376 
March 1, 19l!> 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
Spraying Time Again 
(Continued from page 374.) 
they were in some cases nearly as good 
as the original. The two main ideas of 
“improvement” being to make it possible 
to use pumps of less capacity or lower 
pressure, and to make it less necessary 
for the operator to watch what he might 
be doing. It seems to us that anything 
which puts a premium ou inattention to 
business in spraying time is far from 
being an improvement. 
Other Spray-guns. —At this Winter’s 
fruit meeting the writer had little time 
to examine the various spray-guns closely 
but. did notice two, xvhich seemed _ to 
be different from the usual run of imita¬ 
tions. One had notches so that the spray 
could be set to four different grades. 
Theoretically this is good, but practically 
the operator must be changing the length 
and width of his spray all the time if he 
is to do reasonably good work, and not 
waste a great deal of material. If the 
gun is to be a success in the hands of 
any operator he must pay great attention 
to the matter of shutting off as soon as 
his job is done. The other gun opened 
by pressing down a handle against a 
spring. This looks good. When we want 
a wide spray press down a little on the 
handle. To increase distance, give more 
pressure. When we let go and lay down 
the gun it is always shut off. There is 
no chance of getting an eye full because 
the handle was jarred open a little when 
it was dropped. The only “but” that is 
apparent is that when a man has to grip 
a handle continuously for several hours 
at a time his hand is likely to get tired. 
It looks probable that the man will fix 
a little loop of wire to hold the handle 
down most of the time. This will re¬ 
move some of the advantages of this gun. 
Matebials Used. —Beginning with the 
Old London purple spray we have pro¬ 
gressed through Taris green, Paris green 
and Bordeaux, Paris green and lime-sul¬ 
phur. and have finally come to regard ar¬ 
senate of lead and lime-sulphur as an al¬ 
most perfect all-purpose spray. For some 
purposes we add nocotine, but a very large 
part of all the spraying is done with lime- 
sulphur with or without arsenate. If 
properly applied (a main part of “pro¬ 
perly” is thoroughly) it will control San 
JosA scale; aphis, apple scab, peach leaf 
curl, cherry maggot, brown rot in peach 
and cherry; peach mildew; cherry leaf- 
blight; cherry mildew, apple maggot, cod¬ 
ling moth, and a host of other diseases 
and enemies of our fruit and ornamental 
frees and bushes. The change in spray 
apparatus has kept step with the change 
in materials. Starting with an ordinary 
hose nozzle the change has been always 
toward higher pressures and a greater 
breaking up of the spray'into mist. The 
“Bordeaux” nozzle gave a little more of a 
mist. The. Yermorel was a great nozzle if 
it had not been for its liability to clog. 
The various disk nozzles were good, but 
gave a hollow, cone-shaped spray which 
might be wasteful at times. Many types 
of disk nozzles had loose parts which 
were forever being lost by careless opera¬ 
tors. Now we have the gun, which is far 
superior to any other method of putting 
on a wet spray. 
Dusting. —This brings us to a consider¬ 
ation of dusting. We are watching the 
dust experiments with great interest, but 
have not yet felt warranted in trying it 
on our orchards. A very recent article 
on dusting seems to indicate that the cost 
for material will be much greater than for 
spraying; that the dusting must be done 
at least as carefully as the spraying, and 
that the dusting must be done many more 
times than the spraying. There is no ap¬ 
parent saving in cost for material or labor 
and a question as to the saving in time. 
With us there is apparently only one time 
when spraying or dusting can be done if 
apple scab and codling moth are to be 
controlled. This time seems to be be¬ 
tween blossoming and the first wet spell 
of more than a day. The chance for the 
“pink spray” is very short, frequently less 
than a day; that is, frequently, the buds 
will separate and the first blossoms open 
within two days’ time. We can hit little 
of the trees in that time even with good 
weather, and all parts are growing so 
fast that what is hit is protected for only 
a very short time. After blossoming the 
parts grow lees slowly for a time, 
and if thoroughly sprayed then, the scab 
spores will be destroyed when they fall 
on the fruit. There is little evidence of 
any scab infection taking place at any 
other time than during a few days in early 
Summer. The fact that new spots appear 
late in the season has been advanced as a 
reason for believing that the infection 
occurred then, but it seems as reasonable 
to suppose that the spore was there and 
simply waited for the right conditions to 
develop. This “late infection” does not 
come where we should expect it if the 
spores fell on the apple after it had 
turned down. We should expect at least 
75 per cent of the spots to be on the stem 
end of the apple, but we find them almost 
entirely on the blossom end. If this is so, 
and we must make several applications of 
the dust to be as effective as one thorough 
application of spray, these must all be 
made in the same infection period, and 
the question of saving time i.s again a 
question. Wheu we come to results we 
have nothing definite. Some dusting ex¬ 
periments seem to give better results than 
some sprays, and others are the reverse, 
but the whole variation is no greater than 
might be found between a block thor¬ 
oughly sprayed in the morning and the 
next one just as well sprayed in the after¬ 
noon of the same day. There are so many 
factors outside of our control that we can¬ 
not tell just when we did the best spray¬ 
ing until we see the final result on the 
packing table. All we can do is to hit 
every part of every tree as fully as pos¬ 
sible with the best apparatus we can get. 
and then come back from another angle 
with a different wind and do it all over. 
ALFRED C. WEED. 
Market for Dahlia Roots 
Is there big money raising Dahlia 
bulbs? I am told they are easily raised. 
Is there any good market for them? Do 
they sell readily? Which do you consider 
most profitable, asters, Dahlias or pan¬ 
sies? P. A. J. 
Dahlias never produce bulbs, but tuber¬ 
ous roots, like the sweet potato. They 
are easily grown and some growers who 
have made a reputation for their stock do 
doubtless make the growing profitable. 
To make a business of producing Dahlias, 
asters or pansies will take time, capital 
and square dealing as well as skill in the 
work before the grower can make a repu¬ 
tation for his products. In your case, if 
you grew any of these things, the best way 
would be to put them in the hands of the 
leading floral commission houses to sell to 
the trade. No one could possibly tell you 
which would be the most profitable in 
your case, or whether any of them would 
he so. As you evidently are not a skilled 
cultivator it would be best to learn what 
is being done. The plants you mention 
are grown by men of long experience and 
in sections especially adapted to the per¬ 
fection of the plants they grow, and the 
products are not sold on the market like 
potatoes and pumpkins, but the growers 
sell to the wholesale trade, which supplies 
the public through retail catalogues, and 
before you could sell to the trade you 
would liave to establish the fact that you 
are acquainted with the demand for 
special varieties and that you can furnish 
good stock and true to name. While 
Dahlias grow easily, it takes skill and ex¬ 
perience to increase them rapidly and to 
maintain a pure stock. Reputation as a 
grower of any sort of nursery stock is a 
matter of long experience. Experience 
keeix? a dear school if you try to learn a 
trade in that way. Better go and learn 
with an established nursery or seeds¬ 
man. I would not advise amateur experi¬ 
ments in the growing of these things un¬ 
less you can afford to learn by years of 
failure. w. F. MASSEY. 
“Ah, many a good story I told under 
that fine old tree out there.” “Oh, yes: 
I sec it is a chestnut tree.”—Baltimore 
American. -v 
Putting ou the Spray in a Commercial Orchard 
Actual photograph of the won¬ 
derful spray made with the 
“FRIEND” Spray Gun 
With the “Friend” Spray Gun the 
spray is easily distributed through 
the tops of tall trees, and by a simple 
turn of the wrist the spray can be 
shortened or instantly stopped. 
Any power sprayer that will furnish 
a strong pressure for rods and nozzles 
will operate the “Friend” Spray Gun 
satisfactorily. 
I Uses having large, medium and small open¬ 
ings are furnished with the “Friend” Gun to 
accommodate any sized power sprayer. 
If your power sprayer is inefficient don’t neg¬ 
lect your fruit. Perhaps all your sprayer needs 
is a new power equipment. “Friend” high 
pressure, light weight, auto-t.vpe motor-pumps 
are made for you. 
Get the “Friend” catalog. 
Hundreds of “Friend” power sprayers are 
shipped each year into all parts of the countrr 
-all now equipped with this greatest of all 
spraying devices—the “Friend"’ Spray Gun. 
When the first spray guu ever made was an¬ 
nounced by the “Friend” Co. in 1010 progres- 
sive growers who have faith in the “triend 
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Greatest Invention Known to Horticulture 
PRICE 
$ 
io 
oo 
Back-breaking Spray Poles Have Gone Forever 
Now Everyone Wants the 
“FRIEND” SPRAY GUN 
The “Friend” Spray Gun puts the spray where you want it. 
One man can distribute the entire capacity of the largest power 
sprayer alone. 
The “Friend” Spray Gun creates an air draft, which carries the 
spray at great height. This rush of air turns the leaves—spraying all 
sides of fruit and foliage better than the floating spray from nozzles. 
With the “Friend” Spray Gun 
there is loss waste of solution, 
as there is less dripping—duo to 
tliis new system air draft. 
Tbe “Friend” Spray Gun is 
scientifically constructed and 
so ingeniously designed that 
there are hut two working and 
wearing parts. 
The simplest and most durable Spray Gun shut-off in the world. 
A wonderful invention which reduces rbe pressure from 200 lbs. to 
3 llis. at the point of the shut-off. insuring long life and no leaking. 
Still, when the valve is open. Hie full power sprayer pressure be¬ 
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The rubber-tipped plunger valve is guaranteed for one season, and 
the discs will discharge thousands of gallons of solution. East cost but 
a few cents. 
The season is on—act Now. 
If there is no “FRIEND” Dealer in your town apply at once. 
“FRIEND” MFG. CO., GASPORT, N. Y. 
Please name this paper 
««i 
'I want 
every fruit grower to own a *FRIEND 1 
Spray Gun” 
Now thousands of growers in all sec¬ 
tions say that the “Friend” Spray 
Gun has entirely revolutionized spray¬ 
ing and has transformed what was a 
much dreaded task into a real 
pleasure. 
Farm help now prefer spraying to farm work 
—a condition never before known. 
You cannot altord to spray your orchard again 
without the "Friend” Spray Guu. 
I am about to harvest our first crop of 
apples sprayed with the “Friend” Spray 
Gun. It is the best crop we have ever 
raised. The “Friend” Spray Gun is far 
superior to any other method. 
Westminster, Md. 
Th > slogan, a " ‘Friend’ Spray Gnu for each 
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chase a “Friend” Spray Gun. 
it is now universally admitted that the 
"Friend” Spray Gun saves labor amT V» to 
1 3 spray solution, at the same time doing 
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The "Friend” Co. built the first gasoline power 
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The Company is reliable and lias built up a 
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