402 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
Help—not too late, 
but when most needed 
When a father dies without life-insurance, the mother and chil¬ 
dren are the ones that suffer most. The Postal Life recently 
received a very touching letter from a sorrowing wife whose 
husband put off protecting his family until it was “ too late." 
Women and children are indeed the ones to whom an insurance 
policy means most. It is help—not “too late” but when most 
needed. 
Here is a letter to the Postal from a thankful wife, whose husband did 
not leave her unprotected: 
On Saturday I received my check on the life of my husband. Words 
cannot express what a help that check will be, as l am left with 
a little boy to bring up. As soon as he can be insured it will be 
with the Postal Life. / thank you for your promptness and kindness. 
This typical letter and picture tell the story—a story of protection, per¬ 
formance and promise. The father protected his family; the Company 
paid the death-claim promptly; the mother promised to stand by the Com¬ 
pany—and she will. 
That’s cooperation all alone? the line. That’s what has built up the 
Postal Life from small beginnings. That's what has helped to make it 
the Company of safety, service and saving. 
Find Out What 
You Can Save 
on any standard form of 
policy, whether to protect 
your family or to make you 
ndependent in old age. 
Simply write a line men¬ 
tioning Rural New- 
Yorker for March 1st 
issue and giving [a] your 
exact date of birth, [b] your 
occupation. No agent will be 
sent to visit you, but full 
insurance particulars will 
be promptly forwarded— by 
mail only. Address, 
POSTAL LIFE 
INSURANCE 
COMPANY 
WM. R. MALONE, Prefident 
511 Fifth Avenue, cor. 43d St. 
New York City 
88 
Strong Postal 
Points 
Flrat: Standard policy 
reserves. V, e so u r e e s 
more Mian $‘.1,000,000. In¬ 
surance in force 
$ 10 , 000 , 000 . 
Second: Old-line legal 
reserve insurance —not 
fraternal or assessment. 
Tlilrd: dividends 
guaranteed in your 
Policy and the usual 
contingent dividends 
paid as earned. 
Fourth: Standard pol¬ 
icy provisions, approved 
by the New York State 
Insurance Department. 
Fifth: Operates under 
strict Xcw York State 
requirements and sub¬ 
ject to the United States 
Postal Authorities. 
Sixth: High medical 
standards in the selec¬ 
tion of risks. 
Seventh: Policyhold¬ 
ers' Health Bureau pro¬ 
vides one free medical 
examination each year, 
if desired. 
L 
Two Excellent Vegetable Books 
By R. L. Watts 
Vegetable Gardening ..... $1.75 
Vegetable Forcing.2.00 
Clearly written, practical, convenient for 
reference, covering outdoor and green¬ 
house vegetable work. For sale by 
The Rural New-Yorker 
333 W. 30th St., New York 
DO YOU 
NEED 
FARM 
HELP? 
We have many able-bodied 
young men, with and without 
experience, who wish to work on 
farms. If you need a good, steady, 
sober man, write for an order 
blank. Ours is a philanthropic 
organization and we make no 
charge to employer or employee. 
THE JEWISH AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY 
176 Second Avenue N. Y. City 
mil 
UJ 
Buy 
LLMlillii^illl lll||l®lllllL l lllll lili 
p 
n In 
iiiniiiiiiiii 
If you have any building or repairing to do — get your material now. 
Just at present we are very fortunately situated. We have large stocks 
of lumber and budding materials on hand that we are able to sell at unusually 
low prices, Prices lower than you could purchase them anywhere else and possibly 
LOWER THAN THEY WILL BE AGAIN FOR YEARS. 
Our prices are the same to everyone — whether you are a 
dealer, a farmer, a contractor or a builder — if you need 
Lumber, Lath, Shingles, Doors, Windows, Interior Finish, 
Frames, Clap - Boards, Paint, Wall-Board or Roofing, 
— and no matter whether you need several car-loads or only a small quantity — we 
can save youjnoney on first-class, A-l prime goods. We don’t sell seconds or 
wreckage. We arc able to undersell" because our big yards and mills are 
right in the heart of the largest lumber district in the world; because — 
buy in such large quantities and sell direct to everybody at our costs 
plus a small profit. 
Send Today and Save Money. 
Ray H. Bennett Lumber Co., Inc., 
Don’t wait— 
building mater¬ 
ials are in big de¬ 
mand, a shortage iB 
bound to occur this 
Spring, and while we 
have tremendous stooks on 
hand, we urge you to order early. 
PRICE REGULATORS OF 
BUILDING MATERIAL” 
60 Main St. 
N. Tonawanda, 
N. Y. 
CONTENTS 
Are You in Need of Farm Help? 
If so. communicate with the Continental Labor 
Agency, 2 Carlisle St.. Near Rector St., New York 
THE RURAL NEW-YORKER, MARCH 1, 1919 
* FARM TOPICS 
Sweet Clover as a Soil Builder—Part I.... 354 
A Farm Without Capital. 355 
Use of Hand Stump-puller. 356 
European Corn Borer. 360 
Utilizing Oyster Shells. 362 
Increasing Size of Corncob. 363 
Strong or Feeble Potato Sprouts. 368 
The Coming Wheat Crop...... . 381 
New Machines for Harvesting. 391 
Machine for Picking Stones. 391 
New England Farm Notes.... 392 
Truck Crops and Methods on the Eastern 
Shore . 398 
Massachusetts Agricultural Meeting. 402 
LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY 
Go Ahead and Organize. 381 
Milk Legislation at Albany. 381 
A Call for Heavy Cream. 381 
A Practical Pasteurizing Plant. 381 
Selling Milk from Co-operative Creameries.. 381 
Bates Shorthorns . 386 
A Cross-breeding Problem. 386 
Shorthorn and Jersey Cross. 386 
Successful Swine Raising.388 
Composition of Tankage. 388 
New' York State Breeders’ Association Meet¬ 
ing at Buffalo—Part II.... .398, 399 
Ration for Holstein Herd.400 
Various Forage Crops. 400 
Oats and Barley for Feed. 400 
Dairy Ration . 403 
Bitter Cream . 403 
Home-ground Dairy Feed. 403 
Feed Lacks Protein. 403 
Feeding Moldy Corn; Sweet Clover. 408 
Fish Meal for Pigs. 408 
Rations for Dairy Cows, Pigs and Calf.... 408 
THE HENYARD 
Leg Weakness .. 404 
Hons With Diarrhoea. 404 
Trouble with Early Chicks. 404 
Care of Breeding Stock. 404 
Egg-laying Contest . 405 
Lame Chicks .405 
Turkey with Catarrhal Swelling. 406 
Brief Story of Duck Raising—Part II. 406 
How Rats Carry Eggs. 407 
HORTICULTURE 
New or Noteworthy Fruits.351, 352 
An Interesting New Pear.352, 353 
Spraying Problems . 353 
The Home Orchard—100 Fruit Trees. 354 
Lime-sulphur as a Summer Spray. 355 
Shall We Spray the Apple Bloom!.355, 356 
Planting Root-pruned Trees. 356 
Beauty in the Farm Home. 356 
The Vineyard Situation in New York— 
Part I . 357 
Treatment of Garden Soil in Maryland.357 
Checking Lettuce in France. 357 
A Plea for the Strawberry.358, 360 
A New One by “Burbank, Jr,”. 359 
The Locusts Are Coming. 362 
Moving Red Cedar Trees. 363 
Building a Small Greenhouse.364, 366 
Cover Crops . 366 
After Care of Easter Plants. 367 
More About Chestnut Growing in Illinois... 368 
Christmas Tree Fanning. 370 
A Hospital Garden in Great Britain. 370 
Rve and Oats in Orchard.. 370 
Thinning for Profit; an Essential to Quality 
Fniit Production . 371 
More Opinions of the Spray-gun. 379 
The Apple Maggot or Railroad Worm. 372 
Snraying Time Again... 374 
The Importance of Selecting Variations in 
Plant Culture . 377 
WOMAN AND HOME 
From Day to Day. 382 
Seen in New York Shops... 382 
Some Bulbs I have Known. 382 
The Rural Patterns.. • • ■ 382 
A Housekeeper’s Kitchen Garden.382. 383 
Something New in House Plants. 383 
A Lattice Trellis. 383 
Notes from Oklahoma.. • • • 383 
Wallpaper Cleaner .383, 384 
Uses for Dried Fruit. 384 
Parley Methods .. 384 
More Tested Recipes. 384 
Simple Little Dishes. 384 
Danish Head Cheese. 384 
Canning Milk at Home. ••••■• “J 
Popcorn Balls .384, 385 
More About Those Canaries. 385 
White Cornmeal . 385 
Nourishing Foods from Maine. 385 
Thrift Cake . 385 
MISCELLANEOUS 
Bees in the City. 383 
Storing Sweet Cider in Cistern. 391 
The European Hornet. 393 
Automobile Notes. . 336 
Kerosene in Radiator. 39b 
Great Massachusetts Agricultural 
Meeting 
Fart I. 
The union meeting of the Massachu¬ 
setts agricultural organizations in Boston 
Feb. 11-14 was largely attended and 
many important papers were read. The 
lower hall was filled with exhibits, one 
of the most impressive being that from 
the State Department of Agriculture 
illustrating the damage done by the 'Euro¬ 
pean corn-borer. A large number of jars 
held different plants in which the borer 
hand been found, including some that 
would not ordinarily be expected, such 
as geraniums, celery and dahlias. It was 
stated that a single caterpillar wintering 
in an old cornstalk may 'be responsible 
for 315,000 borers the next season. The 
burning of cornstalks and weeds in the 
Fall was earnestly recommended. This 
pest has spread over a considerable area 
in a few years, and unless held in check 
threatens the corn crop of the entire 
country. 
Dr. T. .T. Hcadlee. of New Jersey, in¬ 
terested the fruit growers by urging a 
doubling up on nicotine sulphates for the 
delayed dormant spraying to be used just 
iis tile green tips are about to open. He 
advocated using a three-fourths instead 
of a three-eighths per cent spray, mix¬ 
ture. Dr. Headlee said that an almost 
continuous spraying for the codling moth 
over a period of three weeks would give 
perfect control, using arsenate and lime, 
one to 40. In a discussion considerable 
March 1, 1910 
was said about the use of calcium arsen¬ 
ate. which is cheaper than arsenate of 
lead by 10 cents a pound. It should be 
used, it was stated, at the rate of one 
pound to 50 gallons of water. It has a 
tendency to burn the foliage, but that can 
be avoided by the addition of lime water. 
Dr. II. ,T. Wheeler, of Boston, discussed 
fertilizers for fruits and vegetables. He 
said that when growing potatoes in the 
Northern States it was most important 
to have a fertilizer containing nitrogen 
in a quickly available form. Nitrate of 
Soda was best, but sulphate of ammonia 
might be used for feeding the plants later 
in the season. In Southern States cot¬ 
tonseed meal would answer, but not in 
the North. lie pointed out that it was 
important to realize that while different 
fertilizers might analyze exactly the same, 
the results would vary greatly because 
of the prompt or delayed availability of 
the nitrogen content. 
Dr. Wheeler emphasized the need <>f 
lime for many crops, saying that often 
it was wasteful to put on fertilizers alone. 
Different crops have different require¬ 
ments. though. The land that is too acid 
to grow cantaloupes at till may produce 
a good crop of watermelons. He advised 
against using lime on potato laud because 
of the danger of increasing scab. Beets 
and carrots need an abundance of lime. 
Cabbage, kale and cauliflower need lime, 
but not .so much as beets. They also re¬ 
quire ammonia and phosphate in liberal 
quantities. I>r. Wheeler said that lime¬ 
stone was altogether the best form of 
lime to use for light soils. 
Market gardeners heard Porter R. Tay¬ 
lor. General Manager of the Providence 
Farmers’ Exchange, tell how that organi¬ 
zation was conducting its work, lie said 
that it had been able to make a contract 
for fertilizers with a nearby rendering 
plant which had greatly reduced the cost, 
lie told of plans being made to have all 
the produce sold through the exchange 
tagged in such a way that any purchase 
could be traced back to the shipper. 
There was a long discussion in regard 
to introducing the so-called Providence 
box into the Boston market to replace 
the Boston box. The Providence box is 
slightly smaller, and is made in a much 
more substantial way. It costs about 30 
cents, while the Boston box costs from 
15 to 20. Some of the market gardeners 
around Boston were in favor of changing, 
while others could see no special advan¬ 
tage to be gained, although the Boston 
box does bold a little over a bushel. The 
cost of changing in many cases would be 
considerable. A former president of the 
association, for example, has 10.000 boxes 
now in use. It was shown that it would 
not bo feasible to make a gradual change 
because boxes of the two sizes could not 
be used satisfactorily or economically on 
the same load. There being so wide a 
difference of opinion, no action was taken. 
The milk dealers held several impor¬ 
tant sessions. William G. Bissell, of 
Buffalo, said that in his opinion the time 
was coming before long when cities would 
handle their milk supplies just as they 
handle their water supplies now. While 
he thought that the dangers from tuber¬ 
culosis had been greatly exaggerated, he 
believed in pasteurization as a safeguard. 
If it were not done by the distributors 
it might be done at home by the use of 
tin ordinary double boiler. He believed 
that a Ciip covering the tops of the bot¬ 
tles should be used, stilting that it was. 
the common custom of the men who han¬ 
dled milk to carry the bottles with their 
hands over the tops so that dirt from 
their hands dropped onto the sunken oai>s. 
and often went into the milk when the 
cap was turned up to be removed. 
One of the most striking points in the 
address of C. R. George, Secretary of the 
Indiana State Dairymens Association, 
had to do with the development of dairy¬ 
ing iti a Sounthern county through the 
efforts of tin* dairymen’s association. In 
five years the volume of milk produced 
in that county increased from 620 to 
68.900 quarts, and the number of silos 
from 100 to 200. Meanwhile the time 
deposits in the banks increased .$300,000. 
This case was cited to show the value of 
the dairy business, and more particularly 
the effectiveness of organization. 
Prof. Benjamin Southwick. of the State 
College, said that the grain hill of tin* 
dairymen in Massachusetts was much 
higher in proportion than that of dairy 
owners in other New England States, 
and he argued that the only way in which 
Massachusetts dairymen could survive 
competition was to cut the costs of pi- >- 
duction. lie said that a good pasture 
would 'help to cut the feed bills by many 
hundreds of dollars, and that mor-* at¬ 
tention should be given to the restorati >n 
of old pastures, lit* advocated the feed¬ 
ing of clover hay twice it day, and said 
that in many counties it would pay tin* 
dairymen t<> raise their own oats as well 
as com. He told his audience that the 
number of cattle in Massachusetts was 
increasing, while the number war con¬ 
tinuing to diminsh in Rhode Island and 
Connecticut. lit* strongly advocated rhe 
advertising of dairy food products in an 
effort to widen tin* market, and he be¬ 
lieved that by revising their methods in 
order to decrease the cost of production 
and increase the output per cow, Massa¬ 
chusetts dairymen would be in a position 
to successfully compete with those <>' 
neighboring States. E, i. F, 
Very Stout Lady : ‘‘Could you see me 
across tin* street, officer?" Cop: ‘‘Sliure. 
ma'am. Oi could see yoz tin times the dis¬ 
tance. aisy." —Boston Transcript, 
