RAMPHASTOS ERYTHRORHYNCHUS, Gmel. 
Red-billed Toucan. 
Specific Character. 
Oomph, rostro rubro ; culmine luteo; genis, gutture, pectoreque, albis lutescenti-tinctis; tectri- 
cibus caudce superioribus flavis. 
Crown of the head, back, wings, abdomen and tail black; throat and breast white, with a faint 
wash of straw-colour pervading the latter, and bounded below by a crescent of fine deep 
scarlet; upper tail-coverts sulphur-yellow; under tail-coverts deep scarlet; bill rich crimson- 
red on the sides, bounded posteriorly by a transverse band, which as well as the edges of 
both mandibles and the point of the lower is deep black ; culmen yellow, becoming of a 
pale horn-colour at the tip ; across the base of the bill a broad band, which on the upper 
mandible is yellow, and on the under rich bluish lead-colour, the two colours blending 
into each other at the edges of the mandibles; immediately at the base of the bill a strong 
line of black; orbits greenish blue, with a ring of bluish lilac around the eye; irides dark 
brown ; naked skin of the throat bluish green ; above the orbits at the base of the upper 
mandible a small patch of white feathers; feet blue, with a lilac tinge on their under 
surface; nails black. 
Total length, 22 inches; bill, 6t ; wing, 9 ; tail, 6i ; tarsi, 2. 
Female. —Similar to the male in colour, but somewhat smaller in size. 
Toucan Surinamensis niger ex albo,Jlavo, et rubro mixtus, Petiv. Gazoph., t. 44. fig. 13. 
Oed-beaked Toucan, Eclw. Glean. Nat. Hist., p. 58. pi. 238.—Lath. Gen. Syn., vol.i. p.328. 
Oamphastos Tucanus, Linn. Syst. Nat. Edit. 10.—Borowski, Natur., tom. ii. p. 97- t. 6. 
Tucana Cayanensis gutture cdbo, Briss. Orn., 4to. tom. iv. p. 416. pi. xxxi. fig. 2, 8vo. tom. ii. 
p. 159. 
Oamphastos erytlirorhynclms, Gmel. Edit. Linn. Syst. Nat., tom. i. p. 355.—Wagl. Syst. Av. 
Oamphastos, sp. 2.—Vig. in Zool. Journ., vol. ii. p. 473.—Gould, Mon. of Ramph., 
pi. 3.—Less. Traite d’Orn., p. 170, Oamphastos, sp. 2. 
Toucan a gorge blanche, Buff. PI. Enl. 262.—lb. Hist, des Ois., tom. vii. p. 121. 
Oamphastos erythrorhynchos, Lath. Ind. Orn., vol. i. p. 136.—Gray and Mitch. Gen. of Birds, 
vol. ii. p. 403, Oamphastos, sp. 1. 
Oamphastos erythrorhyncos, Vieill. Ency. Mefli. Orn., Part III. p. 1429, Oamphastos, sp. 3. 
Le Tocan, Levaill. Hist. Nat. des Ois. cle Parad., tom. ii. p. 10. pi. 3. 
Le Tocan a collier jctune, Levaill. Ib., p. 13. pi. 4. (With the scarlet of the breast band and 
under tail-coverts abstracted, says Mr. John Natterer, by exposure to light, or the 
heat of an oven to which it had probably been subjected to destroy the insects that 
had attacked the skin.) 
j Red-billed Toucan, Lath. Gen. Hist., vol. ii. p. 285.—Shaw, Gen. Hist., vol. viii. p. 367. pi- 47. 
•—Ib. Nat. Misc., pi. 183. 
Oamphastos Levaillantii, Wagl. Syst. Av., Oamphastos, sp. 3.—Less. Traite d’Orn., p. 170, 
Oamphastos, sp. 3. 
This is one of the oldest known species of Toucan, a figure and description of it having been published by 
Petiver in 1709; it occurs among the drawings by Madame Merian, formerly in the possession of Sir Hans 
Sloane, and now in the British Museum (where it is represented nearly of the natural size, with a small 
bird between its mandibles) ; it is also figured by Edwards, Brisson and Borowski, and it is doubtless the 
bird to which Linnaeus, in the 10th Edition of his “ Systema Naturae,” assigned the specific appellation of 
Tucanus ; as, however, this term, or rather that of Ttcana, was applied by all the preceding writers in a 
generic rather than a specific sense, it becomes necessary to adopt that of erytlirorhynclms of Gmelin for the 
species here represented. The synonyms given above have all reference to the present bird. 
The richly ornamented and elegant Ramphastos erytlirorhynclms is very numerously distributed over the 
whole of the densely wooded fluviatile regions of the river Amazon, and Mr. John Natterer found it on 
