209 
7ht RURAL NEW.YORKER 
Inexpensive Hothouses for Early Plants 
Save Money 
Part II. 
Temperature for Seeding. —The bulb 
of a thermometer is placed two inches 
deep in the soil, and when it reaches 65 
degrees F., the soil is ready for the seed. 
This insures quick, even germination, and 
the seedlings come up in four or five 
days. If the soil or house is cool at this 
time the plants may get an uneven start, 
P“ 
The Wire Hoe. Fig. 56 
from which they would never recover. 
Rate and Method of Seeding. —The 
seed for tomatoes is planted at the rate 
of one ounce for each acre of tomatoes 
that is to be grown. The rows are six 
inches apart from center to center, cross¬ 
wise of the benches, and with the edge of 
a board they are opened up about an inch 
deep and three inches wide. The seed 
is scattered over this three-inch row, 
Pepper Box Seeder. Fig. 57 
from 100 to 150 seeds per foot now being 
used (Fig. 53). Thus an ounce of seed 
will require 40 square feet of bench 
space. The seeding is quickly done with 
the aid of a tin baking powder can with 
a perforated top. This can is fastened 
to a stick (Fig. 57) so that the seeds can 
be shaken out, just as pepper is shaken 
from a pepper box. This enables the 
operator to reach with ease the back end 
of the rows. The seeds are quickly eov- 
aid of homemade wooden tweezers (Fig. 
59). 
Producing Healthy Plants. — The 
very common and distinctive “damping 
off” of the seedlings is guarded against 
and materially avoided by observing cer¬ 
tain principles in the arrangement of the 
plant bed: 
1. Excessive crowding of the seedlings 
is avoided. 
2. A gradual change of air is provided 
whenever the proper temperature can be 
maintained. 
3. Watering is done seldom, but gen¬ 
erously. and only on bright mornings, so 
that the seedlings and the surface of the 
soil will dry quickly. 
4. The soil is stirred frequently, so 
that the surface will be mellow and dry 
instead of crusty and musty. 
Hardening Off.— In three or four 
weeks after sowing the seed the plants 
will be about three inches high. Special 
care is exercised during the following 
days to get the plants hardened off, so 
that they will be in the best possible con¬ 
dition for the change to the cold frames. 
The fire is allowed to go out, and abund¬ 
ant ventilation is provided. Too much 
heat or a lack of ventilation at this time 
will quickly make the plants excessively 
long and tender, so that the stems will 
rot when the plants are se’t in cold soil, 
and unless water is judiciously withheld 
the seedlings will have a small root sys¬ 
tem. Within five weeks after seeding the 
plants are about four inches high (Fig. 
57), strong and sturdy, ready for the cold 
frames. b. w. de baun. 
Soy Beans for Soil Improvement 
I would like to know about Soy or 
Soja beans in regard to improving the 
Strong Young Plants Beady for the Gold Frames. Fig. 58 
ered one-half inch deep by simply level¬ 
ing the soil with a lath or stick. 
Management of House. —The hay 
may be left on the glass continuously 
until the seed is sprouted. Then it is 
removed at once to permit the entrance 
of all the light possible, and the tempera¬ 
ture is reduced to about 60 degrees F. 
during the day, so that the tiny seedlings 
will be short and stocky, with the two 
seed leaves spread out near the ground. 
Excess of heat or lack of light at this 
Wooden Ticeezers for Thinning Seedlings 
Fig. 59 
time will cause the plants to run up 
spindling in a few hours. After the little 
seedlings become established the temper¬ 
ature is maintained at about 70 degrees 
F. during the day and at about 55 de¬ 
grees at night. Thg soil between the 
rows is frequently stirred with a “wire” 
hoe,” which is made of a piece of heavy 
wire attached to a piece of a broom han¬ 
dle about two feet long (Fig. 561. Ex¬ 
cessive crowding of the seedlings is 
avoided by the system of planting, and if 
they stand too close the thick spots are 
very quickly thinned, especially with the 
land, if they are as good for the land 
when let stand for seed as they are when 
cut for hay when green. Are Soy or Soja 
beans likely to do well on ground first 
year after clearing? g. e.b. 
Hampton, Ya. 
The name Soja and Soy refer to the 
same species of beau, of which there are 
many varieties. Since they belong to 
the order of leguminosre, they carry like 
other legumes the parasitic bacteria which 
get and fix nitrogen. Hence they are of 
benefit to the soil. Their greatest acqui¬ 
sition of nitrogen is made where they 
stand to full maturity, but the removal 
of the beans will carry off a large per¬ 
centage of the nitrogen. There is a 
machine which will gather the beans 
when planted in lows, and will cut and 
leave on the land the whole growth of 
top and the hulls of the pods, and these 
plowed under wil: be of great help to 
the soil. My own opinion of the best 
use to make of the plant and of most 
other legumes is to cut and cure for hay 
and feed to stock, and return the manure 
to the land which grew them. We can 
get in this way a valuable food crop, and 
can recover fully SO per cent of the 
manurial value of the forage by saving 
the droppings and spreading the manure 
on the land as fast as made. On new 
laud where the crop has never been sown 
it will be important to g , „ an artificial 
culture of the Soy bean bacteria and 
inoculate the seed before planting. 
w. F. MASSEY. 
70% 
The finest that skill and science can produce direct from 
our upland nurseries to you at wholesale prices. 
'n our busine ss comes from old customers, we give them satisfactory 
. - stock and service—that's the answer. After a man has once had our 
trees—he knows he will get what he wants if he orders from us and he knows Maloney 
sells at cost of production plus one profit so the price will be right. 
Now is the time to get started in the fruit business—acre for acre—an orchard pays much better 
than any other crop. But start right. Get absolutely healthy true to name stock. 
We know the varieties sent you are just what you order, because 
they are raised, packed and shipped under our personal supervision. 
,nu swh y we give every customer an absolutely binding guarantee. 
Thats why in 35 years we have built up the largest nurseries in 
New York State. It will pay you to send for our catalog and start 
your orchard right. 
mmjBs 
R0SES 
m 
iTD 
^ JT Westminster, Erie , Pa., Oct. 20. 1918 
Gentlemen .— 
/ am pleased to advise that the two-year Stay man*s Winesap 
bought of you, are now four years old and full of fine fruit . 
lour trees cei'tainly do hear young. F. F. FIEDLER. 
Send for our big, free Wholesale Illustrated Catalog:. It explains 
why we can sell better trees for less than one-half the price you can 
purchase them from any agent. Absolute satisfaction guaranteed 
or money refunded. 
We prepay Transportation Charges on all orders for over $4.00 
MALONEY BROS. & WELLS CO. 
47 East Street, Dansville, New York 
Dansville's Pioneer Wholesale Business 
INTRODUCTORY 
OFFER: 
3 Bearing Age, 8-ft. 
Trees for $1.98 
1 Baldwin Standard Apple 
1 Bartlett Standard Pear 
1 Montmorency Sour Cherry 
I Wholesale, 
Catalo^FREE 
Fruit Trees 
That Yield 
Bigger Crops 
The bud controls the quality and quantity of 
the fruit. "We bud from selected trees in 
bearing orchards. Such trees bear earlier, 
yield heavier and produce fruit of superior 
quality. Start right with Harrisons’ Quality 
Trees—vigorous, healthy and hardy. Grown 
under our personal supervision. Beautify 
your home with our Evergreens and Norway 
Maples. Write for 1919 Catalog — today. 
Harrisons*Nurseries, Box 14, Berlin,Md. 
REES at Half Asents [rices 
Fruit Trees—Vines—Berries—Shrubs— 
Ornamentals—Roses 
__ Bearing Age Trees a Specialty 
FREE WHOLESALE CATALOG contains plant¬ 
ing and growing instructions. 
THE WM. J. REILLY NURSERIES 
64 Ossian Street, . Dansville, N. Y. 
JONES’ NUT TREES 
My hardy Pennsylvania-grown 
trees are the best obtainable. 
Pecans, English and BlackWnl- 
nut,8hagbarks, etc..all budded 
or grafted trees, no seedlings. 
Attractive catalogue free. 
J. F. JONES, gScXSU 
Box R. Lancaster, Pa 
Grapes are Food- 
healthful, delicious, refreshing. Every garden 
should have a few vines of the best kinds for 
home use. 
Hubbard’s Grape Catalog for 1919 
lists only the sorts that are suitable for home 
planting. Send for a copy today, and start 
growing grapes this year. 
T. S. HUBBARD CO.. Box 20, Fredonia, N. Y. 
SSMRAPE-VINES 
69 varieties. Also Small Fruits, Trees, etc. Best rooted 
stock, Genuine, cheap, ^sample vines mailed for 10c. Des¬ 
criptive catalog free. LEWIS EOESCH.BoxL.Fredonia,N.Y. 
MEEDS 
And you’ll do better with your 
farm and garden. Page-Philipp* 
Vegetable, Flower and Field Seeds 
ARE reliable. Always tested for 
purity and vitality. Sample* 
of grass and clover seeds sent 
free for your own test. 
1919 Catalog Sent Free 
Lists reliable Seeds for every 
farm and garden need. Prac¬ 
tical cultural directions will help 
you raise bigger and better crops. 
Write today for your copy. A 
postal wiil do. 
THE PAGE-PHILIPPS SEED CO. 
Dept. E, Toledo, Ohio 
Established 1S53 
BIG PROFITS 
Growing Strawberries 
$300 to $500 
Per A. 
made by beginners 
following 
“KEITH’S WAYS 
SUCCESSFUL BERRY CULTURE” 
i can save you $2 to $5 per 1,000 
on plants. Plant growing is our 
specialty. Buy our Guaranteed strong, 
true-to-name plants. Money back if not 
satisfactory. Send today for our 1919 Year 
Book in colors, on small fruits. It’s Free. 
KEITH BROS. NURSERY, Box 400, Sawyer, Mich. 
Boy Strawberries 
Biffsrer, Sweeter, and more pro¬ 
ductive than any other everbear¬ 
ing strawberries. Fruits on 
spring set plants from June to 
November in the North and 
the year-round in the South. 
Our 20th Century Catalog 
fully describes this ana 
more than fifty of the best 
standard varieties straw¬ 
berries, also other smalt 
fruit plants. S<. nd postal 
today. 
W. TOWNSEND & SON 
R.R. No. 25, Salisbury, Md. 
STRAWBERRY PLANTS 
We have ten of the best kinds selected out of a hun¬ 
dred—Early, Midseason and Late. A Iso CABBAGE. CEL¬ 
ERY. TOMATO. PEPPER. SWEET POTATO PLANTS in season. 
Send for our 1919 price list. Caleb ltoggs & Son, 
ROMANCE SEED AND PLANT FARM. Cheswold, Delaware 
Strawberry Plants 
1,000,000 AT BARGAIN PRICES 
H. Graf. Berks Co., Fa., says: “I never received such nice 
plants.” Write today for free Catalog about the Straw¬ 
berry. A Money Crop. C. 8. Perdue. Box 20, Showed, Md 
MILLION STRAWBERRY Raspberry Plant* 
Fruit Trees, Rhubarb. Asparagus roots, vegetable plants 
and seed potatoes. Catalog free. Michael N. Borgo, Vineland, N. J. 
Strawberry 
PLANTS. Money Making Varieties. Catalog 
Free. BASIL FERRY, Georgetown, Dei. 
“ e WASHINGTON 
si&Aspara gus 
Originated by the U. S. Department of Agriculture on 
this farm. Write for piice list. 
Mrs. C. W. PRESCOTT, - Concord, Mass. 
Buy Trees Direct 
Save Agents’ Profits on fruit and ornamental trees, 
shrubs, small fruits, hedgings, roses^etc. We give you 
Big Discount from Agents’ Prices. We pay all freight 
or express charges to your station. Not a single dissatis¬ 
fied customer last year. FREE catalog and information. 
WM. P. IICPEBT As SOX, Box S4, Seneca, hi. Y. 
VICK’S J* GUIDE 
For 70 years the leading authority 1 
Now on Vegetable, Flower and F&riu For | 
rj , Seeds, Plant* and Bulbs. Better . n . n 
Keaay than ever. Send for free cop y today. 19 19 
JAMES VICK’S SONS Roche.ter, N. Y. 
39 Stone Street the Flower Pity 
TOBACCO OUST Hisl \ in r°» a i h and 
1 v 1 e«n— tor garden and onion 
land fertilizing. Also useful to sprinkle in hens' 
nests. $5 per ewt. lbs. D. TRASS, Madison, Ohio 
Old Virginia Ensilage Corn 
The Greatest Silo Filler 
A crop from two acres filled a 10 x 28-foot silo. Will 
any other variety do as well ? 
Old Virginia yields more per acre, bigger ears, is early 
enough, and sweeter than any other variety—so say ex¬ 
perienced dairymen. It has every good quality an 
ensilage corn should have. 
Ford’s 1919 Catalogue tells what users think about 
it, shows pictures, give sthe price. Lists farm, 
vegetable and flower seeds. Send today for a 
free copy. J 
FORD SEED CO., Box 24, Ravenna, Ohio 
