Farm Mechanics 
E/><? RURAL NEW-YORKER 
1G5 
i . ... 
Carrier for Fodder Cutter 
I wish to construct a 14-ft. carrier to 
my fodder cutter, to deliver to right side. 
Would it be practical to run this with a 
bolt (carrier ) from fodder cutter, neces¬ 
sitating a twist in belt from cutter to car¬ 
rier? What size pulley would you ad¬ 
vise on carrier, and on cutter? Engine. 
4 h.p . 400 revolutions per minute, pulley 
KOa in.: pulley on carrier, 12 in. How 
wide a belt would you advise from cutter 
to carrier, and how wide, in inches, would 
you build carrier? My idea was to use a 
single 5-in. belt to carry fodder, with 
cleats nailed every 14 in. on same, or 
would you advise to use two belts, one 
on each side, next to wall of carrier, with 
cleats nailed across every 14 in.? j. a, t. 
Coldwater. X. Y. 
I would expect any arrangement of a 
quarter-twist belt that you would be able 
to make in this way would be likely to 
give you endless trouble. Is there not 
some way that this carrier to the right 
may bo avoided? If there is, this would 
be the easiest way out. If there is no 
possible way to get around it. I would 
advise the m-e of a bevel gear to drive the 
carrier. This would permit the use of a 
straight belt, and I think would give bet¬ 
ter satisfaction in many ways. Suitable 
gears and shafting could no doubt be ob¬ 
tained from an old binder or from the 
old iron pile of the nearest junk dealer. 
A 2-in. belt should be wide enough to 
drive the carrier successfully, but I am 
unable to tell you much about the proper 
size pulleys to use. with this machine, as 
it is no longer manufactured, although re¬ 
pair parts can still be obtained for it. In 
regard to the construction of the carrier 
itself, I think That you will find two nar¬ 
row belts, -say IF, to 2 in. in width, 
placed one on each side of the carrier, 
with the slats nailed across, will work 
better than having one wide belt in the 
center, and, incidentally, will cost less to 
construct. The bottom of the carrier 
should be smooth and tight and the sides 
should be high enough so that the top 
may be covered in windy weather, and in 
this way much material saved. Study of 
otner carriers of a similar type will do 
much to help you in the construction of 
this one. r. h < g < 
for it. That is. if a 10-foot fall can be 
secured, there is water enough, if the 
figures given me were correct, to develop 
about 16.5 horsepower, and with a rea¬ 
sonably efficient wheel correctly set up. 
at Ieast three-fourths or 75 per cent of 
this should be secured; at least 10 horse 
power, to be conservative. r. h. s. 
Storage for Apples 
Is a building erected with tight founda- 
tiou. the sides made with two air spaces 
of boards with paper lining between each 
air space, suitable for keeping apples 
from freezing in Winter? Would it keep 
!r, n -' 111 J e!l r]; v Fal1 months without 
leliigeratioD i Mould a building of this 
,ar *d need any ventilating? c I x 
W bite Plains. X. Y. 
Construction of Water Wheel 
Mill you give me some information 
about water wheels? Last Fall I made 
one as nearly as I could from a descrip¬ 
tion T saw in a magazine. It is about 
five feet in diameter. 4*4 feet long, hung 
in a flume six inches deep. The wheel 
turns fully 25 revolutions a minute, with 
the flume full of water, but does not 
seem to develop much power; not enough 
to run a drag saw. Where, probably, is 
the difficulty? • jdg 
Cassville. X. Y. 
From your description I take this 
wheel to be one of the undershot type, or 
a current wheel, as it is sometimes called. 
In this type of wheel a considerable quan¬ 
tity of water is used which does work 
only by the velocity of the current imping¬ 
ing against the lower float boards of the 
wheel, such a wheel being very wasteful 
ot power. M ater is capable of doing 
work because of its great weight, and to 
utilize this weight it must be in a posi¬ 
tion to fall, and in falling can be har¬ 
nessed and made to give up its energy in 
useful work, the same as any falling 
body. The overshot wheel, in which the 
water is introduced at the top side and 
flows down over the wheel, turning it by 
its weight, utilizes the weight of the 
water to good advantage, and if the shape 
ot the stream bed will permit running a 
pipe or flume from a point upstream and 
discharging it at the top of a wheel eight 
to 10 feet in diameter, you will have a 
very valuable power. If the stream does 
not have fall enough for this I should 
judge from your letter that you had water 
enough to operate a small turbine* 
You note that the water flows six 
inchee deep in a flume 4*4 feet wide, and 
that a wheel five feet in diameter hung in 
this flume makes 25 revolutions per min¬ 
ute. This means that the water is flow¬ 
ing down the flume with a velocity of 
562.7 feet per minutes, and if this is the 
case there must be a discharge of about 
cubic feet per minute. If all this is 
true, there is enough water going through 
your flume to develop 1.04 horsepower for 
every foot of fall that you can secure 
During the past few years the so-called 
dead-air space has been largely aban¬ 
doned as a means of securing heat insula¬ 
tion. It has been found that no matter 
what the thickness of the dead-air space 
that the air exposed to the warm side of 
the wall will be warmed slightly and this 
warming, of course, expands it to a slight 
degree and makes it somewhat lighter. 
As soon as this happens a circulation is 
started, its velocity depending upon the 
difference in temperature on the two sides 
of the wall, and the thickness and insu¬ 
lating qualities of the shells, and alt the 
air in the enclosed space is thus brought 
first in contact with the warm side of the 
wall and the heat so absorbed carried 
over and given up to the cold side. Aside 
from this difficulty it calls for excellent 
construction, betfer than such a building 
is likely to receive, to make the spaces air¬ 
tight in the first place. 
As a preventive measure, to stop thies 
circulation of air, walls are stuffed with 
planer shavings after being lined -with 
building paper outside and in. to iusure 
that the planer shavings will be kept dry. 
The weight of shavings needed for this 
"°rk will depend to some extent upon the 
kind of wood from which they are made, 
and also to some extent upon the tightness 
with which they are packed, but a fair 
average is from seven to nine pounds per 
cubic foot. Sawdust is not as satisfactory 
for this insulating material as the shav¬ 
ings. as it usually comes from green lum- 
-ber instead of dry, as do the shavings, 
and furthermore it packs differently and 
does not have the insulating qualities of 
dry shavings. Provision must also be 
made to keep this insulated wall dry in its 1 
interior, for should the shavings with 
which it is packed become damp, their 
ability to prevent the passage of heat is 
greatly reduced. 
\ enElation is needed, but the ventil¬ 
ators. while ample in size, should be so 
made that they can be closely shut when 
needed, to prevent the passage of heat 
either from the outside in, or in the re¬ 
verse direction, as the case may require. 
They are especially useful in the Fall, 
the building being opened at night, allow¬ 
ing heat to escape, and then closed early 
the following morning before the outside 
day heat has an opportunity to get in. 
M hat appears to be the best type of farm 
storage house, and one in which the tem¬ 
perature is most easily controlled within 
certain limits, is built largely in the 
ground, a side hill being used for the loca¬ 
tion. with only the roof above ground. 
These are described quite fully in Farm¬ 
ers' Bulletins Xo. 847 and S79. which 
can be obtained on request from the De¬ 
partment of Agriculture. r. h. s. 
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1818 
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