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Live Stock Matters 
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(Continued from page 1S6) 
many farm operations have of necessity 
been modified owing to the shortage of 
labor, and let us hope that we will pursue 
the necessary readjustment with caution 
and the highest degree of intelligence. 
Answering your question in the con¬ 
crete as to a useful ration for idle horses 
and mules during the Winter months, let 
me say that my first choice would be oat 
and pea hay roughage and ear corn as a 
concentrate. Evidently you do not have 
any oat and pea hay, and the second 
choice, Timothy and clover hay, must be 
substituted. Assuming that the mules 
weigh 800 or 900 pounds apiece and the 
horses from 900 to 1,200, and that they are 
running loose in the barnyard during the 
daytime and taken up into stalls or pad- 
docks at night, I would feed them the corn 
fodder in the barnyard in either racks or 
spread the stalks on the ground, leaving 
them just enough of this roughage to 
clean tip in an hour’s time. This will 
mean 10 or 12 pounds per animal per day. 
In addition I would give them eight 
pounds of the mixed hay, preferably at 
night, and would give them two feedings 
of ear corn, one in the morning and the 
other at night. If the animals were in 
good, vigorous condition, I would not give 
the mules more than five or six pounds per 
day, nor the horses more than seven 
pounds per day. If they were in high 
flesh I would reduce the amount of grain 
still further. I am satisfied that work 
horses should not gain in flesh during the 
Winter months. If they are thin in the 
Fall and fat in the Spring, it simply 
means that this surplus amount of soft 
flesh must be worked off before the horses 
can be hardened into performing a full 
day’s work, for it has been demonstrated 
that the only flesh worth while on a work 
horse is that put on while he is working, 
rather than while he is idle. 
As Spring approaches I would add 
some oats and oilmoal to the ration, mak¬ 
ing sure that the horses were not infested 
with worms, which is very apt to follow 
wintering on a ration of cornstalks, Tim¬ 
othy hay and corn. A horse should be 
fed in accordance with the amount of 
work performed, and it is surprising to 
find out how little grain is actually re¬ 
quired to maintain idle horses that have 
access to such roughage as you have avail¬ 
able. 
Horseflesh for Pigs; Bots; Indigestion 
1. I have 14 50-lb. pigs making rapid 
gains on self-fed corn and tankage. I 
have just killed a sound but practically 
worthless old horse and should like to 
feed up the meat in place of tankage, 
preserving the self-feeding feature as far 
as possible. If I allow free access to 
corn, in what proportion should I feed the 
horsemeat ? Should it be fed boiled, or 
raw? If I had some method of drying 
this meat cheaply, by heat or the use of 
some such absorbent as ground Alfalfa, I 
could grind it in my feed mill and feed in 
a self-feeder; but I do not know how to 
fit this meat for grinding. Perhaps you 
can enlighten me. I am afraid that if 
the meat were fed in chunks in a trough 
to which the pigs had free access they 
would gorge themselves. on it. 2. The 
stomach of this horse was fairly lined 
with bots, and I wonder if m.v other 
horses may not be so affected. IIow can 
I treat them? 3. A 1,300-lb. draft horse 
has a ravenous appetite and eats a lot of 
salt, a cake of which is constantly in his 
feed box. The ration which keeps his 
team mate in good shape does not keep 
him looking so well. I imagine he has 
worms. What is a good “wormer” for 
such a horse ? R- L. S. 
Mercer Co., N. J. 
1. It would not he feasible for you to 
grind the horsemeat as suggested, for the 
flesh would gum up any ordinary grinder, 
and with the amount of moisture that it 
would contain, since it would be impos¬ 
sible for you to dry the ground material, 
it would soon decompose. Furthermore, 
there is a great difference between 
digester tankage and flesh of this sort. 
About 50 per cent of digester tankage is 
and again dried, mixed and bagged. The 
flesh from this horse would best be 
cooked and fed to the pigs in small quan¬ 
tities. Of course, if the weather is cold 
the carcass will remain frozen, and pieces 
might be sawed off and cooked if facili¬ 
ties arc available. This material should 
be considered more as an appetizer rather 
than a real source of food ; nevertheless it 
will supply protein in economical form. 
It would be difficult to state just how 
much of this material should be fed daily. 
I would suggest that not more than one- 
fourth of a pound per day per animal for 
a pig weighing 50 lbs. This might be in¬ 
creased to half a pound later on, but this 
ought to serve the purpose desired and 
no bad results will follow unless the car¬ 
cass thaws out and begins to decompose. 
2. All horses that run to pasture are 
probably infested with bots in the stom¬ 
ach, resulting from nibbling at the eggs 
which are deposited by the hot fly on the 
hairs of the leg during the Summer sea¬ 
son. It is uot an easy matter to release 
these pests, although veterinarians often 
recommend the use of bisulphide of carbon 
in capsules. The bots, as you know, are 
the larva} of the bot-fly that is so annoy¬ 
ing during the Summer months, and dur¬ 
ing the incubation period of these flies 
their heads literally stick to the walls of 
the stomach. The elimination of these 
suckers is a job for the veterinarian 
rather than for the layman. 
3. It is evident that the horse with the 
ravenous appetite is infested with worms, 
or possibly his teeth are in such a condi¬ 
tion that he is not able thoroughly to mas¬ 
ticate his food. The common remedy is 
to take equal parts of ferrous sulphate 
and powdered gentian, mix these two in¬ 
gredients together and place a heaping 
tablespoonful on the feed twice daily, 
morning and evening, for four or five 
days. Follow this with a purge, using 
either the physic ball or raw linseed oil, 
which will oust the parasites after they 
have been loosened by the sulphate. This 
purge should be followed by a brau mash. 
Make sure that the horse is not bolting his 
food, and if you cut some hay and mix 
this with the grain in order to induce him 
to eat more slowly your problem might be 
partially solved. A ratiou consisting of 
equal parts of corn, oats and brau, with 
10 per cent of oilmeal added, should be 
used, and he should be limited to 1 lb. of 
hay per day for each 100 lbs. of live 
weight; in other words, a horse weighing 
1,000 lbs. should not be given more than 
10 lbs. per day. Make sure that his teeth 
are in good condition, for indigestion 
among horses is often indicated by depos¬ 
its on the teeth and a characteristic foul¬ 
ness of breath. Liberal use of bicar¬ 
bonate of soda will often correct this con¬ 
dition. 
Inbreeding 
I have a registered ITolstein-Friesian 
cow. I have a sire (her offspring), born 
November 22, 1917. There is no other 
purebred sire known to be nearer than 
live miles. There are little red bulls sup¬ 
posedly Durham breed, right around me. 
Which would you advise me to use? This 
is the only registered cow I have. J. F. F. 
Ottsville, Pa. 
If the Holstein cow in question was 
well grown and does not evidence any con¬ 
stitutional weakness, I would prefer 
breeding lien to her own son rather than 
to crossbreed her to a Durham bull. In- 
breeding, or the mating of animals so 
closely related, is very apt to decrease 
size, weaken the generative organs, pro¬ 
duce shy breeders and bring out imper¬ 
fections of conformation that often de¬ 
tract from the usefulness of the animal. 
I have known instances, however, wliei-e 
the practice resulted in improving and 
fixing the type. If you want to raise the 
calf, I would prefer mating her in this 
way, although if you have facilities 
for taking this cow to the neighbor’s farm 
five miles away for a purebred sire’s ser¬ 
vice, this would perhaps be the best solu¬ 
tion of your problem. On the other hand, 
if the cow is not especially valuable and 
you are not anxious to raise the calf, no 
harm would result from mating her to a 
Durham bull. 
supposed to be blood from slaughtered an¬ 
imals, which is collected at the abattoir 
and run into the digester, the water 
driven off, after which the material is 
ground and mixed with certain other 
waste products from the slaughter house, 
Cooking Sciiooe Teacher : Did your 
husband like the doughnuts you made 
him? Mrs. Youngbrido: Yes; he re¬ 
marked that if I could only make them 
large enough he could save on his auto¬ 
mobile tire bills—Boston Transcript. 
