun- 
.do. 
J uly 6 
Do. 
574 
$ jun. 
Xear Kernville, Cal. 
Oct. 16 
Do. 
689 
cf ad. 
Walker’s Basin, Cal. 
Xov. 10 
Do. 
736 
Q 
.do. 
113. Ficus nuttalli, Gambel.—Nuttall’s Woodpecker. 
Picus nutalli, Gambel, Pr. A. X. Sc., i, 1843,259 (Los Angeles, Cal.).-Woodh., Sitgr. Exp. Znni 
& Col. River, 1854 (California).—Xevcb., P. R. R. Rep., vi, 1857, 89.—Bd., B. X. A., 1858, 93.— 
Xantus, Proc. Phila. Acad. Xat. Sci, 1859,190.—Coop., B. Cal., i, 1870, 378.—Bd., B., and R., X. 
A. B., 11,1874,521. 
Picus scolaris var. nutalli , Cones, Key X. A. B., 1872, 193.—Xelson, Proc. Bost. Soc. Xat. Hist., 
vol. xvii, 1875, 362 (California). 
From the F. scolaris of the southern interior region and Mexico this bird appears 
sufficiently distinct. Though in general the two resemble each other, the points of 
discrepancy are yet sufficiently tangible and are not found to intergrade. The relation¬ 
ship of the P. var. lucasanus of Cape Saint Lucas seems to be with scolaris , and is, I 
think, to be considered with that bird as distinct from nuttalli. Considerable differ¬ 
ences exist, I think, in the habits of scolaris and nuttalli, though in birds like the Wood¬ 
peckers, where general family characteristics are to be seen in every species, it is not 
easy to emphasize these in such manner as to make them very apparent to others, 
though they may be evident enough in the field. 
The notes, especially as I have heard them, differ totally in character. Those of sco¬ 
laris are quite like the usual ones of the well-known pubescens. No such similarity can 
be traced in the nuttalli. The usual notes of this species consist of a series of loud, 
rattling notes, much prolonged, and can be compared with no other Woodpecker with 
which I am acquainted. 
This Woodpecker is a bird particularly of the oak-groves, and ranges from the lower 
valleys up into the mountains to a height of at least 6,000 feet, where, near Fort Tejon, 
I found it fairly numerous among the pines; this being the only locality where I found 
it among the conifers. P. scolaris, on the other hand, inhabits the low, hot valleys of 
the interior, being most partial to the mesquite-thickets. It is never, I believe, at 
least in Arizona, found in the mountains nor among the pines, and rarely among the 
oaks, and though I have frequently seen it in places where it would easily have found 
the surroundings if so minded. 
The Nuttall’s Woodpecker is pretty strictly confined to California, barely reaching 
into Oregon on the north, and limited in range eastward by the western slope of the 
Sierras. It appears to be most numerous in the valleys of the Coast range, though I 
found it quite common at Fort Tejon, aud in October secured specimens at Kernville. 
