22 
Dairy Ration with Pea Silage 
(Continued from i>age 1.8) 
pound of this grain mixture for every 3 
lbs. of milk produced daily. If the row 
is dry I would leave out the cottonseed 
meal entirely, replacing this concentrate 
in the mixture with 100 pounds of oil 
meal. A dry cow should be fed from 
seven to 10 pounds daily of this ration, 
depending largely upon her condition of 
flesh. In addition I would give them all 
of the corn silage that they will clean up 
once daily, as well as hay morning and 
evening. If the clover proves too laxative 
it would be well to feed the clover hay in 
the morning after the grain ration, and 
the hay at night after the grain feeding, 
letting'them consume liberally of the stalks 
during the middle of the day. I would not 
feed more than 15 lbs. of the pea silage 
once daily, and whether or not this is fed 
morning or evening would depend entirely 
upon which arrangement could be worked 
out to the best advantage. It should be fed 
as promptly as it is received from the pit, 
as freezing would depreciate its useful¬ 
ness and make it relatively dangerous as 
a feed. Pea silage is well worth $3 a 
ton, or more, as it would add succulence 
to the ration. If the -cornstalks were cut 
they would be much more useful as bed¬ 
ding. and the cows would clean them up 
much better and they could be more 
easilv handled, but if the leaves are bright 
and nicely cured it is surprising how little 
waste will result from feeding whole corn¬ 
stalks. 
Boarding Cattle 
Will you please give me an estimate of 
the charge which should be paid for the 
board per week per head for dry Holstein 
cows, where the man boarding the cows 
furnishes the barn and bedding, and does 
the labor of feeding the cows, while the 
owner of the cows furnishes all the feed 
delivered to the barn? There would prob- 
ablv be about *20 cows. The man who 
furnished barn and bedding to get the 
manure. In other words, the labor, bed¬ 
ding and shelter furnished balance manure 
and how much cash? J- 
With commercial fertilizers selling at 
their present values, we are beginning to 
appreciate the use of barnyard manure on 
the farm. If the owner of 20 dry cows 
supplies all of the grain and hay. and pro¬ 
vided the cows in question are all mature 
and generously fed with a useful ration, 
the manure voided ought to compensate 
for the labor involved in the care of the 
cattle, especially if. the owner of the barn 
has oat or wheat straw that he is anxious 
to have worked over into manure. It 
would be appropriate to make a charge of 
50c per week per head, which will amount 
to about $50 per month for the 20 head. 
It is assumed that the cows will be main¬ 
tained for the larger portion of the tune 
in the barnyard and not confined all the 
time in the stable 
Garbage for Pigs 
Could I feed 12-weeks-old pigs gar¬ 
bage*' If so, how should the transfer be 
made? Mow is the best way to prepare 
and feed this refuse? G. G. d. 
Pigs 12 weeks of age that have been 
well grown and fed during the nursing 
period can be transferred to kitchen and 
refuse garbage with very little inconve¬ 
nience. The best arrangement would ob¬ 
tain in case some garbage were fed to 
these pigs previous to weaning, and also 
if the dam nursing these pigs were fed 
on some of this material previous to 
weaning. However, if the pigs have been 
separated from their mother it would be 
well to mix about 50 per cent of grain 
with the garbage during the first week or 
10 days. This would involve the feeding 
of about half a pound of grain per day to 
a pig weighing 50 lbs., and this would be 
supplemented with enough of the garbage 
to satisfy the youngster’s appetite. It 
would be well to drain off the liquids from 
this stale bread and cooked vegetables, and 
in this way do away with considerable of 
tlio "rpflsc. 
After the pigs reach a weight of 75 lbs. 
they can be fed all of the garbage that 
they will consume with relish, although it 
is verv important that they be given only 
such quantities as they will clean up with 
relish each meal. Stale material kept be¬ 
fore the pigs at all times will take the 
edge off their appetite, and they are very 
apt to have irregularities of the digestive 
svstem that would limit their growing 
propensities. The old policy of reducing 
garbage with large amounts of water is to 
be discouraged, for it is possible under 
such conditions that the young pigs would 
literally starve to death on a full stom¬ 
ach. Ilominy is clearly the most econom¬ 
ical and desirable grain supplement for 
garbage. Usually there is enough pro¬ 
tein, but there is a shortage of. carbo- 
Imlrates and hominy supplies this need 
to good advantage. Frequent feedings of 
the garbage—that is, three or four feed¬ 
ings per day—are more to be desired than 
two- feedings, with young animals. 
If you have a large number of pigs it 
would be to your advantage to decrease 
this material. This is accomplished by 
means of cookers, utilizing the tireless 
cooker idea, which involves the heating 
of the material intermittently in hour pe¬ 
riods for 24 hours. The grease will rise to 
the top and can be skimmed off and sold 
for the manufacture of soap and low- 
grade lubricants. 
An experiment was recently conducted 
at one of the New Jersey institutions ia- 
<D>e RURAL NEW-YORKER 
January 4, 1911* 
volving the feeding of pigs entirely on 
refuse from the table. The addition of 
grain failed to prove of value after the 
pigs weighed 50 or 75 lbs. Previous to 
this weight it seems to serve a useful pur¬ 
pose and was considered economical. 
These pigs are in good flesh and have 
splendidly developed frames and will eas¬ 
ily weigh 250 lbs. when 200 days old. A 
number of operations in swine feeding 
are to be carried out in connection with 
the various cantonments and it is clearly 
the best use that can be made of the ref¬ 
use material. Decreasing the material 
and drying it is an expensive proposition ; 
but-nevertheless there is such a demand 
for fertility units that a great deal of this 
material is used in this connection at this 
time. It would be well, no doubt, to 
finish out the pigs after they weigh 250 
or 300 lbs. by supplementing the garbage 
with a little barley. This will firm the 
flesh and make it possible to cure out 
sound rather than oily, which condition 
will prevail in case garbage feeding is 
continued throughout their growing and 
fattening period. 
Fattening Hereford Cattle 
Will you give me a balanced ration for 
a good bunch of Hereford cattle which 
weigh about 050 lbs.? I have the fol¬ 
lowing feeds on hand : Cottonseed, hom¬ 
iny, bran and ground barley ; for roughage 
I have good corn silage and Alfalfa hay. 
I am mixing the feeds now, 100 lbs. .of 
each, and feeding about 5 lbs. per head. 
Will it improve to add eornmeal, which I 
can buy now for $05 per ton? c. V. L. 
New York. 
C. Y. L. does not state whether it is 
desired to finish this bunch of steers, or 
whether he is simply going to feed them 
during the Winter and fatten them on 
grass next year. If they weigh but 050 
lbs. it is evident that they are yearlings, 
and in this reply I am going to assume 
that they are to be wintered on partial 
feed, rather than forced and fattened. If 
C. V. L. has an abundance of silage and 
Alfalfa hay, this in itself would prove a 
satisfying ration. I would not under any 
circumstances feed them any wheat bran, 
for it is too expensive, if we base its value 
on the digestive nutrients contained. A 
market animal of this age and weight 
would not require this product. Corn- 
meal is more desirable than hominy meal. 
Experiments show that one can afford to 
pay from 15 to 20 per cent more for the 
best grade of eornmeal, as compared with 
the prevailing grades of hominy meal. 
The ground barley would be especially 
useful for finishing the cattle. In fact, 
it firms the flesh and adds a finish not 
obtainable from any other source. Cot¬ 
tonseed meal should be fed in a quantity 
not greater than 2 lbs. per day for 1,000- 
lb. steers. This would meau that the 
steer weighing 050 lbs. should be fed not 
more than 1-2/10 lbs. per day, and if Al¬ 
falfa hay is available in abundance the 
amount of this concentrate might be still 
further reduced. There i6 a difference of 
opinion as to whether yearling steers 
should be maintained at approximately con¬ 
sistent weight during the Winter months 
or whether they should be fed in such a 
manner as to establish an increase in 
weight of about 150 lbs. during the five 
months. My own opinion permits the 
suggestion that a maintenance ration 
should be provided an- 1 that the bulk of 
this should be supplied oy means of the 
silage. Alfalfa hay, cottonseed meal and 
eornmeal. This would not require more 
than four or five pounds of this grain mix¬ 
ture per day, and what increase they 
would make in weight would result from 
growth rather than flesh. On the other 
hand, if this reader wishes to finish and 
fatten these cattle, I would limit their 
silage to 30 lbs. per day and gradually 
bring them up within 30 days to a full 
ration composed of hominy. 500 lbs.; 
eornmeal, 500 lbs.; ground barley. 500 
lbs.; cottonseed meal. 400 lbs. Unless I 
had sufficient barley to feed them through¬ 
out their fattening period I would not in¬ 
troduce any of this feed in the mixture 
until the last three weeks of the feeding 
period. 
Ration for Young Pigs 
Would you give me a good mixture for 
feeding this-Fall weaned pigs? Have 
been feeding scalded middlings with boiled 
small potatoes twice a day, and for three 
pigs about nine nubbins of corn at noon ; 
also a little salt and charcoal mixed in 
feed. l. ,t. ir. 
A useful mixture for feeding Fall pigs 
recently weaned would include some mid¬ 
dlings and possibly some boiled potatoes, 
but you should add to this mixture either 
some eornmeal or hominy; also some di¬ 
gester tankage. During cold weather it 
is necessary to supply growing pigs with 
feeds that are rich in fats and carbo¬ 
hydrates if it is desired that their gains 
should be regular and satisfactory. A 
useful mixture would be the following: 
100 lbs. eornmeal. 50 lbs. ground oats, 
50 llw*. ground barley, 50 lbs. wheat mid¬ 
dlings, 15 lbs. digester tankage. If the 
potatoes are boiled they should be prompt- 
y drained and should not constitute more 
than 20 per cent of the ration. Their 
purpose should be that, of an appetizer 
rather than a dependable source of diges¬ 
tible units. If you have small corn, this 
could supplement the above mixture. 
The feed should be mixed in the propor¬ 
tion suggesed and in a thick slop or mash 
and not thinned down with water. The 
pigs should be required to eat this ma¬ 
terial and not drink it, if the most rapid 
gains are desired. In a separate com¬ 
partment or box you should keep before 
the pigs at all times equal parts, by 
weight, of the mixture made up of salt, 
charcoal, bonemeal and rock phosphate. 
Give the pigs a dry place to sleep, and 
make sure that they are not pestered with 
lice nor infested with worms. Fall pigs 
have a habit of inviting these conditions, 
and if pestered in this way they cannot 
convert high-priced feeds into pork or 
profit. 
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