R U R A 
374 
Spraying Time Again 
Part I. 
Past History. —It may bo interesting 
and profitable to take the time for a 
short review of the history of spraying 
as it applies to the apple business. Some¬ 
thing more than a quarter of a century 
ago. Grandfather had on this place per¬ 
haps 25 acres of bearing apple orchard. 
The trees were vigorous and well cared 
for. Most of them had been set about 
two rods , apart, some a little more, per¬ 
haps a few a little less. They occupied 
the ground and mostly the crowns touched 
a little, .lust, a vigorous orchard in con¬ 
dition to bear large crops of fruit. Tin- 
apples were of high quality. Once in a 
while there would be found a wormy one. 
and sometimes there would he some with 
peculiar black spots, which seemed to 
make them keep not. so well. Nobody 
thought of the need or even the possi¬ 
bility of spraying them. About, that time 
it began to be noticed that in many or¬ 
chards the leaves would turn brown early 
in Summer, because of having been eaten 
by a “measuring worm.” The trouble 
was so serious in many places that tin- 
apple crop was mticli injured. Various 
remedies were tried, but it was soon 
found that spraying with a compound <>f 
arsenic dissolved in water would destroy 
these worms. 
Early Appliances. — Grandfather's 
first spray rig was a barrel with a force 
pump in it. At the bottom of tin- barrel 
was a flapper, which was expected to 
keep the liquid stirred up. A regular 
hose nozzle or something like it was 
used. With good pressure a stream could 
be thrown well over almost any of the 
trees. This barrel was set on a wagon, 
and one man drove and sprayed, while 
the other pumped and held the barrel 
in place. Sometimes the barrel would 
roll off, and sometimes one of the horses 
would get tired of the slow progress, un¬ 
hitch herself and go back to the barn. 
The London purple which they used 
burned the leaves some, and washed off 
pretty soon. After a time they found 
that Paris green stayed on the trees bet¬ 
ter than London purple, and that it 
seemed to help keep down the apple 
worms as well as the canker-worms. 
Then it was found that adding some lime 
water and blue vitriol in proper propor¬ 
tions seemed to reduce the black spots 
or scabs on the apples where it was used. 
Then the vitriol ate into the iron pump, 
and a brass or copper one had to be 
used. Also it was found that the spray 
material went farther if it was put on 
in a fine spray. The Vermorel nozzle 
appeared, and did pretty fine work. Its 
greatest, trouble was the small hole, which 
kept getting plugged up. Still there was 
no pressure gauge on the machine, but. 
we tried to get as much pressure as we 
could. It probably did not get much 
below 40 or 50 pounds. In 1905 or 1 DOG 
there came to this place the first com- 
E W-YO RKER 
done. 
Power Sprayers. —In 1007 came the 
first power sprayer. This had a vertical 
200-gallon tank, and the whole outfit, en¬ 
gine and all, was built in tin- shop where 
we bought it. The engine is still run¬ 
ning, and has cost only a few dollars for 
repairs. The pump was designed to stand 
a working pressure of about a hundred 
pounds, but. the makers said that such 
terrific pressures would never be needed 
in spraying. When we began to use 200 
pounds‘or more tin- pump failed and could 
not be kept in operation. With a high 
pressure pump attached to the same en¬ 
gine we have a serviceable rig. About 
Blooming Orchard Under Successful Tillage, Carried to Base of Each Tree 
plete spray rig. This was a 100-gallon 
tank and platform intended to set on the 
bolsters of an ordinary farm wagon. It 
had a horizontal, double action hand 
pump and a pressure gauge. With an 
energetic man on the handle this would 
keep up a pressure of about 100 pounds 
in a cluster of six Vermorels. The one 
who furnished the power also drove. One 
morning in a young Ben Davis block we 
sprayed without stopping at the trees, 
and the man kept up about 125 pounds 
all the time. He did not show up again 
until he felt sure the spraying was all 
the time this rig appeared came the disk 
nozzle. It was better than the Vermorel 
in some ways. It did not clog so much, 
the one or two nozzles on the end of tin- 
rod did not catch on tin- trees so much 
as the three or four or tdx to eight. Ver- 
morels. These were improved until we 
had one which had a very great capacity. 
At 200 pounds four of them on two leads 
of hose would tax the capacity of a good 
pump. 
San Jose Scale. —About the time we 
bought tin- first real power sprayer it 
began to be talked that a terrible new 
March 1, 1919 
insect imported from somewhere into 
California was spreading eastward and 
would destroy our orchards unless we 
could control it by the curious mixture 
of quicklime, salt and sulphur. Chemists 
assured us that even if we did boil this 
mess it could be nothing but a mixture, 
because it was against the nature of lime 
and sulphur to unite chemically under 
such conditions. To be sure, the boiling 
did produce a curious foul-smelling liquid 
which in proper dilution seemed to kill 
tin- terrible San ,Tos6 scale. In a few 
years it began to be noted that where the 
Bordeaux mixture spray was left out and 
the trees were well sprayed with this lime 
and sulphur mixture from which we were 
beginning to leave out the salt the apple 
scab seemed to be less troublesome. 
When the experiment station people 
really admitted this the use of Bordeaux 
was almost stopped because there was 
no use of using two sprays to do tin- 
work that could be as well done by one. 
New Machinery.- —Matters stood at. 
about this point when suddenly late one 
Summer one of the old established spray 
machinery companies began to advertise 
violently that they had discovered a new 
way of spraying. They had a pump of ’ 
so great capacity both for pounds and for 
gallons that they did not need a great 
long rod to carry the nozzles. They had 
shortened the rod down into a gun which 
would throw a great wide spray a short 
distance or a narrow spray a long dis¬ 
tance. At the fruit meetings that Win¬ 
ter the new apparatus was shown and 
talked about. At last some men began 
to say: “We have good engines and 
pumps, why will they not handle this 
new gun without buying this expensive 
rig, especially as we are told we cannot 
be assured of getting a rig when we want 
it?” The demand became so great that 
the company had to sell some of the guns 
to be used on other outfits. They were 
very sceptical, and put it right up to tin- 
purchaser. They said they did not be¬ 
lieve there was any rig but theirs that 
would pump enough liquid to operate one 
of tin- guns, and that the man who bought 
a gun this year would be in the market 
for a pump next season. They were 
willing to supply disks smaller than were 
advised for their outfit, and then they 
settled back to enjoy the joke. Well, tin- 
joke seems to have been on them, for 
every man that used one told all his 
friends to get one just as quick as he 
could, for it was the best thing that had 
yet appeared. Each one of these friends 
at once became a booster, and soon the 
company was devoting all its energies to 
keeping up with the demand. Very soon 
other companies began to put out guns 
which were so much “improved” that 
• (Continued on page .ITfi) 
QPR A YINC Protects Your Crops Against 
O Insects and Fungous Diseases 
Increases Their Yield 
Experience has proved that fruit and vegetables properly 
sprayed will double —even triple their yield. 
Experience has also proved that it pays to get the right 
spraying equipment —one of known worth. 
The JUNIOR LEADER Spraying an Illinois Orchard 
The “OSPRAYMO” line of spray¬ 
ing equipment, from the Bucket or 
Knapsack types to the large Power 
Orchard rigs, are noted for their 
capacity for work and are built to 
stand up under most severe con¬ 
ditions. 
They have the famous Mechanical 
System of agitation and Automatic 
Strainer Cleaners — no clogging of 
pipes or nozzles. No waste of time 
and money through break-downs. 
They are built for long life and un¬ 
interrupted service. 
If your dealer does not handle the 
famous “OSPRAYMO” line write for 
our FREE catalog and discounts, 
giving the name of your freight 
station as well as your P. O. Address. 
Also ask about our splendid “HISPRAY” 
and “MASTER SPRAY” Guns and 
read the following testimonial. 
Rooky Point, N. Y. 
Gentlemen: 
The more we use your Union loonier tin- better we like It. 
It is quite evident that the judges at the San Francisco 
Exposition knew what they were about when they gave your 
equipment the Gold and Silver Medals. We run It up hill and 
down over stones and Into stumps, hut the engine worked 
steadily and the pressure did not lower. 
We have sprayed our live acres of pickles twine with the 
pickle boom. One man does the work that required throe with 
our old machine. 
The Master Spray Gun we tried out tills season is all that 
you claim for it. I don’t see why next year we can't use three 
guns at. once, two from the ground and one by the driver 
standing on the tank top. I think the pump will furnish power 
enough. Sincerely yours. 
N. S. HALLOt’K CO.. 
Per Daniel W. llallock. 
SPRA YER 
FOR EVERY NEED 
That He Who Plants May Profit 
Insist on this Trade Mark 
liarron, Sept. 25, 101ft. 
“This picture was taken Aug. 30 In my field of Burbank potatoes. The 
sprayer more than paid for itself this year. I will let you know in a few 
weeks just what per cent gain I made by the “**■,/£zklBEKG. 
FIELD FORCE PUMP CO. 
Dept. 2 ELMIRA, N. Y. Mfgs. 
