100 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
January IS, 1919 
Exclusive Features 
Make Star Equipment “Different” 
Interior of Star equipped barn owned by 
H. J. Krebs, Wilmington, Del. 
T HERE are big reasons why Star 
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in any other equipment. For example, the Star Curb Clamp, which does away 
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Interior 
of Star 
equipped 
barn owned 
by C. F. Sturban, 
Hartford, Conn. 
These and other exclusive Star features are too important for you to overlook 
now when saving farm work and expense mean more than ever before. 
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M SEPARATOR 
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Questions About Pigs 
Answered By Prof. F. C. Minkler 
Wintering Brood Sows and Pigs 
I am wintering five brood sows and 
seven early November pigs. I have corn, 
oats and barley. I am going to feed ear 
corn as the main feed basis. I have been 
using half oats and half barley or shelled 
corn, mixed together and ground into a 
meal for slop. This mixture costs me at 
present $2.50 per 100 pounds, which looks 
too high. I can buy middlings at $1.85 
per 100 pounds; 60 per cent tankage at 
$5 50 per 100 pounds; oil meal at $3.25 
per 100 pounds. It looks to me as though 
it would pay to sell the corn and oats and 
buy middlings and tankage for the money. 
I have good clover hay, but do not think 
much of it as a hog feed. s. H. 
Ohio. 
I would not under any circumstances 
sell my corn, barley and oats and pur¬ 
chase middlings and tankage for the brood 
sows. Middlings at $1.S5 per 100 pounds 
would prove very expensive feed for brood 
sows. Middlings at this price would be 
nothing but ground bran, and would be 
worth no more pound for pound than the 
clover hay you are discarding. If you 
will make some slat racks, fill these with 
clover hay and insist that the brood sows 
eat generously of this material every day 
you will not only economize in your daily 
costs of feed, but your sows will winter 
better and the pigs will he stronger at 
farrowing time than would result from 
feeding them exclusively on middlings and 
tankage. If you will take equal parts of 
corn, barley and oats and feed them just 
enough of these concentrates to supple¬ 
ment the clover hay and provide for a 
gain of not more than three-fourths pound 
per day during the gestation period, your 
cost will not be excessive. If you will 
add about five per cent of digester tank¬ 
age to this grain ration it will be im¬ 
proved, but make sure that your grain 
supplements your clover, rather than give 
them all the grain that they will consume 
and expect them to eat some clover hay 
in addition. Naturally they will prefer 
*th<? grain to the hay, but if the grain is 
denied them until after a certain amount 
of hay is consumed, your problem will he 
solved. I would not feed wheat middlings 
to mature animals. You will find they 
are an expensive source of food nutrients, 
especially under the milling system, where 
very little is included in the middlings 
but the hull and outer coatings of the 
grain. Digester tankage at $5.50 per 100 
pounds would be more*desirable than oil 
meal at $3.25 per 100 pounds, and oil 
meal is rather laxative for -pigs and is 
not as satisfactory as the tankage. Bar 
corn would do just as well as the meal for 
old sows, but I believe a few oats will im¬ 
prove any ration for breeding animals, 
whether horses, cattle, sheep or swine. 
Pigs with Blind Staggers 
I have a litter of pigs about eight weeks 
©Id. Have been feeding them cornmeal 
and middlings with warm water, after 
starting on a little milk. Yesterday when 
I fed them one of them took one bite and 
over he went on his side trembling. _ I i- 
nally got up. He did the same at night. 
This morning I gave them a couple of 
ears of corn, lie took one bite, squealed 
and went over again on his side and lay 
trembling. Before I came away from the 
barn I gave them another ear of corn. 
He ate some, and it did not seem to 
bother him this time. I lost four pigs by 
the same sow last Spring on account of 
this same trouble. 1 laid it to feeding 
too much at that time and do now. Am 
I right, or is it some disease? Only one 
has been affected so far. a. J. L. 
New York. 
Your pigs are suffering from what is 
commonly known as blind staggers. It 
is caused by chronic constipation and 
from the further fact that the digestion is 
incomplete and circulation irregular. I 
would take all the grain away from these 
pigs and give them a laxative, perferably 
raw linseed oil. They will not take this 
substance unless they are very hungry, 
and it is necessary to deny them food for 24 
hours previous to giving them this oil. 
It should he mechanically mixed with 
some milk, and a pig weighing 50 pounds 
should receive two tablespoons of the raw 
linseed oil. Middlings are very likely to 
constipate very young pigs and a little 
oil meal added to your mixture would 
solve your problem. Milk when first in¬ 
troduced into a ration is likely to bring 
about the same condition, and any change 
in the ration for pigs should be made 
gradually if no disorders are to result. 
It would be good judgment if you would 
steam some clover leaves and let the pigs 
have access to this material. Make sure 
that there is no clogging of the excretory 
system and the congested appearance that 
you describe will disappear. Cholera 
sometimes makes its initial appearance in 
this manner, yet I doubt very much if 
your trouble is anything other than indi¬ 
gestion. Try the oil and repeat the dos¬ 
age until the system is well relieved. 
Barley Compared with Wheat for Pigs 
Is barley equal to wheat in feeding 
value for pigs? If not. how much less in 
value is it, ton for ton? What per cent 
of tankage (60 per cent) to other grains 
for pigs weighing 50 pounds, 100 pounds 
and 150 pounds, my feeds being wheat, 
barley, oats and tankage? If your figures 
are for corn, what per cent difference be¬ 
tween wheat or barley and corn? w. n. 
Maine. 
Based upon the total digestible nutri¬ 
ents in 2,000 pounds of barley, it has 
been determined by Savage of the Cornell 
Station, that one ton of wheat contains 
1,602 pounds of digestible nutrients, while 
barley contains 1,5S8, and that if both 
products were selling at $50 per ton, 100 
pounds of the ground wheat would be 
worth $3.12, while 100 pounds of the 
ground barley would he worth $3.15. 
Thus it will be seen that from 
purely a chemical standpoint the 
products are almost identical. On the 
other hand, I should prefer barley to 
wheat for feeding pigs. The ground wheat 
is very apt to dough and lump in the 
stomach, which condition does not prevail 
with the ground barley. While it is true 
that wheat middlings are considered 
especially adapted to the feeding of young 
pigs, I would prefer the ground barley 
for use in feeding swine after they had 
reached the weight of 75 pounds. For 
pigs weighing 50 pounds I would allow 
them 10 per cent of digester tankage. 
For pigs weighing 100 pounds the amount 
should be reduced to eight per cent, while 
after they reach a weight of 150 pounds 
five per cent would he abundant, in case 
they are supplied with some feed that 
carries as much protein as oats or ground 
barley, as a supplement to corn. In com¬ 
paring barley with corn on the same basis, 
a ton of corn will contain 1,714 pounds 
of digestible nutrients as compared with 
1,588 for the barley, while 100 pounds 
of digestible nutrients in corn at $50 per 
ton would cost $2.92 as compared with 
$3.15 for the barley. Thus it will be seen 
that when one considers the total digest¬ 
ible nutrients contained in these three 
available feeds, there is relatively very 
little difference. A ton of oats ou the 
other hand carries only 1.408 pounds of 
digestible nutrients, and at $50 per ton 
100 pounds of digestible nutrients would 
cost $3.55. 
Digester tankage analyzing over 60 per 
cent protein contains 1,740 pounds of 
digestible nutrients per ton, while 100 
pounds of the digestible material at $50 
per ton would cost $2.S7. It must be re¬ 
membered, however, that as far as the 
tankage is concerned, a large percentage 
of the analysis is protein, which is clearly 
the most expensive material to purchase 
at the present time. During the last two 
years, however, for the first time in the 
history of feed stuff calculations, carbo¬ 
hydrate feeds have in reality been higher 
priced than the protein carriers. At this 
season of the year I would surely force 
my market pigs by means of using the 
self-feeder. You will find that in case 
you supply barley, oats, ground wheat 
and tankage in separate compartments 
the pigs will prefer the barley to 
either wheat or oats and that they will 
consume tankage in about the proportions 
suggested above. 
I am unable to determine just what in¬ 
formation you request relative to weights 
and gains of pigs fed in the different 
ways, but if you will make your inquiry 
more in detail, I shall be glad to answer 
your questions and calculate the cost as 
you may determine. 
