10 
INTRODUCTION. 
LeVaillant to three of the species figured in his “ Oiseaux de Paradis,” viz. Ramphastos Tocard, R. Azaree, 
and R. Bailloni. Mr. Svvainson made us acquainted with three additional species, Ramphastos ambiguus , 
Pteroglossus inscriptus, and Pt. sulcatus. Dr. Lichtenstein gave the names of Pteroglossus prasinus and 
Pt. maculirostris to two well-marked species. Dr. Latham did not add a single species to the group ; unless 
his Blue-eared Toucan, to which he gave no specific appellation, be identical with Aulacoramphus sulcatus. 
The Ramphastos Indicus of Miller’s “ Cimelia Physica” is doubtless meant to represent a Toucan; and if the 
colours of the under surface were transposed it would then more nearly resemble R. Toco than any other. 
Wagler, who gave a monograph of the group in his “ Systema Avium,” published in 1827, added the 
following species,— Ramphastos Cuvieri and Pteroglossus Remwardti, Langsdorffi and Humboldti. Subse¬ 
quently he published in Oken’s “ Isis ” the description of a fifth new species under the name of Pteroglossus 
Beauharnaisii. His Ramphastos Le Vaillantii is merely the description of the faded R. erythrorhynchus, 
figured by Le Vaillant on his fourth plate ; his Ramphastos callorhynchus is identical with the R. carinatus 
of Swainson ; his R. Forsterorum is taken from the fifth plate of Le Vaillant, which is said to be a represen¬ 
tation of a bird made up from R. Ariel and R. Cuvieri ; his R. erythrosoma cannot be identified with any 
known bird ; the characters were taken from Le Vaillant’s sixth plate representing a specimen which had 
probably been tampered with by the bird-mounter, a much to be reprehended, though not unfrequent 
practice ; lastly, his Pteroglossus Poeppigi is identical with his Pt. Beauharnaisii. 
Both Prince Charles Lucien Bonaparte and Mr. G. R. Gray consider the Ramphastos maximus of Cuvier 
to he identical with the R. erythrosoma of Wagler, which, as above stated, has been founded upon a 
made-up specimen. 
Mr. Vigors, who commenced a monograph of the family in the “Zoological Journal,” but did not live 
to complete it, named two others, Ramphastos Ariel and Pteroglossus bitorquatus. 
Mr. Fraser pointed out the characters which distinguish his Pteroglossus jffavirostris from the true 
Pt. Azarce for which I had mistaken it. 
During my absence in Australia Mr. Waterhouse described a fine new species as Pteroglossus nigri- 
rostris, the bird almost simultaneously receiving the appellation of Pt. melanorhynchus from the Messrs. 
Sturm of Nuremberg. 
M. Natterer, who has furnished us with so much valuable information respecting this group, named 
two new species Pteroglossus Gouldi and Pt. Sturmi. 
