484 
The Rural New-Yorker 
THE BUSINESS FARMER'S PAPER 
A National Weekly Journal l'or Country and Suburban Homes 
Established tsso 
Published weekly by the Iturnl Publishing Company, 333 West 30th Street, hew Tort 
Herbert W. Collingwood, President and Editor. 
John .1. Dillon, Treasurer and General Manager. 
W t m. F. Dillon, Secretary. Mrs. E. T. Uoyle, Associate Editor. 
SUBSCRIPTION: ONE DOLLAR A YEAR 
To foreign countries in the Universal Postal Union, $2.M, equal to 8s. 6d_ or 
81$ marks, or 101 b francs. Remit in money order, express 
order, personal check or bank draft. 
Entered at New York Post Office as Second Class Matter 
Advertising rates, 75 cents per agate line—7 words. References required for 
advertisers unknown to us , and cash must accompany transient orders. 
“A SQUARE DEAL" 
We believe that every advertisement in this paper is backed by a respon¬ 
sible i>erson. We use every possible precaution and admit the advertising of 
reliable houses only. But'to make doubly sure, we will make good any loss 
to paid subscribers sustained by trusting any deliberate swindler, irrespon¬ 
sible advertisers or misleading advertisements in our columns, and any 
such swindler will be publicly exposed. We are also often called upon 
to adjust differences oi mistakes between our subscribers and honest, 
responsible houses, whether advertisers or not. We willingly use our good 
offices to this end, but such cases should not bo confused with dishonest 
transactions. We protect subscribers against rogues, but we will not be 
responsible for the debts of honest bankrupts sanctioned by the courts. 
Notice of the complaint must be sent to us within one month of the time of 
the transaction, and to identify it, you should mention The Rural New- 
Yorker when writing the advertiser 
Your paper is without a rival; it has more honest re¬ 
ligion between its covers than any religious paper 1 
know, and I know many. If you ever stop sending The 
it. N.-Y. I will take my little gun in hand and wander 
down Thirtieth Street. J. n. NOBTHBUr. 
Vermont. 
T HIS idea of enforcing religion with a shotgun 
is something of a novelty, but we may expect, 
anything in these days. As for religious papers— 
have you thought that perhaps some of them print 
their sign in letters that are too large? 
* 
W E sincerely believe that the outlook for apple 
growing is excellent. The more we hear from 
Europe the more evident it appears that there have 
been serious losses in the orchards. Within a few 
years the demand for dried and green fruit will he 
larger thau ever before, and there will he ships 
enough to carry a full supply. It will be years be¬ 
fore European fruit growers can bring their orchards 
hack. We do not take the view that the European 
nations will he unable to buy. Outside of Ger¬ 
many the nations will have credits which will give 
them full purchasing power. Good apples will he in 
demand. Another thing: however we may differ 
over some of the aspects of Prohibition, we must all 
agree that with the fading away of the saloon busi¬ 
ness there will he an increased demand for such 
products as milk, and fruit, and its juices. We think 
therefore that the demand for apple products is as¬ 
sured. It is a time for getting in conservatively and 
for taking care of what we have. 
* 
Thf.se wool associations will be a great help in get¬ 
ting better results, but it is hard to reach the people 
who are back in the hills, such one* as have writtenjne. 
I know The R. N.-Y. can help us there if it will. Our 
association wants to get in touch with all these small 
farmers, and get information to them as to how to care 
tor their fleeces to get' best results. 1 have a letter from 
one man who wants help in locating a good ram to 
match his sheep and encloses a sample of wool from 
two ewes. He sems to have a nice flock, but knows 
nothing of the different breeds, apparently. 
Somerset Co., N. J. george atwell post. 
R. POST is the man who told how he got full 
market price for his small lot of wool. The 
story attracted attention from many who have only 
a few sheep, and were becoming discouraged over 
their failure to obtain a fair price. They can com¬ 
bine their sales and get what is comingito them. As 
Mr. Post says the associations of farmers usually 
attract the strong and well-to-do, while the smaller 
farmers, back from the towns and central places, 
who have small lots of goods, are at the mercy of 
dealers and agents or peddlers. They need help 
even more than the stronger farmers, and The R. 
N.-Y. gladly offers its services in letting them know 
what they can do to improve their business. Keep 
it ifi mind that real, success in agriculture cannot rise 
above the thought and spirit of the plain, middle- 
class farmer. 
* 
On? hundred fruit trees on every farm! 
HAT slogan has been taken up by nurserymen 
and fruit growers. The result will he a multi¬ 
tude of small orchards. Some farmers, as we think 
wisely, will plant a smaller number, say 50 or 25. 
They know they cannot well care for 100 trees and 
keep up their regular farm work. So they plant 
a few trees and give them good care. We do not 
stick for any particular number of trees. We just 
want a small fruit orchard on every farm. The farm 
and the family will be all the better for it. No use 
saying a farmer will buy all the fruit he needs. 
You never saw one who did this, and you never will. 
The most opposition has come from men who say 
this farm orchard proposition will interfere with 
sales from the regular fruit farms. There is some¬ 
thing to this, but these objectors usually answer their 
own argument by saying the funu tree will not live! 
The RURAL NEW-YORKER 
The way we regard a fruit tree we think such a small 
orchard would be not only an asset but a companion 
and education to any farm family. 
* 
A FEW weeks ago we had a few remarks about 
“Phospho-germ”—quoting from Prof. Rose of 
Florida. At that time we stated that the potash in 
this stuff came from wood ashes. Now we are told 
that this potash is from green sand marl, which 
makes the story worse yet. This stuff then seems to 
be raw Florida phosphate, swamp muck and marl, 
with various “germs” mixed with it. The price of 
this unchopped plant hash is .$45 per ton, and we 
are told that farmers ill parts of the South are buy¬ 
ing it by the carload! They seem to believe that 
the germs in this stuff will fill their soil with nitro¬ 
gen, so they will not need to buy manure or fer¬ 
tilizer. Humbug—thy name is germ! “Nitro- 
fertile” is another one to lie let alone. 
* 
In an editorial you write: “We simply want to find 
out where a Senator’s responsibility begins and ends, 
ft? he the servant of the State?" To the last question, 
no. It is his business as a man and a Senator to vote 
for that lie believes best for all the States. Tell me 
why one or more States should vote that might cause 
woman suffrage in a State where its people do not feel 
that the time has come when it should bo adopted 
there? Every State can now have suffrage if it wishes, 
and it is a good thing that part of the States try 
woman suffrage beside those that do not have it. I 
believe what is best will win. In voting for what he 
believed was best for ah the States, contrary to the 
wishes of a majority of his own State, he has shown 
more of moral courage and true manhood than the aver¬ 
age Congressman. I have more respect for an opponent 
than the echo of the crowd, be they right or wrong. 
Massachusetts. H. o. head. 
S we have stated a dozen times, we want to set¬ 
tle this question of responsibility. A Senator is 
el of'ted by the people of a State. This is a Republic, 
and the majority rales—or is supposed to. The peo¬ 
ple of that State—through their Legislature—tell 
their Senator just what they want him to do. Is he 
under obligations to obey them or not? Mr. Mead 
seems to think he is not. He thinks a Senator should 
use his own judgment and consider the wishes of 
other States rather than his own. We do not agree 
with that view. We think the Senator, being created 
by the State, is its servant—sent to Washington, free 
to use his judgment in most matters, but expected to 
obey instructions when they are definitely given. 
Why is not a Senator like a lawyer selected to han¬ 
dle our legal business? He is five to use Iiis judg¬ 
ment, up to the time we tell him definitely what we 
want. done. When that time comes what can he con¬ 
sistently do except to obey orders or resign? Now 
perhaps we are all wrong in this. If so. we will 
cheerfully accept correction. It is a big question- 
big with possibilities for citizens and voters, and we 
would like to have it settled. We can imagine a case 
where farmers elected a man to do certain definite 
things for them. When he got to Washington he* 
might fall -back upon this “own judgment” excuse 
and refuse to help them. 
* 
I was just reading, on page 321, about the Cayuga 
County Farm Bureau, that their appropriation was cut 
short, etc. Our Erie County Bureau has run short of 
funds because of the extension of the work, anil our effi¬ 
cient manager. S. S. Lehman, with the help of his exec¬ 
utive committee, has instituted a membership campaign 
and is asking the farmers to join the Farm Bureau or¬ 
ganization and pay $1 each. It is a success, and I 
think is a scheme which any Farm Bureau short of 
funds would do well to consider. If any Farm Bureau 
is interested I think they could get full details by writ¬ 
ing to Mr. B. D. Love, secretary, R.F.D., Erie. Pa., or 
to S. S. Lehman, manager, Erie, Pa. geo. e. pierce. 
Erie Co., Pa. 
OTIIING could he better for a Farm Bureau 
than to have it, through necessity, financed by 
farmers. It would then be of and for the farmers. 
They would recognize it as their own instrument, and 
make great use of it. In at least one county the 
supervisors refused to appropriate money for I arm 
Bureau work. The farmers quietly organized and 
elected a set of supervisors pledged to such an appro¬ 
priation. The farmers were quite within their rights 
in doing this. It did them far more good than the 
smaller thing of controlling that hoard of super¬ 
visors. They learned how to hitch up a team of 
political horses! The way to make a Farm Bureau 
successful is to write the word farm in italics! The 
ink with which to do that is made out of the dollars 
which farmers pay as members! 
• 
‘'Lime and phosphorus will make us prosperous!” 
IGTIT! And they will do their work in two 
ways. The great majority of our Eastern soil 
is sour and will not produce grain or grass and 
clover to best advantage until it is sweetened. Lime 
will do that, and when clover and Alfalfa come in 
thick and strong you can do anything you like with 
the soil. And the first thing you have to do is to 
supply what the crops need. Most of our Eastern 
March IS, 1919 
soils are lacking in available phosphorus. Nitrogen, 
or most of what we need, can be supplied by clover 
and other legume plants. Most of our heavy and 
medium soils have fair supplies of potash, and by 
using manure and cover crops we can make it avail¬ 
able. The great need of legumes and of grain is 
phosphorus. It is the life and seed maker-—the 
great thing needful on our Eastern lands. The use 
of lime sweetens the soil and makes it possible to 
start the legumes. These in turn provide nitrogen, 
but they cannot produce at their best until they have 
an abundance of phosphorus. That is the key of 
success in our Eastern farming, so that the saying 
quoted above is true. And there is more to it, for 
lime and phosphorus enter into the very life and spirit 
of a farmer as well as into his soil. In the future 
more even than in the past the backbone and brain 
of the fanner will determine his place in society and 
• he extent of his prosperity. Bone is composed of 
lime and phosphorus, and phosphorus makes up the 
vital part of the brain. Deprive the child or the 
man of needed lime and phosphorus and he cannot 
fulfill his mission any more than the sour soil 
deficient, in phosphorus can raise its crop. So that 
the saying is doubly true, and milk and entire grain 
are for the child what limestone and phosphates are 
for the soil. 
* 
W HAT is the true situation in this country 
regarding the League of Nations? President 
Wilson has started hack to Europe stating that his 
presence there is more necessary than any service 
he can render here. Congress will not meet again 
until the President returns. A treaty of peace with 
or without the League plan included must he ratified 
by two-tliirds of the United States Senators before 
it is legally adopted by this nation. Already about 
40 Senators have pledged themselves to oppose the 
League plan as now presented. At the same time 
President Wilson asserts that the great mass of the 
American people favor the plan he proposes. He 
puts his thought and hope in these words: 
My friends. I wish you would reflect upon this propo¬ 
sition. The vision as to what is necessary for great 
reforms has seldom come from the top in the nations of 
the world. It has come from the need and the aspiration 
and the self-assertion of great, bodies of men who meant 
to be free, and I can explain some of the criticisms 
which have been leveled against this great enterprise 
only by the supposition that the men who utter the 
criticisms have never felt the great pulse of the heart 
of the world. 
President Wilson is absolutely right in saying that 
the question will finally be settled by the thought 
and demand of the plain people. The Senators at 
Washington may “resolve” and pledge to their hearts' 
content, but they will finally do what the “folks 
hack home” demand. There is no man in America 
big enough to stand up and defy the real growl of 
a thoroughly enraged public. The question is. do 
the American people care enough for this League of 
Nations to leave their work and play and demand 
it? President Wilson thinks they do. The opposing 
Senators think otherwise. Our own opinion is that 
a vast majority of Americans believe that some sort 
of international league must be formed, but there is 
another majority which will not endorse any plan 
until they understand it in all its details. 
* 
Is a pig that squeals for food with an ear of coni 
in his mouth a Bolshevikt J. m. r. 
E have been unable to find out what these men 
with the unpronounceable names really stand 
for. The more they explain the less we seem to know 
about it. As for the pig squealing for more food 
while iiis mouth is full, the description seems to us 
more applicable to the monopolist or “bloated bond¬ 
holder.” As a rale, moderate prosperity will satisfy 
most of us. We should say that pig belongs to the 
class of citizens who have simply turned life into 
a habit of grasping money and power for their own 
selfish use. They cannot begin to use the income 
from their accumulation, yet they go ou scheming 
and defrauding in order to increase their store. That 
is the true human hog. 
Brevities 
Fish sausage is announced as food in Sweden. Milk 
at .42 cents a quart in France. 
Peace has added to the joy of the world, but nothing 
to the food supply. 
Hammer away at this idea of making homemade 
bams. 
Remarkable how the sheep are coming in. Now 
organize to control the sale of wool. 
A little soap in the dishwater will not hurt the pigs, 
but beware of soap powders. 
Lack of lime-forming food in the hog’s ration will lie 
like a lack of “reinforcement” in a concrete post. Both 
wi'l crumble. 
