266 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
February 15, 1019 
BE LLEVU 
SPREADER 
3 ?*io 
New York State Horticultural Society 
Part III. 
The symposium on tractors and trucks 
was conducted by II. W. Riloy and Dr. 
Warren of Cornell University. Prof. 
Riley said the type now most common is 
with two drivers in the rear. This re¬ 
duces cost, makes it short-turning, is light 
in weight, and can bo used in more varied 
conditions. According to the laws of 
mechanics, if the farmer demands a short, 
light-weight, low-priced tractor, he must 
of necessity have small driving wheels. 
Kerosene burning tractors require more 
care to get full power from them than 
gasoline burning tractors. The best men 
to run the tractors are young men who 
have studied tractors. If the young men 
cannot go to schools that give courses on 
the subject, the next best thing is to 
study text books. To sum up, for New 
York State get a short tractor, 'with a 
high speed engine and small driving 
wheels, with greatest leverage on grouters, 
that is guaranteed to pull two plows. 
Dr. G. F. Warren gave a consensus of 
data on 54 farms. He said depreciation 
is the largest item. It is safe to figure 
25 per cent depreciation in 10 years, 
which is about the life of a tractor. The 
tractors cost an average t of about $000. 
fuel and lubricants amounted to 20 cents 
per houi*, and labor of man to run them 
35 cents. Good care will reduce the 
largest item, or depreciation. The aver¬ 
age cost of running the tractor, figuring 
interest and depreciation, was $1.25 per 
hour. They replaced about two horses 
per farm. In general the tractor has not 
decreased the cost of operating farms, 
but has increased the output of produce. 
Dr. G. II. Warren talked about “After 
War Problems.” He said that all the 
problems of the farmer are not found at 
the city terminals of railroads. “We 
want to improve conditions on farms so 
we can keep Americans on them, not 
European peasants living on their planes 
of life. Farmers have not kept pace with 
cities in making life worth while on them. 
In the last few years there has been a 
gradual increase in food costs. This 
seems inevitable. We have to use poorer 
land than formerly, and crops cost more 
on poor land. Food is becoming more 
expensive in terms of human labor. City 
people should know these things. Classes 
blame each other from lack of knowledge. 
It takes three hours of a farmer’s time 
to raise and deliver a bushel of wheat. 
Then there is the cost of storage, trans¬ 
portation and distribution. Figure what 
the wheat would cost the consumer if all 
got wages paid at the Ford automobile 
plant, which is $5 per day. You cannot 
put on civilization and efficiency as you 
would put on a coat. Our salvation is 
to put educated Americans on farms that 
will raise the standard of living and do 
better work, and get better pay for it. 
Every boy and girl should have an op¬ 
portunity to get a high school education. 
There should be free universal education 
from the kindergarten up. Boys and girls 
go to town for more pay and social re¬ 
creation. Let recreation be provided by 
country high schools. Wars are followed 
by unemployment and panics unless pre¬ 
vented by special measures. Now is the 
time to carry on public works, as road 
building, to absorb labor during the per¬ 
iod of readjustment. We can also build 
public buildings, as schoolhouses, etc.” 
lie said no farm land should be held 
continuously as tenant farms and private 
ownership should be made possible 
through an improved Federal land bank 
that will lend money to buyer. It is a 
good time for the right young man to 
buy a farm. Land has not risen in price 
as have commodities. 
“Co-operation and Its Accomplishments 
in New England” was the subject of an 
address by Howard W. Selby, general 
manager of the Eastern Farmers’ Ex¬ 
change at Springfield, Mass. He said 
our problems are not peculiar or isolated. 
They have many elements in which they 
are common in all localities. “One of 
our problems has been to cope with the 
weakness in the smaller units or branches 
of the exchange. It has purchased sup¬ 
plies for farmers which they have not 
accepted because of lack of, co-operation 
and good financial management in these 
units. Our general plans are a co-opera¬ 
tive purchasing of supplies and distribu¬ 
tion of farm products. We start with 
an overhead central agency, and build 
downward, the local county units. The 
county manager is paid a salary and de¬ 
votes his entire time. The main pur¬ 
chases have been grains and fertilizers. 
We have saved the farmer several dollars 
per ton on cattle feeds. We are hand¬ 
ling feeds ou uu overhead expense of 
two per cent. The result has been the 
stabilizing of the sale of dairy feeds. 
Standard feeds are milled under the direc¬ 
tion of our exchange. We take the whole 
output of some mills. The commercial 
fertilizer situation is handled iu the same 
way. Farmers borrow at our banks on 
their notes to pay for purchases. Borrow 
your money from banks and pay cash. 
Make arrangements with your bank for 
such credits. Our only warehouse is the 
car, so save warehouse expenses. Far¬ 
mers take the supplies from the car door, 
and we can reduce the price to him be¬ 
cause he does it. Co-operation is making 
better farmers. They are doing more 
business and saving more money.” 
Answers to Questions. —Mr. Cornell 
said about planting pears that it depends 
on the man. There is now the best out¬ 
look of any time. “Our main difficulty is 
blight, some varieties, like Clapp, are being 
entirely wiped out in some sections. Bose 
is one of the best, but is slow in growing 
and means a long wait. After the Bose 
has matured somewhat it is a strong 
grower in the orchard. The Seckel is 
the most desirable pear I know. It is 
the freest from blight. I never lose an 
old tree. It will bring more money than 
any other kin<^ This year T sold at the 
rate of $22 per barrel. The hardest 
fruit to grow in New York is the pear. 
We have blight, psylla, and they are 
serious propositions. I would first plant 
Seckel. then Bartletts and Anjou, and 
graft part of the latter to Bose.” 
President Rogers said he believed now 
is the time to plant, fruit of all kinds. 
Prof. Hedrick said the Middleburg plum 
is a good kind, high quality. German and 
Italian and York State prunes are the 
best of the prune class of plums. It was 
said the oil sprays in the hands of the 
average farmer are not safe sprays. Bet¬ 
ter use lime-sulphur or Bordeaux. 
A peach grower said rye and vetch is 
the best cover crop for peaches, next to 
clover. 
Prof. Taylor said the best strawberries 
for sandy loam are (lien Mary, Sample, 
Dunlap and Brandywine. 
Mr. Powell said there is a good market 
for apple tree logs one foot in diameter. 
Communicate with lumber dealers. 
Mr. Morrell said he made his own 
apple barrels. In former years they have 
cost 50 cents each. Last year they cost 
SO cents, made by a local cooper. Prices 
of wood have advanced more than labor. 
w. II. J. 
OHIO CULTIVATOR COMPANY BELLEVUE, OHIO 
Address Dept. 45 
Specifications in Brief 
Four-cylinder models have pow¬ 
erful long stroke Elcar Lycoming 
motor, developing 37% horse¬ 
power at 2100 r. p. m. Six cylin¬ 
der models have Red Seal Conti¬ 
nental 3%x4% inch engine. De¬ 
veloping 40 norsepower at 2100 
r. p. m. Two unit electrical 
system. 116 inch wheel base. 
Road clearance 10% inches. Full 
floating rear axle with spiralbcvel 
drivinggears. Timkenrollerbear- 
ings front and rear. Double uni¬ 
versal drive; tubular propeller 
shaft: copper cellular radiator. 
Easy-riding; semi-elliptic spring 
suspension. Roomy and com¬ 
fortable bodies of beautiful de¬ 
sign and durable finish; new 
“Cathedral Pipe” upholstering. 
Equipment complete even to Mo- 
tometer on radiator. 
5- Pasj. Touring Car,4 cyl. engine $1175 
5-Pa*s. Touring Car, 6 cyl. engine 1375 
4-Pats. Roadster, 4 cyl. engine 1175 
4- Pass. Roadster, 6 cyl. engine 1375 
5- Pass. Sedan, 4 cyl. engine 1625 
5-Pass. Sedan, 6 cyl. engine 1735 
4-Pass. Sportster, 4 cyl. engine 1175 
4-Pass. Sportster, 6 cyl. engine 1375 
Never Before Such Value \ 
in Cars at Elcar Prices 2 
T HE Elcar satisfies the most particular ® 
buyer, A prettier car never was built. p 
The high-class finish insures lasting J 
beauty despite country roads. = 
Driving the Elcar is real pleasure. It is If 
easily handled, responsive, flexible. The 
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mud, and all hard going, with ample speed. 
You like comfort, and you’ll find it in the n 
Elcar. It’s roomy. Has wonderful springs. 1! 
Ride all day and you won’t feel cramped. 
Solid worth is built into the Elcar. Every 
part is 150% strong. It gives dependable “ 
service for years. Elcar upkeep runs small. §§ 
18 to 20 miles are usually averaged to the 
gallon of gasoline—1000 miles to the gallon " 
of oil. g 
Don’t think of choosing your new car until ^ 
you’ve seen the Elcar. It will just suit you 
in every way. Ask for name of our nearest H 
dealer, if you don’t know him. ^ 
Write for catalog illustrating and describing the 
eight 1919 Elcar models. We gladly mail it to any- a 
one interested. FREE upon request. 
Elkhart Carriage and Motor Car Co. 
815 Beardsley Ave. Elkhart, Indiana H 
iim^'i'iBiii'ini!: iinii.iiBii, ;imi nil jiniijdB!: jin;!: :iiB!: .:H]oiniuiii!m:.,!ii!i: . l it^ 
No. 10 Saves Power 
You know it requires less energy 
to push a wheelbarrow downhill 
than up. The ratchet feed dog on 
the Bellevue Spreader has a down¬ 
hill stroke and unusually long and 
powerful leverage. It’s quite evi¬ 
dent that less power by far is re¬ 
quired for operation than if the 
stroke were upward. This is an 
exclusive Bellevue No. 10 feature. 
In addition, the Bellevue feed coh- 
tains fewer parts than any other 
spreader feed. This means sim¬ 
plicity. It reduces the necessity 
of the replacement of wearing 
parts to a minimum. 
This one feature gives you an 
idea of the economical service the 
Bellevue No. 10 Spreader will give 
you—not alone for one season, but 
for many seasons. 
If you’re planning to buy a 
spreader this Spring—it will pay 
you to find out about the many 
features of the Bellevue No. 10. 
See your dealer—and if he can’t 
tell you, write to us for our free 
Spreader Catalog. 
The “Downhill” Feed of the 
When you write advertisers mention The R. N.-Y. and you’ll get a 
quick reply and a “square deal.” See guarantee editorial page. 
