— 0 — 
(8) PARUS ASTER, L. 
(HIGARA.) (EASTERN COLE-TIT.) 
Rasseres.—Paridae. 
WHERE FOUND. 
It is found throughout Japan and comes to the plains in the autumn. 
CHARACTERISTICS. 
The male and female are alike in the color of plumage. It has a low voice 
and feeds mostly upon insects, though it is omnivorous. 
UTILITY. 
It is a beneficial bird of farms and is sometimes domesticated. 
(9) PARUS MINOR, T. & S. 
(SHIJUKAKA.) (MANCHUKIAN GREAT-TIT.) 
Passeres.—Paridae. 
WHERE FOUND. 
It lives everywhere in Japan and comes to the plains in the autumn. 
CHARACTERISTICS. 
It resembles the preceeding species in character, but the voice is a little 
louder and its nature is stupid. 
UTILITY. 
It belongs to the group of the beneficial birds of forests and farms. 
(10) PARUS VARIUS, T. & S. 
(YAMAGAEA.) (JAPANESE TIT.) 
Passeres.—Paridae. 
WHERE FOUND. 
This species is found only in Japan. It breeds in mountains and comes to 
the plains from the beginning of the autumn. 
