56 
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Feeding Young Pigs; Grain for Cows 
(Continued from page 54) 
tion to their daily milk yields, and when 
they are supplied with all of the hay find 
roughage that they will clean up with 
relish, an addition of 1 lb. of this grain 
mixture for each 3 or 4 lbs. of milk pro¬ 
duced daily will yield fairly good results. 
Sunflower Seeds for Horses and Hogs 
I noticed an article on the raising of 
sunflower seed and its uses. I put some 
in with my sweet corn, thinking I would 
raise a little seed for my chickens. I 
plowed up my strawberry bed about July 
5, drilled in corn and sunflower seed. 
On 1 y 2 acres I pulled a good crop of 
sweet corn at 25 cents per dozen, and 
shelled out 30 bushels of sunflower seed, 
large heads, beside a great deal to feed to 
chickens on the stalks, which produce 
many heads of various sizes which would 
be tedious to shell out. I stored the large 
heads for one week, setting them on their 
edges to dry or cure; then two small boys 
with a piece of lath thrashed them out, one 
head to the minute, in a tight wagon box. 
They made live hay-ladder loads 20 feet 
long to haul them to the shed to dry. I 
would like to know what I can feed this 
seed to, besides chickens and parrots. I 
have two horses and seven pigs, some of 
which I am feeding to kill in January. I 
feed middlings, turnips and small pota¬ 
toes, cooked, and corn on ear. Could I 
feed sunflower seed by having it chopped, 
and in what proportion? d. l. b. 
Pennsylvania. 
The practice of growing sunflower seed 
to supplement useful rations for poultry 
is growing in popularity, and within cer¬ 
tain districts in the Western States where 
the growing season is relatively short, 
sunflowers have been successfully pro¬ 
duced for silage purposes. It is claimed 
that the yield per acre is substantially 
greater than the yield of corn in this 
locality, and experience shows that there 
is very little difference in the feeding 
value of the silage. If it is desired to use 
the sunflower seed in the ration for either 
horses or swine, it would be necessary to 
grind the seed into a meal in order that 
digestion would be more complete. Other¬ 
wise a great many of the seeds would pass 
through the system entire. For horses, I 
recommend the following: Five lbs. of 
cracked corn, 5 lbs. of whole oats, 5 lbs. 
of ground sunflower seeds. If the horses 
are working they should receive 1% lbs. 
of this mixture for each 100 lbs. of live 
weight per day. In other words, if the 
work horses weigh 1.000 lbs. and are do¬ 
ing heavy work regularly, they should 
be fed as much as 12 y 2 lbs. of this grain 
mixture daily. It had best be supple¬ 
mented with a mixture of hay, inasmuch 
as Alfalfa or clover hay might prove too 
laxative. As far as the pigs are con¬ 
cerned, assuming that they weigh approx-’ 
imately 100 lbs., the following mixture is 
recommended : Ear corn. 100 lbs.; ground 
In every instance where potatoes are 
cooked for use in feeding swine, the so- 
called potato water should be drained off 
previous to the pulping of the potatoes, 
as there appears to be a toxic property in 
this water that makes the mixture unpal¬ 
atable. 
Swine Selection and Feeding 
I have raised a few cross-bred pigs this 
year with good results, and am now plan¬ 
ning to raise pigs on a larger scale. 
Judging from reading articles in The R. 
N.-Y., it is more profitable to raise pure¬ 
bred pigs, and as I wish to start with 
proper foundation stock for a permanent 
business, I would like the following in¬ 
formation : What breed would you favor 
in raising swine? Is any particular soil 
(clay or sandy) more favorable for a pig 
farm? How many acres would be neces¬ 
sary to raise economically 100 pigs year¬ 
ly, disposing of same at nine or 10 
months? What crops and acreage of each 
would be necessary? Would you recom¬ 
mend single houses or a large colony 
house? Is there any publication relative 
to administering treatment to prevent 
cholera? t e. k. 
New Brunswick, N. J. 
You are right. It does pay to select 
pigs with some breeding and backing if 
most economical gains are to result. Scrub 
pigs do not make the best use of the food 
supplied, and when their carcasses are 
hung up in the cooler they do not evi¬ 
dence as large a proportion of edible meat 
as we find on the carcasses of pigs that 
have been bred up and selected primarily 
for meat production. It is not necessary 
that you have purebred registered ani¬ 
mals, but I would not select cross-bred 
animals unless both the sire and dam 
were of pure breeding, and I would not 
carry this beyond the first cross. There 
are differences in the characteristics of 
the various breeds of swine. They vary 
in color, conformation, type, age of ma¬ 
turity and in feeding and gaining pro¬ 
pensities. There are good and bad speci¬ 
mens in each breed. Rather than rely 
entirely upon the mere selection of the 
breed to be responsible for successful pork 
production, I would prefer choosing the 
January 11, 1919 
utility type of animal l’egardless of 
the breed, and depend upon those animals 
to convert my pig feed into pork promptly 
and at a profit. I would stick to the lard 
type rather than to the bacon type. Du- 
roe Jerseys, Chester Whites, Poland 
Chinas, or Berkshires are representatives 
of the lard breeds. The Jersey Red is 
popular in your section. If you will go 
over to the swine department at the Ex¬ 
periment Station at New Brunswick you 
will see the various specimens under the 
same conditions and be able to select the 
breed or type you prefer. While there is 
no particular type of soil particularly 
adapted for growing crops for swine, it 
is essential that it he well drained and 
productive and that it will yield generous 
amounts of any one of the following for¬ 
age crops: Rape, oats, peas, Soy beans, 
Sweet clover, Red clover and the various 
Winter grains, and, of course, corn. As 
far as area is concerned, it is conservative 
to estimate that one acre of established 
pasturage or forage crop will support the 
grazing requirements of 20 pigs weighing 
100 lbs. apiece; or of five brood sows 
with the average litters, and generally one 
ton of live weight of pigs can be pas¬ 
tured on one acre. Perhaps the most 
useful forage crop mixture is composed of 
Dwarf Essex rape, oats and Sweet clover. 
A bushel of oats, 5 lbs. of rape and 8 lbs. 
of white blooming Sweet clover is suffi¬ 
cient for an acre. The rape and Sweet 
clover should be mixed and seeded sepa¬ 
rately from the oats, and the entire com¬ 
bination mixture seeded as early in the 
Spring as is possible. It can he pastured 
as soon as the plants are eight or nine 
inches in height and should be supple¬ 
mented with some grain, preferably corn, 
hominy or barley. By all means I would 
recommend the use of the colony-house 
system. Some of the houses should be 
individual houses ; others might be large 
enough to accommodate four or five brood 
sows. It is necessary, however, to have 
the brood sow and her litter alone at far¬ 
rowing time and until the pigs are five or 
six weeks old. 
Cooked Garbage for Swine 
Do you know 7 of any way to cook gar¬ 
bage for swine feeding without killing 
the hogs? Some of us tried it. and the 
acid from orange peels and the tobacco 
killed quite a number of them. T. H. M. 
East Saugus, Mass. 
If you will send to the New Jersey Ex¬ 
periment Station for a copy of Circular 
No. 40, and ask the Animal Husbandry 
Department to send you a copy of their 
last bulletin on pork production, and to 
include a copy of the tentative report of 
the experimental work conducted at the 
State Reformatory at Trenton Junction, 
you will obtain some useful information 
concerning the feeding of garbage to 
swine. In the Seacaucus district just 
outside of New York City perhaps 50.000 
hogs are now on feed and are being sup¬ 
plied exclusively with collected garbage 
from the New York hotels. This material 
is collected in covered barrels, carted by 
trucks to their feeding pens, placed in 
large digesters wdiere it is cooked with 
jteam, the grease skimmed off and the 
idue thinned down with warm water 
d fed to the pigs in open troughs. They 
ave been able to reduce the losses very 
materially by means of diluting the swill, 
blit as a result of this practice they like¬ 
wise reduce the daily gains, inasmuch as 
the pigs are not supplied with enough dry 
matter to maintain their body weight, and 
increase in fiesli. Pigs’ stomachs are very 
small and require concentrated food. If 
they are supplied with a mass of thin slop 
they are always hungry, and it is difficult 
to make satisfactory gain. If, on the other 
hand, some other grain, such as cornmeal 
and hominy, is fed in addition to the gar¬ 
bage dilution, and where molasses also is 
added to the mixture, the gains have been 
larger. It is very probable that the losses 
from feeding garbage result from gas¬ 
tritis rather than poison. It is not un¬ 
common to find broken glass in the gar¬ 
bage pail, and as this material enters the 
pigs’ stomach it virtually slits the intes¬ 
tines and injures the walls of the stomach 
in such a manner as to produce inflam¬ 
mation which results in infection and 
winds up with gastritis. Raw garbage is 
fed extensively in the Asbury Park dis¬ 
trict, especially during the Summer sea¬ 
son, and does not entail as great losses 
from digestive disorders, although the ir¬ 
regular composition of the material makes 
it impossible to feed full rations without 
grain supplements. 
Ration for Freshening Heifers 
Will you give an explanation of what 
you think is the best feed to develop big 
udders on heifers that come in during 
March and April? c. A. s. 
I know of no particular ration that will 
have any special influence upon the 
velopment of the udder. A heifer due to 
freshen in March or April should be fed 
generously during the Winter months, and 
a useful ration would result from the fol¬ 
lowing mixturb: Cornmeal, 100 lbs.; 
wheat bran, 100 lbs.; ground oats, 100 
lbs. Assuming that the heifer will weigh 
000 lbs., it would be proper to feed her 
nine pounds daily of this mixture, and, 
in addition, all of the clover or Alfalfa 
hay that she will consume with relish. 
After the heifer is safely settled she 
should he fed liberally, and it is good 
practice to have them relatively high iu 
flesh at the end of their gestation. 
