130 
Pe RURAL NEW-YORKER 
January 25, 1919 
DON’T GIVE UP THE FARM 
MAKE IT PAY!! 
DON’T spend money needlessly for plant stimulants. 
DON’T buy nitrogen, use the inexhaustible supply which nature has 
provided, taking it from the air by growing heavy legume crops. 
Depend on them for your main source of nitrogen, organic mat¬ 
ter and humus. 
DON’T buy potash unless you are dead sure your land is deficient in 
this element. German potash propaganda worked wonders for 
the Potash Trust, but did you grow smaller crops when the 
supnly was cut off for four years? 
DON’T use Acid Phosphate as a source of phosphorus, unless you apply 
liberal quantities of lime to neutralize its bad effects, for it is 
bound to create acid soil conditions and an acid soil is bacteri- 
ally dead. 
KEEP THESE FACTS IN MIND 
That Phosphorus is the lacking element in most soils. 
That crops won't grow on acid soils. 
That essential bacteria cannot live in acid soils. 
That you cannot maintain the land’s fertility by depending on 
plant stimulants. 
BARIUM-PHOSPHATE 
IS AN ALKALINE FERTILIZER 
ANALYSING 
16% Phosphoric Acid 7% Barium Sulphide 
Barium-Phospliate is a mixture of a water soluble alkali, barium 
sulphide, and' phosphate of lime. It will never make a soil arid and it 
will correct acid soil conditions. 
This material supplies phosphorus in a most desirable form at a 
reasonable cost and also contains 1 % of Barium Sulphide, an active 
alkali which 
SWEETENS THE SOIL AND PROMOTES THE GROWTH 
OF FAVORABLE BACTERIA 
Phosphorus and decaying organic matter are the two substances 
which constitute the key to profitable systems of permanent agriculture. 
Used in combination with manure or plowed under with green crops 
Barium-Phosphate will produce profitable yields and build up the fertility 
of your farm. 
It will pay you to write for our book describing this material and 
its uses. 
Witherbee, Sherman & Company, Inc. 
2 Rector Street, New York City 
ADDRESS INQUIRIES TO FERTILIZER DEPT. GRAFTON, MASS. 
That’s what Forrest Seeds are—tested and 
of known lineage, true to name. Our country 
location and low running expenses with no 
high priced catalogs, enable us to give you 
the best of seeds at very low prices. You 
can save 30# on your seed bill. 
Eonest Seeds—Square Dealings—Low Prices. Let us convince you. Write for catalog today 
FORREST SEED CO,, Box 32, Cortland, N. Y. 
CONTENTS 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, JAN. 
FARM TOPICS 
□ 
25, 1919 
The New York Alfalfa Belt—Part III 
Life History of the Bean Weevil. 
The Farmer’s Ice Supply. 
Experience With an Auto Truck. 
Buying a Farm Without Capital. 
Potato Culture; Cucumbers. 
The Back-to-the-Lander’s Problem.... 
Shall He Move Away?. 
Reseeding Old Meadows. 
Seed Potatoes . 
Bean Weevils .. 
New York State Agricultural Society. 
Farms for the Soldiers. 
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY 
.... 114 
.... 114 
.... 115 
115. 116 
.... 116 
.... 116 
.... 117 
.... 117 
.... 123 
.... 123 
.... 123 
.... 130 
.... 135 
Milking Shorthorns for Eastern Farmers. 113, 114 
Selling Small Lots of Wool... 115 
The Manufacturer’s Side of Wool Prices... 126 
Steer or Cow Beef. 126 
The Real Trouble with the Milk Situation. . 135 
Profit in Cows vs. Pigs and Chickens. 142 
A New York Dairy Problem.142, 144 
Milk Strikes and the Dairywoman. 147 
Goat Experiences . 150 
The Dog On the Battlefield. 150 
Butter-making; Dairy Ration. 152 
Rations for Heifers; Ringworm. 153 
Grain for Cows. 153 
Rations for Milk and Beef. 153 
Start on the First Spark 
on the Coldest Day 
You pull a button—your Master Primer instantly vapo¬ 
rizes tne gasoline—the rich, hot gas ignites on the first 
spark. Will start your car on such low grade fuels as dis¬ 
tillate. We absolutely guarantee it. Try it 80 days. If it 
fails to kill your starting troubles, we’ll gladly refund 
money. 30,000 in use—standard equipment on scientific 
Franklin car. Cannot drain battery —saves battery energy. 
Eliminates high test auxiliary gasoline tank. Cost trifling 
—$12.50. Send money with name and model of car. Act 
quickly so we can supply you at once. Bank Reference: 
Central Savings Bank, Detroit, 
Master Primer Co.,34 E. Lamed St. Detroit, Mich, 
C. N. ROBINSON & BRO., 
HOTBEDSASH 
CYPRESS, well made with 
Cross bar, blind tenons, white 
leaded in joints. GLASS, $-1.50 
p«r box. Write for circular. 
Dopt. 1 4, Baltimore, Md. 
THE HENYARD 
Crowing Hens . 148 
Lame Rooster . 156 
Plastering Wooden Henhouse. 156 
The Farm Flock of Poultry. 156 
HORTICULTURE 
Pruning Berry Bushes. 114 
Coal Ashes in Garden. 123 
Greenhouse Putty . 123 
Requirements of McIntosh Apple. 123 
Sweet Potatoes, Lima Beans and Apples for 
Virginia . 127 
Apple Maggot . 127 
When to Fertilize Asparagus. 127 
Successful Orchard Varieties in New Hamp¬ 
shire . 133 
Protest Against this Quarantine. 135 
One Hundred Fruit Trees on Every Farm.. 137 
BIG, QUICK PROFITS 
GROWING STRAWBERRIES AND OTHER SMALL FRUITS. 
Get started right by planting our hardy Northern 
grown plants. We have all varieties including the 
Wonderful Kverbearers. Don’t buy until you have 
seen our new catalog. It’s free; write today and save 
money. HENRY E. EML0NG & SONS, Stevensville, Michioan 
Seed Corn 
5 non Extra boIoc- 
jvUU tod, sure to 
BUShel . S Luulhm va¬ 
rieties. Highest yielders. Best show corn. Also seed oats, barley, 
alfalfa. Spring wheat. 1200 acres. Sample on request. Write 
today for catalog, ff. N, SCAUFF A SONS, New Carlisle, Ohio 
WOMAN AND HOME 
Two Farm Girls from Ohio. 118 
Wayne Co., N. Y., Home Economics Com¬ 
mittee . 128 
A Busy Day on the Farm. 136 
The Winter Thoughts of a Farm Woman 136, 149 
A Burning Question for Women. 137 
Canning Meat . 137 
The Home Dressmaker.138, 139 
Doughnuts . 139 
Poor Man’s Pudding . 139 
Eggless Chocolate Cake. 139 
Some Economical Recipes. 139 
Nourishing Recipes for the Staff of Life. . . 139 
The Rural School Lunch. 139 
Good Griddle Cakes. 139 
Pastoral Parson and His Country Folks. 140, 141 
Spare the Rod and Spoil the Child. 141 
More About Cockroaches. 148 
Making Pennsylvania Scrapple. 155 
MISCELLANEOUS 
Strong Lard . 120 
Coal Oil in Motor Radiator. 120 
Preservative for Canvas. 120 
Whitening White Fowls. 120 
Cleaning Wallpaper .. 120 
Tomato Vinegar .* * 120 
Questions About Lubricating Oils.120, 124 
Soldiers Are Not Revolutionists. 135 
School Attendance During Sickness. 148 
Use of Gang plow with Tractor. 154 
Belt Troubles with Saw Rig. 154 
BERRY PLANTS are Scarce 
this season. Order yours early. Catalog now ready. 
GEO. D. AIKEN, Box M, Putney, Vermont 
Invest25c. package of Hudson Valley Marel Tomato 
Best novelty of recent years. Early, productive 
clean, distinct and entirely novel foliage. Large 
Packets, containing 1,000 seeds, #*1. The result will 
please you. J. P. ACKERMAN. Originator, Ulster Park, N.Y. 
For Sale-Prime, Healthy Sweet Corn Seed 
$8 per bu.: 30c. per qt. V. B. MOOKE. Stratford, Conn. 
Sweet ClOVer Northern grown. Hardy, white 
tity. 
unhulled. 20c. per lb., any quail 
F. S. BRONG, - Saylorsburg, Pa. 
TOBACCO OUST ge&'gSS.’Si 
nitro¬ 
gen—tor garden and onion 
land fertilizing. Also useful to sprinkle in bens' 
nests. $5 perewt. lbs. I).TRASS, Madison, Ohio 
r A nilAC Pictures and accurate desoriptionsof per- 
f 1 !\ HlwIX sonally inspected properties. State your 
* 1 **»*** 1 -’ requirements. F F. S10CMM, 141 BVsv, N Y 
The New York Agricultural Society 
The Now York State Agricultural So¬ 
ciety’s eighty-seventh annual meeting at 
Albany, January 14-15, brought out the 
largest attendance in many years. The 
first day’s session began with a report of 
the committee on legislation, in which it 
was hoped that the present Farms and 
Markets Council would not be disturbed 
but permitted to work out and prove its 
worth; that the dog law be further 
strengthened; the State' constabulary 
commended; co-operation on I he part of 
all farmers recommended; the society 
urged to put its influence back of the 
movement for a complete revision of the 
agricultural law, mentioning especially 
sections relating to diseases of domestic 
animals. 
The program was then gone through; 
Commissioner Porter of Foods and Mar¬ 
kets speaking on “Some Market Prob¬ 
lems”; George K. Ilogue, director of the 
Dairy Bureau of the Department of 
Farms and Markets gave statistics rela¬ 
tive to feed values and prices. The 
American Feed Manufacturers’ Associa¬ 
tion of Milwaukee had sent Dr. Carl H. 
Miner, a leading chemist of Chicago, to 
reply to any attacks which might be made 
upon the business of feed manufacturers 
and dealers, but he did not find it neces¬ 
sary to do more than explain the manu¬ 
facturers’ side of “Mixed Feed Situation” 
—this lie did gracefully, and the expected 
short discussion on the subject did not 
materialize. 
At the afternoon session, Tuesday, Dr. 
W. II. Jordan of the State Experiment 
Station, in his paper on “Has the State 
of New York an Agricultural Policy?” re¬ 
viewed' agricultural conditions generally, 
and the efforts to benefit them through 
special agencies and commissions, and 
seemed to arrive at the conclusion that 
there now existed no definite agricultural 
policy. Dr. Jordan suggests the creation 
of machinery by which the farmers of the 
State may express themselves in a man¬ 
ner that will commend adequate recogni¬ 
tion ; this machinery to be a congress, a 
deliberative body representing the farmers 
of the State, to have associated with them 
business men of every class, merchants, 
railroad men, city dwellers, as all have 
common interests which should be mu¬ 
tually discussed and understood, and a 
definite agricultural policy determined 
upon and proclaimed. 
The society had invited a representa¬ 
tive of the Dairymen’s League to speak 
on “Present Problems of the Dairymen’s 
League.” It is understood this invitation 
was accepted, but no representative ap¬ 
peared at the meeting, and no word came 
to explain the non-appearance of the ad¬ 
vertised speaker. So Dr. Jonathan C. 
Day. New York City Commissioner of 
Markets, the next speaker, was called. 
Put the expectation of the “scrap” over 
the milk discussion had attracted so 
many farmers to the meeting that the As¬ 
sembly parlor could not Hold them, and 
Speaker Sweet, hearing of the over¬ 
crowded condition, invited the members 
to go to the Assembly chamber for the 
remainder of the session, which was done, 
but even with the chamber’s larger seat¬ 
ing capacity, many extra seats had to be 
provided. 
Dr. Day. in his address, told the farm¬ 
ers that until ilie ultimate consumer and 
the farmer could get together on a basic 
understanding the situation could not be 
improved. “I am here to tell you today 
that the consumer in New York City is 
not your enemy,” said Dr. Day. “He is 
your friend, and as such should he 
treated.” 
Dr. Day told the men that in the pres¬ 
ent dispute his sympathies lay with the 
dairymen, but added that the League 
should not oppose the repeal of exemp¬ 
tion from the Donnelly act. “The Dairy¬ 
men’s League,” he said, “should hot be 
exempted by legislation and if properly 
organized it will not need to be, any more 
than any labor union.” 
Dr. Day urged the farmers to devote 
their energies toward a public-owned 
channel of transportation between up¬ 
state and New York City, advocating if 
necessary the owning of railroads and 
other facilities. 
"New York City is helpless without 
the man up-State,” said Dr. Day. “Here 
we have the city of New York, the State 
of New York and the Council of Farms 
and Markets all anxious for the same 
thing, to feed the residents of New York 
City at a fair mice in the most improved 
manner. With the six million people of 
the city behind you, if you get together, 
you can demand the public channel owned 
in the agricultural centers by the farmers 
and in the city by the residents of the 
city.” 
Dr. Day advocated terminal markets 
as a means of doing away with the waste 
efforts, time and transportation in food 
products, as one of the means of reducing 
the high cost to the consumer in all food 
products. He ridiculed the three bills 
which have already been introduced into 
the Legislature for the settlement of the 
milk dispute. 
At the conclusion of Dr. Day’s ad¬ 
dress John Y. Gerow of Washingtonville, 
who for more than 10 years Was presi¬ 
dent of the League, in response to a re¬ 
quest. ascended to the Speaker’s chair 
and delivered what proved to be the 
speech of the day. Mr. Gcrow’s fiery de¬ 
nunciation of “organized capital” was 
thoroughly enjoyed by his large audience, 
and at. the close of his impromptu ad¬ 
dress, lasting nearly an hour, he was the 
recipient of many congratulations and 
thanks for “telling the truth concerning 
the milk distributors in New York City.” 
The evening session, held in the As¬ 
sembly chamber, was attended by tlie 
largest audience which has greeted any 
speaker of (lie State society in many 
years. Speaker Thaddeus C. Sweet, in a 
graceful speech, introduced United States 
Senator Thomas P. Gore of Oklahoma. 
The Senator proved a most cultured, 
graceful speaker, holding his audience for 
more than an hour, telling of the wonder¬ 
ful wealth, both agricultural and of man¬ 
ufactures. of the United States. The 
statistics he quoted were really interest¬ 
ing: his Southern stories caused loud 
laughter; he touched on grave govern¬ 
mental problems such as railroad owner¬ 
ship ; the league of nations—which he did 
not favor—and such was his personal 
charm that not one person in the large 
audience left the chamber until after 
the conclusion of his address. 
At the business session Wednesday 
morning President C. Fred Boshart was 
re-elected president; the treasurer and 
secretary were also re-elected : the vice- 
presidents chosen were as follows: First 
District. James A. D. S. Findlay. Wash¬ 
ingtonville; Second District, II. B. Ful¬ 
lerton, Medford; Third District, Gilbert 
M. Tucker, Jr., Albany; Fourth District, 
George W. Sisson. Jr., Potsdam; Fifth 
District. W. N. Giles, Skaneateles; Sixth 
District. ,T. U. Pembleton, Owego; Sev¬ 
enth District. W. P. Schenek, Avon; 
Eighth District. F. N. Godfrey, Glean; 
Ninth District, F. A. Taber, Pough¬ 
keepsie. 
At the conclusion of the business meet¬ 
ing Commissioner of Agriculture Wilson 
told of his plans for inducing returning 
soldiers to settle on New York State 
farms; the work of the State Grange was 
narrated by its Master, S. .T. Lowell; 
Marc W. Cole, secretary of the Patriotic 
Farmers’ Fund, told of the operations of 
that fund, which now has more than 
$800,000 loaned out in small amounts to 
farmers; S. L. Strivings of Castile gave 
an admirable address on the Farm P»u- 
reau as an agency for public education ; 
there were short talks on “Rural Health” 
by B. R. Richards of the State Health 
Department; the “Work Done bv State- 
owned Ditchers in 191S” by Prof. B. B. 
Robb of Cornell, who demonstrated the 
method by a miniature power ditcher run 
by electric current; and the work done by 
the State-owned tractors on more than 
500 State farms last year was told by F. 
G. Behrends of the State Food Commis¬ 
sion. 
The concluding session of the meeting, 
presided over by F. W. Sessions of Utica, 
was devoted to a consideration of the dog 
law. This session was largely attended 
by farmers from many parts of the State 
who participated in the discussion of the 
dog versus sheep. Henry L. Wardwell of 
New York and Springfield Center and 
Andrew Schriver of Chester were the 
principal participants in this discussion. 
Give Apple Trees a “Rest” 
I would like to ask a question about my 
apple orchard, which is 23 years old. con¬ 
sisting of Baldwin, Snow, and Grimes 
Golden, on high ground, southern slope, 
strong loam ; one-half is manured one year 
and then the other half; rye put in every 
Fall to plow under; trees are large, 
pruned every year; a couple of these at 
the end are in sod and bear the finest 
apples, by a long way. Of course I 
spray. Do you think that cultivating 
makes too much wood at the expense of 
fruit? Would it be wiser to sow this or¬ 
chard to grass? I have always cultivated 
it clean; no weeds allowed, but I fear 
with the grass they may grow small. I 
shall be very thankful for a little help in 
the matter. p. e. l. 
Central Michigan. 
Of course, any reply to such a question, 
without seeing the trees or the soil, must 
be general. If the trees now in sod bear 
finer apples we should conclude that the 
trees need what some fruit growers call 
a “rest.” Sometimes when trees have 
been fully cultivated for a few years or 
well manured, they seem to neglect the 
habit of forming fruit buds and make too 
much growth without growing a good 
yield of fruit. When trees in that con¬ 
dition are left in sod two or three years 
they stop growing .so rapidly and make 
more fruit buds. After a few years of 
this sod culture it may be necessary to 
plow and cultivate once more. That will 
depend on the soil and the fruit grower 
must use his judgment. There is no 
doubt that in some cases continued culti¬ 
vation does induce the tree to make 
wood growth at the expense of fruit buds. 
We should put at least, part of that or¬ 
chard in grass, use acid phosphate this 
season and .cut the grass at least twice— 
jotfintr if r nt on the ground. 
