468 
The RURAL. NEW-YORKER 
Mnrrh 15, 1U1D 
u 
■■''ft 
X 
and 
More 
Potatoes 
Better Ones 
£V- 
V; 
i* 
If you can add ten days of growth, 
r your Crop Increase will be worth while 
IIoW to do it: Spraying for bugs alone will 
not do it* Paris Green, Arsenate of Lead—any 
poison—may indeed save your crop from bugs, but it 
"'.‘/'won’t increase it nor add anything to its quality value. Pyrox 
dees both and it kills the bugs. Paris Green, as is well known, 
often stunts the vines and shortens the crop. 
T HE New York Experiment Station 
says: “It does not pay to spray 
for bugs alone.” Ten year’s exper¬ 
ience at that Station spraying against 
blight shows an average yearly gain 
of 97l^ bushels per acre. A nineteen- 
year experiment in Vermont gave an 
average annual gain of 109 bushels per 
acre. Spray against blight. It pay*. 
r^UGS look bad to you, but 
they are not your worst ene¬ 
my. As a matter of fact, blight is 
more destructive. The spores are 
eo tiny they cannot be seen with the 
naked eye, but actually they rob you 
of more potatoes than bugs do. Ask 
any agricultural authority. 
And Spray 
With 
pYROX protects the crop against 
A blight and at the 6ame time kills 
the potato bug. It keeps the foliage 
healthy and green throughout the 
growing season; gives it greater vigor 
and enables the plant to produce to its 
limit. Every potato grower knows that 
the last ten days is a period when the 
tubers increase greatly in size. Pyrox 
gives maturity insurance of the best 
sort. It gives the little potatoes a 
chance to grow up into big ones. 
Pyrox is a smooth, creamy paste, all 
U ft pat err. 
! MARK 8IOIITIMO 
For That 
Pays Best 
of All 
ready to use. Just measure it out 
and mix it with water for your spray 
solution. 
Pyrox has made a national reputation 
for spraying all kinds of fruit and truck 
against insects and plant diseases. 
Pyrox is sold by most hardware, im¬ 
plement and seed stores. 
If you would like to know how to pro¬ 
tect your crops against the attacks of 
bugs, worms and disease, send for a 
free copy of the latest Pyrox Book. 
BOWKER INSECTICIDE COMPANY 
„.A CHATHAM ST.. BOSTON 1002 FIDELITY BLDG.. BALTIMORE. MD. 
. (?et our low 1919 prices. Farm- 
Rinrlor Tu/inp eragents wanted. Sample free. 
UIHUGI 1 nine xhEO. BURT & SONS. Melrose. Ohio 
MftTl 
USED 
DRfYfi.FS 
f»terfrMflM|>MliM 2SS&2ra.TO,!?X 
’ey 12 ft., 04, Parrel Post Prepaid. Waterproof 
(Joyers, $6 eaob. W. W. STANLEY.50 Church St. Now York 
ALL MAKES 
Descriptive CARL W. BUSH CO. , 
Catalogue B Newark. N. J. 
The Safest Explosive 
Drain 
swampy 
Why plow around a slew or wet spot when 
a little Atlas Farm Powder will get rid of 
it forever ? 
Our book, “Better Farming with Atlas 
Farm Powder,” tells you how you can un¬ 
derdrain by blasting openings through the 
hardpan or clay to the open ground beneath. 
The book also tells and shows how to blast 
ditches, how to fill up gullies, how to pre¬ 
vent washing and erosion, how to clear 
land, and ‘how to make the entire farm 
more productive. 
All the latest labor saving, money saving 
methods of doing farm work with explosives 
are described in “Better Farming with 
Atlas Farm Powder.” You will enjoy 
reading this 120-page illustrated book. A 
copy is yours for the asking—use the cou¬ 
pon or a post card mentioning this paper. 
ATLAS POWDER CO., WilminKton, Del. 
ATLAS POWDER COMPANY 
Wilmington, Del. KNfi 
Send me ‘'Better Farming with Atlas Farm Pow¬ 
der." I am interested m explosives lor the pur¬ 
pose before which 1 mark "X." 
□ Stump Blasting 
□ Boulder Blasting 
□ Subsoil Blasting 
□ Tree Planting 
□ Ditch Digging 
□ Road Making 
Name 
Address 
Dealers everywhere. Magazine stocks near you. 
atlas Farm Powdei 
The Original Farm Powder 
Farm Mechanics 
Force Pump from Well 
Will you please let: me lmve your 
opinion on the following: I have, a 
drilled well on m.v farm that I would like 
to use in this manner, but 1 really do not 
know just whether it can l>e done*. I 
propose to remove the pump and seal the 
soil pipe by welding a piece over the 
opening, thereby making the whole well 
airtight. After this I would dig along¬ 
side the pipe to a depth of five or six 
feet and tap the soil pipe at this depth, 
inserting a threaded union to a size of 
either one inch or a half; another small 
size hole for a one-fourth-inch. This 
would he for the purpose of taking com¬ 
pressed air from some high pressure 
tanks that can be purchased from some 
manufacturer in this line. (liven the 
means to keep the tank full of compressed 
air and conveyed to sealed well, do you 
think that this would cause water to be 
lifted up to the point that, it would flow 
through a small series of one-inch pipes 
to the house? Would you have any 
knowledge to go by that would give any 
rules for the proper size of the pressure 
tank that would be necessary to lift 100 
gallons in 24 hours? T. T. D. 
As I understand the matter, I would 
not consider the plan feasible. To force 
water out as you suggest a tight bottom 
as well as a tight top would be required. 
This you do not have, as the presence of 
the water in your well indicates, there 
must be an opening through which it 
came. Water stands in your well at the 
height that it does because somewhere in 
the surrounding country the water sujrpl.v 
tapped by it is also at the same height. 
Now if we seal the top of the well over 
and introduce air pressure we destroy 
Ibis state of balance. Each half pound 
of air pressure introduced to this sealed 
chamber would be approximately equal 
to raising the height of the water column 
one foot, a column of water one foot in 
height exerting a pressure of .434 pounds 
per square inch at its base. Under this 
condition the water would escape through 
the bottom of the well until a condition 
of balance was again restored. 
If the air could be forced in rapidly 
enough it is probable that some water 
would he ‘forced out. of the discharged 
pipe, for the water passages through the 
earth would, no doubt, offer enough re¬ 
sistance to flow so that they would act 
somewhat as a check valve in the well 
bottom and cause some water to flow up¬ 
ward and out of the discharge pipe before 
the pressure could be sufficiently relieved 
in the well. Even if it were successful 
in raising water, however, some automatic 
means would have to he provided for re¬ 
leasing the air pressure in the well after 
the water had been discharged to permit 
the well casing to again till with water. 
A pneumatic pump can be obtained which 
will operate from a compressed air stor¬ 
age tauk as you outline and deliver water 
whenever a faucet is opened on the line, 
starting by this release of pressure on 
one side, but I would advise the use of 
one of the pneumatic systems in which 
a quantity of water is stored under pres¬ 
sure. So high an air pressure does not 
have to be carried in this system as in 
the first one mentioned, and though the 
water is stored, the tank may he placed 
in a cool place and fresh water cannot be 
obtained at the house in the other system 
without first emptying the pipe, which is 
at. best a wasteful system when you con¬ 
sider that air must first be compressed 
to do this. il H. s. 
Questions About Belting 
IIow do I find the proper length of belt 
and size of pulley to transmit the greatest 
percentage of any given power to the 
driven pulley? I have beard and believe 
that it is better to use a long belt; but 
it. is possible to have a belt too long, so 
T suppose there is a rule to get the exact 
length it should be. For instance, I have a 
tractor equipped with an eight-inch pulley, 
six-inch face, which runs, 1,200 revolu¬ 
tions per minute, developing 17% horse¬ 
power. I believe the pulley too small for 
that power because when running the 
silage cutter I had to make the belt very 
tight or it would slip. W’hut size drive 
pulley and what length belt will run a 
silage cutter 1.2(H) to 1,500 revolutions per 
minute with the least loss of 17% horse¬ 
power? B. H. 
The proper length of a belt is largely 
a matter of convenience—its flexibility in 
this respect as to the location of the driv¬ 
ing and driven machines is one of the 
advantages that belting has over gearing 
in the operation of portable or semi- 
portable machinery—no fixed distance is 
required between pulley centers. How¬ 
ever. the distance can he too short so 
that there can l>e no sag in the top of 
the belt and requiring it to run excessively 
taut to prevent slipping or, on the other 
hand, the belt may be so long that it 
sways and flaps badly, and by this sway¬ 
ing and flapping, coupled with the weight 
of such a great length, makes a serious 
strain on both the shaft bearings and the 
bolt itself. Any reasonable distance be¬ 
tween these extremes, though, should give 
satisfactory service, say around 20 feet 
between pulley centers for belts from six 
to 12 inches in width. In farm practice 
this distance is often greatly exceeded in 
the effort to get the engine back out of 
the way. As to the degree of tension re¬ 
quired for best running it is often esti¬ 
mated that a belt should have one inch 
of sag for every eight, feet in distance 
between the pulley centers, this sag to 
be determined while the machine is in 
motion. Thus for pulley 20 feet apart 
the belt, should show a sag of about 'iy» 
inches on the slack side. This is only a 
rough and tumble method of measuring, 
but serves to give an idea of the correct 
belt tension. 
It. seems that the driving pulley on 
your engine is rather small for the load 
that it is supposed to carry—17% horse¬ 
power—if you have made no mistake in 
giving me the figures. An approximate 
rule for finding the horsepower of belting 
is to estimate that a belt will carry one 
horsepower for each inch in width when 
running at a speed of 800 feet per min¬ 
ute. Within ordinary limits the horsepower 
of a belt will increase directly with the 
speed of the belt. Using this as a basis 
of calculation it is easily seen that a 
five-inch belt used under these conditions 
Could not he expected to transmit more 
than about 1(5 horsepower—15.7 to be 
exact—and if the blower required the 
total 17% horsepower developed by the 
engine for its operation, the belt was 
overloaded. If the design of your tractor 
permits it—if there are no parts in the 
way as there are in some makes—pulleys 
of larger diameter can he put on both the 
tractor and the driven machine, being 
careful to keed the same ratio between 
their diameters. This will give a higher 
belt speed and a greater surface of con¬ 
tact between the pulley face and the belt, 
both of which conditions will reduce slip¬ 
ping. As an alternative wider pulleys 
may be used, permitting the use of a 
winder belt. 
If for any reason either of these sug¬ 
gestions cannot be carried out your trou¬ 
ble can be helped to a great extent by 
covering the pulley face with leather or 
paper. I am assuming that the pulley 
face is of iron, as most of them are. This 
gives a very poor contact with the belt, 
especially when a canvas belt, is used, as 
is usually the case in farm work. At 
least one manufacturer has recognized 
this and is equipping his machine with a 
paper pulley. To cover the pulley with 
leather secure a piece of leather belting 
about one foot longer than the circumfer¬ 
ence of the pulley it is desired to cover 
and wide enough to cover the face. Care¬ 
fully bevel the ends of this with a sharp 
plane or leather scraper and after fitting 
perfectly glue them together with the 
hair side of the belting out. Make the 
joint square, use hot glue, well rubbed in 
‘—|,olt glue is host—and clamp between 
hoards to dry. The inside circumference 
of this leather covering should be about 
one-eighth inch short for every foot in 
length in the circumference of the pulley 
to be covered. 
Next carefully clean ’ the face of the 
pulley to he covered with gasoline to re¬ 
move every trace of grease. Have it dry 
and warm and carefully work the pre¬ 
pared leather band over it, first covering 
the inner surface of the band and the face 
of the pulley with a coating of hot glue 
well brushed on. The leather band should 
be placed on the pulley in such a position 
that the point of the outside lap will ex¬ 
tend to tiie rear when the pulley is run¬ 
ning so, should the belt slip, it will have 
a tendency to smooth this lap down in¬ 
stead of peeling it up. After starting 
the band onto the pulley it can be forced 
to place by picking the pulley up and 
dropping it squarely for a short distance 
onto a solid flat surface like the floor. 
In this way the pulley is forced into the 
band. The leather surface should now 
be rubbed to insure a good contact with 
the pulley face and to force out any sur¬ 
plus glue. After hardening, the addition 
of a few copper rivets makes the job 
absolutely sure. 
The grip of pulleys is improved also by 
covering with paper, and as this is by far 
cheaper than the leather covering 1 will 
include it here. The paper is applied by 
first cleaning the pulley as described 
above and then covering it with shellac 
aud winding a strip of paper of the pro¬ 
per width about it. The paper is well 
Tubbed down to the shellac and this shel¬ 
lacking and winding is continued until the 
paper covering reaches tin* thickness de¬ 
sired. After the desired thickness has 
been obtained the edges are trimmed and 
the whole surface given a good coat of 
shellac. As in the case of the leather, 
care must be taken to see that the paper 
is wound on the pulley in a direction 
opposite to its rotation, so that the paper 
will be smoothed down, should the belt 
slip, rather than peeled from the pulley. 
