<Ibe RURAL NEW-YORKER 
223 
New York State Horticultural Society 
(Continued from page 221) 
but Prof. Chandler said that from his 
observation during the past Summer he 
did not believe that this should be done 
before the end of the Summer’s growth 
after the injury. In ease of trees three or 
four years of age, and perhaps even older, 
where nearly all of the branches showed 
crotch injury, it might often be wise to 
cut the tree off below where any sap 
wood injury is apparent, and cleft-graft, 
using scions one to two feet long. 
“It may now be well to inquire,” said 
Prof. Chandler, “as to whether or not 
the large number of trees killed or ser¬ 
iously injured makes this a good time to 
plant orchards. In the case of peaches 
it should be considered that not only has 
the possible yield in New York been 
greatly reduced, but in some other com¬ 
peting sections the injury has been even 
worse. It seems unquestionably true, 
then, that for the trained peach grower 
with a good location this is a very oppor¬ 
tune time to plant peaches. With apples 
we cannot be so certain. While very 
many trees have been killed or injured, 
they have generally not been in the best 
producing sections, and it is doubtful if 
they will reduce the yield enough to be 
noticeable in comparison with the ordi¬ 
nary fluctuations in apple yields. With 
apples I sincerely believe that for the 
man whose character, location and ex¬ 
perience fit him for the hazardous task 
of fruit growing, any time is opportune 
for planting.” 
Dr. W. H. Jordan addressed the meet¬ 
ing on “The Agricultural Outlook.” 
“England,” he said, “increased her bread 
supply fourfold, and maintained her live 
stock during the war, showing possibili¬ 
ties of the soil to produce food. France 
did not maintain her agricultural produc¬ 
tion. Italy reports decreased production. 
There is sufficient breeding stock left in 
most countries. Their greatest needs are 
seeds, fertilizers, agricultural machinery 
and food. This is the report of our 
agricultural commission that has returned 
from Europe. The time is come when 
we should realize we have a community 
of interests. No policy should take in 
account only one class or one interest. 
All institutions and societies should be 
open and democratic. Let all persons 
and societies get the points of view of 
other people and societies and form mu¬ 
tual policies. Skilled artisans and me¬ 
chanics are getting far higher wages than 
your son can earn if he stays on the 
farm and works with you. As farmers 
take the initiative in knowing what is 
for their own interest and rightly work¬ 
ing for them is the outlook bright.” Geo. 
T. Powell endorsed Dr. Jordan’s address 
and said labor unions are being extended 
to farm labor. The farmer may have to 
pay union prices for regular and over¬ 
time work. 
Dr. Eugene II. Porter. Foods and Mar¬ 
ket Commissioner, spoke on “Has the 
Foods and Market Department Helped 
the Fruit Grower?” lie said we have 
not given sufficient attention to the mar¬ 
ket end of the farming business. Mar- 
keting is still an undeveloped science. 
When we have the surplus of millions of 
farms to market we have an intricate 
problem, calling for most efficient ma¬ 
chinery of distribution. We have a sys¬ 
tem that has been growing a hundred 
years, and is not yet perfect, so we are 
trying to improve the system. “I have 
established a system of market reports.” 
said Dr. Porter, “which we send to every 
farmers’ organization that asks us to 
place them on our list. We have a 
service bureau that will investigate your 
complaints against buyers, if you ask for 
the investigation. We have also bureaus 
of transportation and information, and 
can furnish you names of commission 
men who are bonded and have a good 
record. Wo are making maps of New 
York City and we have located every 
dealer. Along the line of co-operation we 
are trying to benefit all classes. Pro¬ 
ducers must be organized before we can 
accomplish anything. Middlemen have 
fixed prices because producers are not 
well organized. They are not doing as 
much of it now as formerly. It is a 
business proposition to organize them to 
stand loyal to the organization, however 
much it tries the pocketbook. The better 
way is to organize with a binding con¬ 
tract. Success depends on a competent 
business manager for the organization. 
Stand by your organization, whether it 
is the Grange Exchange. Dairymen’s 
League, or Farm Bureau Association. 
Our department can help you to organize. 
This is one of the functions of the de¬ 
partment. We can help you to pack and 
grade and standardize produce. Labels 
should sell goods. We can help you to 
investigate the cost of production. There 
is a universal lack of information by 
farmers on this subject. We have read 
that the farmer receives 35 cents on the 
dollar the consumer pays. It may be 
true applied to some commodities—not 
to all. The wheat grower gets more, the 
butter and egg producers get more. 
It is true when applied to the 
truck grower. The middlemen must 
make profits according to wastes and cost 
of marketing. The middleman has less 
to do with the cost of distribution than 
the commodity itself. lie cannot to a 
large extent control butter prices, but lie 
can on lettuce and some vegetables. I 
come back to the principle of co-opera¬ 
tion as the solution of your problems, 
and warn you failures only come by shirk¬ 
ing responsibilities and duties.” w. i T . j. 
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